Yini izakhiwo babe receptor: izici kwesakhiwo, izinhlobo nemisebenzi

Namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokho izakhiwo receptor, cabanga ezihlukahlukene futhi isakhiwo analyzers. ezimpilweni zethu ngeke kwenzeke ngokuphelele ngaphandle yokwamukela. Cabanga indlela yokuphila ngabe unjani ngaphandle kwethu ukuzwa, emehlweni, ukuhogela, ukuthinta, ukunambitha.

Esokuqala futhi eyinhloko umsebenzi analyzer - kuyisivikelo. Ngaphandle kokulalela, besingeke sikwazi ukuzwa noma yiziphi izimpawu isixwayiso (imoto, izikhangiso zomsakazo eziphuthumayo nokunye); ngaphandle umbono yayiyobizwa bacwiliswa ngokuphelele ebumnyameni, ngeke ukwazi ukuthi enhle ezweni lethu; Smell unamandla usivikele ingozi (ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuqhume igesi); umqondo touch isitshela umonakalo kungenzeka ezingalimaza umzimba; okuzwa ukudla asivumela ukuhlukanisa omuhle ovela okunosawoti noma omuncu. Asikhulume okuncane mayelana imizwa ujike yombuzo walokho izakhiwo receptor.

emizweni

Bayingcosana ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo emizweni :

• isikhumba ukuzwa;
• izinzwa zokunambitha;
• Inzwa yokuhogela;
• emizweni ezibukwayo;
• ukuzwa sokuzwa;
• isikhundla emkhathini;
• umqondo nokunyakaza;
• organic.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi uhlobo lokuqala kuhlanganisa:

• uthinte;
• ingcindezi;
• umqondo touch;
• lokushisa umuzwa;
• ubuhlungu.

Ngu-6 th futhi 7 th iqembu kuhlanganisa kokubili static kanye kinetic. Ngu ingqondo 8th thina ukwabela lezi izinhlobo emizweni:

• indlala;
• ukoma;
• umuzwa izitho zangaphakathi nokunye.

Ngaphambi kokuthi selisho lokho izakhiwo babe receptor, ahlaziye izinhlobo zawo.

izinhlobo receptor

Manje thina ukukunikeza kuholele ngezigaba ezicini ezithile. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi yini izimfanelo babe efihlekile, biology (grade 8) abafundi kumele baphendule. Siphawula izakhiwo nemisebenzi esigabeni esilandelayo, futhi manje - Ukwahlukaniswa bezibona ugqozi:

• mechanoreceptors;
• chemoreceptors;
• thermoreceptors;
• photoreceptors;
• nociceptors.

Enye ngezigaba siye kwaholela abantu abayizigidi, it is esekelwe iphuzu Ngenxa psychophysiology. Khumbula ukuthi ama-receptor zihlukaniswe amaqembu:

• ezibukwayo;
• kokuzwa;
• ukunambitha;
• olfactory;
• ethintekayo, noma Haptic.

Imisebenzi kanye izakhiwo receptor

Kule ngxenye sizobheka izinhlobo, imisebenzi nezimpahla yokwamukela. Ngakho, phakathi izakhiwo bungabonakala:

• ngokucacile;
• ukuzwela.

Manje okuncane mayelana ngamunye wabo. Ngu ngokucacile kwakusho ukuthi yokwamukela uyabubona eyodwa kuphela izinhlobo zamandla ashukumisayo. Okungukuthi, la mangqamuzana ezinzwa monomodal, kodwa akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi kunjalo, njengoba iningi ikhono lazo azibonayo nezinye ngokucasuka kuvelana nabo kuphela sincane kakhulu.

Ngakho kancane kancane ukuza impahla yesibili - ukuzwela. Lokho kungasilimaza singenakulinganiswa, lesi sibalo unegama - umbundu ngokuphelele. Lapha kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi receptor ingahlukaniswa nge ijubane lithathelwe:

• tonic;
• ushintsho;
• isigaba.

yokwamukela umsebenzi:

• okuwuphawu;
• uguqule amandla ngokomzimba nezinzwa amaza;
• ukuhlaziywa kokuqala ezishukumisa engenayo.

Izinhlobo kanye nesakhiwo analyzers

Yini property ama-receptor, thina zihlolwa kafushane. Sinikeza ukuya uhlobo isakhiwo analyzers.

Ukuze uqale, thina ngenisa umcondvo wekubhalwa "analyzer" ngokwalo. Lesi sakhiwo izakhiwo uhlelo kwenzwa okukuvumela ukuba sihlaziye amasignali etholakele ngaphandle. Can ahlukanisa kubo ngokuvumelana nezimfuno ehlukahlukene, siphinde sinikeze kusigaba injongo. Ngakho analyzers zihlukaniswe zibe:

• zangaphandle;
• ingaphakathi;
• isikhundla umzimba;
• ubuhlungu.

Isakhiwo analyzer zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:

• neuropathy;
• umqhubi;
• emaphakathi.

Eyokuqala umnyango sife receptor wesibili - namangqamuzana ezinzwa wesifunda lesithathu - 2 izinhlobo izinzwa ukuthi ukwenza analysis idatha.

emehlweni

Sithole ukuthi izakhiwo jikelele receptor. Manje sikhuluma okuncane mayelana isikhungo ezibukwayo. Ukuze lesifinyetiwe kakhulu, analyzer ezibukwayo siqukethe le izakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• optical;
• yokusekela;
• Neural.

Konke lokhu kuyasiza azibonayo sihlaziye amasignali ukukhanya. Uma sikhuluma eceleni ngendoda, sibonga yokuthi amehlo kukhona emgqeni efanayo, kungenzeka ukuba ichaze imingcele ethile:

• ukujula;
• ivolumu;
• ibanga nokunye.

Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abantu ukungaboni Binocular.

ukuzwa

Ngakho, yini izakhiwo babe receptor? Khumbula: uzwela ngokucacile. akukho okushintshile maqondana la mangqamuzana sokuzwa. Izindlebe, singakwazi kuphela ukuzwa. Lokhu waphinda kuqinisekisa ukuthi la mangqamuzana othize, kodwa cha perceive yonke imisindo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi receptor sokuzwa abe impahla ukuzwela.

Isimiso somuntu ukuzwa uhlelo angakwazi ukubona ultrasound futhi infrasound. Kungani? Infrasound wave lebanga engaphansi kwengama-20 Hz ultrasound - okweqa 20 kHz, okuyinto angaphezu komuntu ukuzwela embundwini receptor sokuzwa.

uthinte

Sesihlole le zomzimba jikelele reception kudlulela la mangqamuzana ethintekayo. Kuyo yonke umzimba wethu itholakala inombolo enkulu kakhulu receptor ethintekayo. Kuyinto ngiyabonga kubo singakwazi ukuhlukanisa umkhuhlane kusukela, kushisa ezimanzi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi bonke la mangqamuzana ezahlukene, okungukuthi, umuntu ophethe lokushisa, kuyilapho abanye - ukuze ubuhlungu nokunye.

iphunga

Ake sithi amagama ambalwa mayelana lokuhogela. Ikhala lomuntu nje udinga ngokusebenzisa iphunga esikuhogelayo, ukunambitheka kokudla nokunye. Ikhala lisivikela ezingozini eziningi, okuyizinto ezimweni ezithile ngisho yingozi kubantu. Iphunga bangathonya imizwa nemizwelo. Khumbula, ngokuqinisekile unayo iphunga ozithandayo ebuntwaneni (kungaba ubisi, baking iphunga noma amakha kamama).

Uma sicabanga emhlabeni isilwane, kubuye kube indlela yokugwema ezinye izinkinga (izilwane iphawule indawo yabo, owesilisa kangako wayengakaze setha unyawo Insimu namandla).

ama-apharathasi vestibular

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umzimba womuntu Sinezinzwa ezenza ezikhethekile sikwazi ukunquma isikhundla salo isikhala. Uma bengekho, besingeke sibe khona umuzwa wokuba sibheke phansi (isibonelo, ugibele, lapho enza amacebo Acrobatic nokunye), singathanda siwela phezu kwanoma iyiphi ezingeni phansi, ukuhlupheka isiyezi okuphakade nokunye.

Le divayisi kunalokho xaka. Uma kukhona ukushayisana umsebenzi wakhe, lowo muntu ngabe kufanele kuhle ezimbi, kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi ua emkhathini, wamane bengayi.

ukunambitheka

Futhi ekugcineni - kancane ngalokho indima ezimpilweni zethu thatha ukunambitha. Okokuqala okuzwa ukudla asivumela ukuhlukanisa ukunambitheka kokudla.

Bonke abantu bayakwazi uzizwa izici ukunambitheka, njengoba isakhiwo ulimi nhlobo ezifanayo, futhi ukunambitheka efihlekile atholakala phezu. Sinenkosi igama - ukunambitheka efihlekile. Ngo ngolimi lwethu, ezihlukahlukene zabo ezinkulu, kodwa yilowo nalowo olulodwa unesibopho eyodwa umthunzi zokunambitha.