Yokuthi kuyini impesheni yokuguga: izici kanye nemithetho ukushaja

Bayanda izakhamuzi nicabanga eRussia yokuthi kuyini impesheni. Lona umbuzo obalulekile, okuyinto Kunconywa ukuba zinakekele ebusheni bakhe. Uhlelo impesheni ku Russian Federation kushintsha njalo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule liye phambili mbono eziningi futhi izinhlelo maqondana nokuhlinzekwa impesheni. Ezinye zazo Ufake kakade force, abanye basuke okukhulunywa ngalo. Nokho, iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ukucacisa izingxenye impesheni. Yini-ke aqukethe? Kwenzekani? Uyini isakhamuzi isilinganiso kuyadingeka endabeni ethile? Konke lokhu izochazwa kamuva.

Pension - kungcono ...

Pension - inkokhelo yanyanga zonke, isikhundla izakhamuzi ngabanye. Ngokuvamile, wabelwa abantu abaye sokumpeshena. Kuze kube manje, amadoda Russian hamba ngeholide eminyakeni engu-60, abesifazane - 55. Kodwa kwezinye impesheni zikhokhelwa ngaphambi.

Esikhathini Russian Federation zikhona izinzuzo eziningi zalolu hlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona okulandelayo impesheni:

• nomphakathi;
• yabasebenzi;
• osindile;
• ukukhubazeka.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo isakhamuzi unelungelo lokuthola uhlobo olulodwa kuphela uxhaso kuhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, abaningi ozama siqonde ukuthi ziyini impesheni. Kulokhu, uzokwazi ukukhetha ofanele kakhulu uhlobo lomuntu izinkokhelo.

izinkokhelo

Njengoba kuye kwashiwo, wafunda umbuzo okuyinto oyithandayo abantu abaningi abahlala endaweni WaseRussia. Ezweni kukhona 3 kuphela izinhlobo ezinkulu izinkokhelo. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa isinxephezelo elandelayo:

• eziyisisekelo;
• isitoreji;
• umshwalense.

Lokhu kubenza babe nenzuzo yomhlalaphansi. Ngaphandle kwawo, watadisha yokukhokha umane akaphinde asibalele. Yini izici kuxhaswa kuhulumeni for labantu abadala kunconywa ukuba banake?

izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile

Isibonelo, osebenza ku ephambili yohlobo ngalunye kwezimpesheni? Qonda yonke le, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi isimiso ukwakha ukusekelwa abantu asebekhulile kuleli zwe.

• Basic ingxenye impesheni - inani lemali elincane izimali ezikhokhwa isakhamuzi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphila. Ikhishwe nyangazonke ukusiza ukuba khona impesheni.
• kwakhiwa ingxenye Ixashwa is ngeminikelo, okuyinto kukhiqizwa isakhamuzi enamandla yomqashi. Noma imiphi yale imali ukuthi umuntu ngokuzithandela idluliselwe izimali zempesheni. Inani izinkokhelo incike iminikelo izimisele.
• I umshwalense ingxenye - eqakathekileko, isikhundla sabo bonke abantu wake wasebenza ngokusemthethweni. Yini ehlanganisiwe impesheni? Wakhe umshwalense ingxenye - uhlobo isinxephezelo ngomsebenzi wabo. Usayizi incike ubukhulu, inkokhelo kanye yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

impesheni yokuguga

Manje okuncane mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile izimpesheni imithetho kumiswa yabo. Inketho yokuqala - izinzuzo sokuguga. Bangakwazi cishe ngokuthi umshwalense. Kungani? Yokuthi kuyini impesheni yokuguga?

Zonke elula kakhulu. Kususelwa nenikezwa ngaphambili, singaphetha ngokuthi lo umshwalense impesheni - kuyasetshenzelwa a lifetime, futhi ukunikeza izimali zempesheni imali. Le nkokhelo Ngokushumayela kungabizwa ngokuthi zabasebenzi. Phela, ngaphandle iminikelo umsebenzi, njengoba umthetho, kungukuthi kukhiqizwa.

Ukwakheka woMbuso ngokwezimali liyadingeka ukufaka ingxenye isizinda. It is esibekwe umbuso ngaleso nani. Uma isakhamuzi umsebenzi kuye kwahlotshaniswa ezinye izici, futhi sinomthelela impesheni. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona i-premium ukuze sivale lapho sisilela izimo zokusebenza ezinzima noma ubude inkonzo. Lokhu kufanele sikhumbule ngibo bonkhe bahlali.

Mayelana accumulative ingxenye

Futhi kuyini impesheni zabasebenzi endaweni USB? Mayelana Russian uhlelo impesheni izinguquko zamanje izinkokhelo ezinjalo akhiwa ngezindlela eziningana.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, it:

• Citizen noma umqashi angase ukunikelela Pension Fund we Russian Federation lobehlukene. Khona-ke Isikhwama izinkokhelo futhi ubukhulu ingxenye uxhaso uzobe kulawulwa ezifanele isimo ejensi.
• Unegunya ukwenza yokuzithandela iminikelo umshwalense buthelela impesheni esizayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuyodingeka zisebenze yesikhwama sempesheni futhi usayine inkontileka. Khona-ke imali nyanga zonke ezenziwa inhlangano. Kubo engxenyeni accumulative ikusasa izimpesheni kwakhiwa.

Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi adluliselwe ngemali empilweni yakhe yonke e izimali zempesheni wezwe, impesheni kungaba ephakeme esikhathini esizayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi, ukuthola inkokhelo enjalo namuhla, kumele ube amaphuzu 30 isikimu impesheni. Basuke ukhishwa isipiliyoni ezingaphezu kuka esiphansi. Okwamanje, uneminyaka engu-5. Kungenjalo, ungakwazi kuphela ancike impesheni zomphakathi. Kuyinto ongatheni, kodwa nakanjani zonke impesheni.

ababasekelayo

Labor impesheni sokuguga yakhiwa izingxenye eziningana. Ngakho-ke, ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi okuningi owayesethathe umhlala-phansi uzothola ecaleni inikezwe, kunzima. Kukhona impesheni zomphakathi. Hlobo luni yesibonelelo sikahulumeni nokuthi kwakhiwa? izimpesheni Komphakathi, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, kukhona izinkokhelo esincane sabantu. Bafaka zonke izakhamuzi abangenayo isipiliyoni somsebenzi. Futhi, lokhu kusekelwa kukhutshaziwe. Kuyadingeka ukuba silondoloze ukuphila komuntu, okuyinto ayinakho nezinye umthombo engenayo. impesheni Social setha nguhulumeni kusifunda ngasinye ngokuhlukile. It kuncike izinga kwezimiso labantu kanye izindleko zokuphila ukuphila. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngo-2016 inkokhelo efanayo kwaba ruble mayelana 8700. Usayizi ubuncane kwaba ngaphakathi ruble 4900.

ukubala uhlelo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlelo impesheni uye washintsha ezinye eRussia. Manje wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukuba uzazi kahle wena, kangakanani-ke uzothola lapho sebethathe umhlalaphansi. Yini ehlanganisiwe impesheni? Umshwalense usuku inkokhelo eyenziwe uhlelo eyasungulwa isimo. Yini ephathelene? это сумма денежных средств, сформированная путем умножения имеющихся пенсионных баллов на стоимость одного очка. Ngokusho idatha yashicilelwa ku-website esemthethweni ye-FIU, umshwalense impesheni - inani izimali ezakhiwe siphindaphindeka amaphuzu ekhona impesheni ku ukubaluleka iphuzu elilodwa. Ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi ungeze inkokhelo emisiwe.

Ngakho, ubukhulu jikelele impesheni zabasebenzi umhlalaphansi sengezwe umbono isakhamuzi ushaye amaphuzu impesheni esaphila. Basuke ukhishwa ku uhlobo bill unyaka wasebenza. Lapho, ayanda yokubhadala. Izindleko amaphuzu impesheni kunqunywa isimo unyaka ngamunye. Le ngxenye kushintsha njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2017 ukubaluleka amaphuzu 78 ruble 28 kopecks. 4 805 рублей 11 копеек. Inkokhelo fixed - 4805 ruble 11 kopecks. Kunenkolelo minyaka yonke inqubo yokufaka.

Azisekho ekubaleni kokukhokhwa kwempesheni izinhlelo lapho. Kuyinto kulombhalo ngenhla Kunconywa ukuzulazula. By endleleni, le ubudala enqwabelene eRussia, ngesikhathi umsebenzi ngokusemthethweni hhayi kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ukunakekela umuntu okhubazekile iminyaka 80 nangaphezulu. Phakathi nale nkathi, isimo ukhiqiza ezinye izimali ezibanjwayo ukuze Pension Fund, kanye nakho lizokhokhiswa.

Indlela yokwenza out umhlalaphansi

Manje kusobala ukuthi isamba impesheni yomhlalaphansi yakhiwa izingxenye eziningi. Uma sicabangela izinguquko ezenziwe abanye bakholelwa uhlelo yempesheni WaseRussia eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ekusebenteni, abantu abayizigidi bamatasa adayiswa e NPFy futhi yakha ingxenye self-uxhaso lezinkokhelo size siguge.

Futhi 'ungahlala kanjani ukuthola indawo ukuxhaswa okuvela embusweni? Okuqukethwe akunzima ngakho. Enough ukuba ngilidlulisele Pension Fund ne uhlu ezithile kwemibhalo. okungukuthi:

• ikhadi elibonisa ukuthi ubuthiwe,
• SNILS;
• ikhadi zabasebenzi;
• izitifiketi zokuzalwa zonke izingane;
• imininingwane ye-akhawunti lapho ukuze uthumele imali;
• ubufakazi imisebenzi yebhizinisi;
• ikhadi wezempi (uma ikhona);
• noma yiziphi izinkomba ukuthi ukusekela nezikhathi okungezona zokusebenza babale ubudala;
• imiklomelo kanye nezinye izibambiso, eqinisekisa esithile esikhethekile sokuphatha isakhamuzi.

Ngemva kwalokho, lo muntu izobalwa ngokuvumelana izikimu ngaphambilini ohlongozwayo, zenzeka impesheni.

iziphetho

Kusukela manje, kusobala ukuthi ubukhulu jikelele impesheni zabasebenzi umhlalaphansi yakhiwa inqwaba kakhulu izingxenye. Uhlelo yempesheni WaseRussia eminyakeni yamuva kushintsha njalo. Futhi ngakho konke isikimu ezihlongozwayo ngokubala yesibonelelo sikahulumeni ngeke kuphela kude kangaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi maduze ngeke isetshenziswe ezinye okuhlukile kumiswa kokukhokhwa kwempesheni.

Yini ehlanganisiwe impesheni? Ngesisekelo zonke ngaphambili singaphetha ngokuthi ithonya izinto ezilandelayo:

• isakhamuzi imali;
• ubudala;
• iphasi lomsebenzi (kwizindawo ezithile zomhlalaphansi ezenziwe ngaphambili);
• iminyaka impesheni;
• inani impesheni amaphuzu zanqwabelana;
• izindleko iphuzu nempesheni;
• nezikhathi okungezona zokusebenza babale ubude yesevisi;
• ubukhulu yokukhokha isizinda.