I yoLwandle Azov ukujula - Ngokwesilinganiso, ubuncane kanti esiphezulu. Izimpawu oLwandle Azov

Azov Sea - nolwandle maphakathi nezwe eYurophu, elisetendeni imingcele Ukraine neRussia. endaweni yayo -. ayizinkulungwane 39 sq M. km. Ichibi kungokwalabo Atlantic Ocean umcengezi. I yoLwandle Azov ukujula Ngokwesilinganiso, lokho akusho ngisho ukufinyelela 10 m, esiphezulu --15 m.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule emanzini itholakala ngaphakathi ekujuleni nezwekazi Eurasia, Nokho it is ngokuphelele njengenkulumo langaphakathi, semi ivaliwe ngokushesha. Ngemva elide - 4 Strait Sea 4 - Kodwa Azov amanzi kuwa olwandle. Kanye ubude kolwandle isingamakhilomitha 380 km ububanzi - 200 km. Ubude ugu - kuka 2500 km.

Imininingwane zomlando

ULwandle Azov kuyinto ulwandle sasivumela abasha. Ngaphambili, kwakukhona inguqulo Don agelezé ngqo oLwandle Olumnyama. Kodwa Azov mhlawumbe obakhiwa V futhi VI yeminyaka BC

Umlando igama kwesigubhu kuyinto ngempela ezithakazelisayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kushintshile izikhathi eziningana. Okwamanje, inguqulo ozwakalayo iningi umsuka gama ngokuqondile ahlobene izinkomba ezifana yoLwandle Azov (isilinganiso kuhluka 6 m kuya kwangu-8) ukujula. Lokhu emanzini ubhekwa komncane kunabo eMhlabeni iplanethi.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, uLwandle Azov ngokuvamile yabetha amagama; amaGreki asendulo walibiza Meotida; AmaSkithe - Kargaluk; izizwe Meotians lasendulo owayehlala ogwini ku BC mina ekhulwini okuthiwa Sea Temerinda. Igama lanamuhla elithi wabelwa kwesigubhu kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII - "Azov" ukuthi Turkic kusho "ongaphakeme".

Azov ekujuleni kwelwandle: Ngokwesilinganiso, ubuncane, esiphezulu,

ULwandle Azov akuyona ekujuleni isimanga. Isibalo eliphakeme sabhalwa kuphela Ingcenye ephakathi. Kule ndawo, ama-ukujula cishe ifinyelela 13-15 m Lokhu emanzini -. Indawo ephelele Imikhaya enezingane ezisencane njengoba udinga ukuhamba a amamitha ambalwa kusuka osebeni kuze amanzi uyofinyelela okungenani ibhande omdala. Ngo endaweni engasogwini at 10 m ukujula uyahluka 1 m inyuka lesi sibalo, kuphela uma ekhosombeni olwandle 1-2 km, ekufinyeleleni 5 m Kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi we Azov ekujuleni kwelwandle: esijwayelekile - 7,4 .. futhi esiphezulu - 13-15 m kodwa aphansi eqoshiwe endaweni ephakathi Elenin futhi etshekile Zhelezinka kungaba .. Lapha kukhona impumuzo bokukhulisa phansi, ngakho ukujula kulezi zindawo ingeqi 3-4 m endaweni. ETaganrog Bay has a ukucindezeleka 9-10 m, kanti eduze phezulu - 5 m.

ULwandle Azov ubizwa nangokuthi flat. It libhekene ukujula amancane ugu oluncane. Ukujula kwandisa kancane kancane. emthambekeni Coastal basezifundeni ezisenyakatho eningizimu futhi ngezindlela ezahlukene: enyakatho ukusakaza amanzi ububanzi engajulile, kuze km 30 ukujula, kuyilapho izindawo eningizimu abe emthambekeni emaweni kwamanzi.

Izici kwesigubhu

I amanzi ukujula encane ibe nomthelela ekubeni amanani aphansi we okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi. He is ayizinkulungwane 586 sq. M. km. Azov Sea coast, ikakhulukazi flat and sandy, ehlanganisa limestone esihle. amabhishi-Latitude besilinganiso. It has ikhono ukuya ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi ngesikhathi amanzi ephakeme.

Sea imisinga Sea kukhona edlulayo - bathembele ukufika imimoya enyakatho nasentshonalanga, njalo kukhona eyodwa kuphela - esiphikisa isiyingi wendawo.

Nezindawo zokupaka kanye kwamagoda

Ulwandle akuyona egcwele amatheku. Ukukhululwa Okukhulu nje ezine: Siwash, Obitochnaya, Berdyansk futhi eTaganrog Bay. iziqhingi ezincane olwandle. Isici nobuntu ugu - kungcono nezinwele ezinde eside, okuyinto, kushintshana ngosiko flat ogwini, okwenza ugu ezimangelengele. I enkulu babo - the Arbat, nobude bawo 115 km. Ngaphandle Arabat Amathe oLwandle Azov iphahlazeke fedotov, Berdyansk, Belosarayskaya kwamagoda. imifula emikhulu egeleza oLwandle Azov - Don, Kuban.

izici zezulu

uhlobo sezulu, evamile Azov - ngokulinganisela ezwekazini. Ngenxa yokuthi le ekujuleni kwelwandle esiphezulu Azov singadluli uphawu 15 m, izinga lokushisa lamanzi ehlobo ongafinyelela +20 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ke uwela 0 ... -3 ° C, eningizimu-0 ... + 3 ° C. Sea ice imbozwe Ukuboshelwa futhi kuphela ezindaweni ezisogwini. Ngo nobusika obubanda kakhulu, ichibi angase ukumisa imigqa ngokuphelele kulo lonke imfundo eyisisekelo 90 cm phakathi nqabela-up -. Januwari.

usawoti

amanzi Azov Sea beyizinceku enosawoti njalo ngonyaka. Isizathu salokhu sancipha emifula yaminyaka yonke imifula emikhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi e zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili phezu kwemifula emikhulu ukuthi baphathe amanzi olwandle, ezakhiwe lamanzi, kanjalo umthamo wamanzi yehlile kakhulu. A usawoti ka Azov osekelwa Black Sea, lapho isibalo iphezulu kakhulu. Ngokusho kwemibiko yamuva, usawoti yamanzi kwesigubhu Azov uyahluka 13.5% manje futhi liyaqhubeka landa minyaka yonke. Lokhu isici kubathinta kabi izwe organic angenasawoti zilwane.

izici zemvelo

Izwe organic ukuthi uhlala umcengezi Azov Sea, ngokwanele elikhiqizayo kakhulu. Amanzi atholakala eyodwa kuphela omele ezincelisayo. It Azov ihlengethwa. Zonke izinhlobo izinhlanzi ezihlala unomphela emanzini, mayelana 103 zazo yilezo eyigugu kakhulu embonini. Lapha uchitha ekubambeni anchovy, sprat, ulwe, sculpin, inhlanzi no Sturgeon. Eminyakeni yamuva nje baye benza ngempumelelo ngaphandle acclimatization pelengasa.

ukusetshenziswa

Azov Sea coast iye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo sokuzilibazisa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi echibini elincane futhi sincane ngokwanele, kubalulekile ngoba kwala mazwe womabili: Russia nase-Ukraine. Mariupol futhi Berdyansk lakha amatheku ezinkulu. Shelf ezithembisa ukucinga uwoyela, igesi kanye namanye amaminerali. On Sivash misela usawoti. Kusukela ngo-1999, ngokusemthethweni ogwini oluseningizimu (e m. Kazantip) okukhishwe ezakhini uwoyela.

ezokuvakasha

Isimo sezulu ogwini ukhululekile kakhulu eziphilayo kanye nokungcebeleka. Samaholidi lapha iqala ngo-May ihlala kuze Okthoba, ingqikithi 150 izinsuku. Emoyeni ogwini elicwile ion iodine, uxhumano lokudlulisa, i-calcium nezinye izakhi mkhondo. Empeleni, ulwandle oluzungeze indawo asemaqeleni, siyohlale umoya olamandla encane. I amanzi ukujula encane ivumela amanzi ukuba nomusa kahle ngenkathi izivakashi. Amazinga air ehlobo kungaba afinyelela + 45 ° C ngo-Le nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa - Julayi. inkathi okulingene at t ° + 25 ° ... + 30 ° C. Inzika - 400-600 mm / ngonyaka, iningi labo kuba ekwindla. t Isilinganiso ° + 6 ° C Januwari 0 ..., kodwa ngenxa umoya ohlabayo endaweni kanye nomswakama njalo (75-85%) isimo sezulu uqobo inzima kakhulu.

Azov Sea ngenxa ukujula yayo engajulile isibe uya khona intandokazi imikhaya, ikakhulukazi abanezingane ezisencane. Ngoba amanzi ayo engajulile amanzi kahle sekuqala ukufudumala ehlobo ukuba + 23 ° C. Ogwini indlu kanye nokungcebeleka, sibhedlela.