Izinhlinzeko main inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Darwin

Thola umsuka zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni - kuwumsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi, phezu okuyinto abantu komshikashika isikhathi eside. Kukhona impela imibono eyayisinesikhathi ezimbalwa zenkolo (yaphezulu) ukuba kumnandi (imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwasekelwa izwe zidalwa ezisemkhathini). Kulokhu, omunye ethandwa kakhulu kuze kube manje okuphakanyiswe ekhulwini le-19 leminyaka uCharles Darwin. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zokuphila Emhlabeni (kuhlanganise nabantu) Bavele Yiqiniso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kancane kancane kolweni layo lamanje. Othile kuyavumelana nalokhu hypothesis, abanye benze Nokho, cha, ukubaluleka kwalo lonke wonke umkhakha wezesayensi akunakuphikwa.

Izinhlinzeko oyinhloko le imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ka Darwin elandelayo. Zonke izinhlobo ophilayo emhlabeni akekho eyake yadalwa. amafomu Organic okuyinto wazithatha ngokwemvelo, kancane kancane washintsha ngokuhambisana nemibandela oluzungezile yabo. At inhliziyo lolu shintsho kuyinto ufuzo, ukushintshashintsha futhi ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo. Darwin Kugcine iye okuthiwa njengoba umzabalazo khona. Ngenxa yalokho yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yabonakala ezihlukahlukene zinhlobo ezahlukene emvelweni, futhi zonke ingashintshwa kakhulu kuyo elise.

Izinhlinzeko main inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Darwin wachaza encwadini yakhe, eyakhishwa ngo-1859. Lapha usosayensi kwabonisa ukuthi izinguquko ezincane eziphilayo ngabanye kuholele ushintsho imfuyo kanye nezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu ukhetha lezo zilwane ukuthi bayigugu kakhulu kuye, futhi uthola ukuba kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela. A inqubo efanayo, ososayensi bakholelwa, kwenzeka endalweni. Encwadini yakhe ethi Darwin Origin of Species Nokho, uyichaza ngokuthi inqubo yemvelo eside, kuba ngokuphelele ngeke ngephutha.

Ngakho, kokuhlukana kungaba izinhlobo ezimbili: esiqondile nanini. kuphakama Eyokuqala emiphumeleni ezintweni zangaphandle, futhi njengoba umthetho, uma ayanyamalala ke isizukulwane esilandelayo lezi zinhlelo ngeke zivele. kokuhlukana Liphinyiselwa ngofuzo ngokuzimela zezemvelo. Ukuthi iyisici ushayela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo.

Izinhlinzeko eyinhloko imfundiso kaDarwin kusekelwe yokuthi indaba yokuziphendukela kwemvelo uwukuthi yikhona ukushintshashintsha zofuzo. It kuholela yokuthi abantu bavele impahla yimpumelelo noma akuphumelelanga bewela sinomgomo eduze. biology banamuhla buye kwalethela ngokuthi "kuguquka."

Emzabalazweni khona, labo eziphilayo kufanele nezimo kancane zezemvelo, noma ishabalale noma ngaphansi aqale ukuphindaphindeka. I eduze kwesakhiwo balingisa abantu endaweni efanayo, ngakho eziningi mncintiswano kwenzekani phakathi kwabo, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi abaningi babo bayafa. Abaphilayo ngokuyisisekelo labo labatfola izakhiwo ezahlukene (basebenzisa ezihlukahlukene nokudla, livikeleke kuhlasela, nokunye. D.). Ngenxa kwehlukana (kwehlukana izici) kungenzeka wokuqhekeka uhlobo oluthile lwento ephilayo zinhlobo okwagcina ungase ube iyunithi ezimele.

Izinhlinzeko main inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Darwin ukuthi ngihlala indawo ezinzile kuholela kwemvelo kancane. Eqinisweni jikelele ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungabangela ukubukeka kwezinhlobo ezintsha kuyahluka kakhulu kusukela kokhokho babo okucatshangelwayo. Imiphumela Scientific e eziningi ubufakazi ukuthi kwemvelo inquma ukuqina eziphilayo ukuze ezishintshashintshayo zendawo eziphila kuyo. Isibonelo, lokhu coloration ezilwaneni, izitshalo kanti ezinye izihlahla - ikhono ukuphindaphinda nge ukuhlakazwa imbewu izithelo, njll ...

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibandela esemqoka inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Darwin kuyinto ngempela kubalulekile ukuqhubeka isayensi. Imisebenzi yakhe namanje wafunda, inani elikhulu izifundo kanye ucwaningo olwenziwa kubo.