Ukulandelana wenombolo: umqondo, izakhiwo kanye nezindlela umsebenzi

ukulandelana wenombolo kumkhawulo walo ungomunye izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-mathematics kuwo wonke umlando lo isayensi. Ilokhu olusha ngolwazi, zavela theorems entsha bese bonakaliso - konke lokhu Kusinikeza nethuba lokucabangela lo mqondo ezikhundleni elisha futhi ngesikhathi ezahlukene engele.

ukulandelana lenombolo, ngokuhambisana omunye izinqumo ezivamile umsebenzi zezibalo kabani base iyona iqoqo izinombolo zemvelo, ahlelwe ngokuvumelana iphethini elithile.

Lokhu umsebenzi kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ezithile, uma wazi umthetho, owawuthi ngoba zonke inombolo zemvelo lungacacisa inombolo langempela ngokucacile.

Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona ngokudala Ukulandelanisa kwenomboro.

Okokuqala, lo msebenzi lingasethwa okuthiwa "sobala", uma kukhona ifomula ebekiwe ilungu ngalinye nje esikhundleni nenombolo ye-sequence ngekulandzelana kungaba azimisele.

Indlela yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi "rekkurentnogo". essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi sinikwa imigomo embalwa yokuqala ukulandelana zezinombolo kanye rekkurentnaya ifomula ekhethekile ngawo, ukwazi ilungu langaphambilini, ungathola elandelayo.

Ekugcineni, indlela ezivame kakhulu ukusetha ukulandelana yiyona okuthiwa "indlela kohlaziyo", lapho kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ukubona ilungu oluthile kwenani elithile serial kalula, kodwa kokwazi amalungu ambalwa ngokulandelana ukuza ifomula jikelele umsebenzi.

Ukulandelana zezinombolo kungenzeka ngokwandisa noma ukunciphisa. Esimweni sokuqala, ngasinye ilandelwa amalungu ayo incane kunaleyo yangaphambili, futhi owesibili - kunalokho, ngaphezulu.

Uma ucabangela kuncike, asikwazanga ukuxoxa ngazo umbuzo mayelana ukulinganiselwa ukulandelana. Khawulela inombolo ukulandelanisa ibizwa ngokuthi uma ikhona, kuhlanganise i-value ngokungenamkhawulo encane, kukhona inombolo ngokulandelana, ngemva kwalokho ukuphambuka imigomo elandelanayo wokulandelana kusukela iphuzu inikezwe ngefomu ezinombolo iba ngaphansi kwenani iqoqo ngisho nalapho ukwakha lo msebenzi.

Umqondo ngenkuthalo nomkhawulo ukulandelana zezinombolo esetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa noma esinye notation ebalulekile futhi umehluko.

ukulandelanisa Mathematical ifa lonke setha izakhiwo ngokwanele ezithakazelisayo.

Okokuqala, yimuphi ukulandelana zezinombolo yisibonelo umsebenzi zezibalo, ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ukuthi kukhona isici imisebenzi kungenziwa ngokuphepha isicelo inqubo. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu izakhiwo ezinjalo, yilungiselelo okwandisa kanye nokuncipha uchungechunge izibalo, elihlanganiswa umqondo owodwa jikelele - ukulandelana monotonic.

Okwesibili, akukho okungenziwa iqembu kahle esikhulu ka ukulandelanisa ukuthi ngeke kukhonjwe ithuba okwandayo noma kuyancipha, - kuba ukulandelana gqwa. Esifundweni sezibalo, basuke kubhekwe ukuba umsebenzi lapho kukhona okuthiwa inkathi ubude, ukuthi, kusukela ephuzwini elithile (n) iqala ukusebenza ezothando y elandelayo _n = y _{n T,} lapho T ne kuyoba ukuthi nenkathi efanayo obuphelele.