Metaphysics Aristotle. Ingqondo unongorwana!

sazi Ezivelele ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, u-Aristotle (owazalwa 348 BC) wayenesithakazelo sciences enokwehla. Umfundi Izintandokazi kaPlato, wafunda kahle ifilosofi yakhe, kodwa, nokho, kube sesimeni ukugxekwa. Lokho u-Aristotle kungokwalabo ibinzana owaziwa kaPlato, ubungani futhi iqiniso. Imisebenzi ka-Aristotle ziqondiswe umphakathi jikelele, walondoloza Nokho, kuphela izingcezwana eziyizinsalela, imisebenzi senzelwe abafundi ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla.

Igama elithi "Metaphysics" eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa ne nokufakwa Andronika Rodosskogo ngubani baqoqa imisebenzi ka-Aristotle. Iqoqo yemisebenzi yakhe lalinabashumayeli amabhuku 14: lusebenza ku logic, natural sciences, incwadi nenhlalakahle, umsebenzi imithetho yokuziphatha, sobuhle bayo, biology kanye nezombusazwe. Metaphysics iye yabizwa ngokuthi i-sigaba kokuba itholakala emva izifundo eziphathelene ne-physics (eyahunyushwa isuselwa Greek - "meta" kusho "ngale").

I Metaphysics of isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki lasendulo bachazela isifundiso izimiso zokuqala, okuyinto wabeka kuyisisekelo sokuhlakanipha. Metaphysics-Aristotle uchaza izizathu ezine phezulu ngokuba (zingabantu imisuka). Kunalokho kaPlato isakhiwo ezinyunyana (izwe izinto, izwe imibono nezinto ezidaliwe), wasikisela a ehlanganisa ezimbili kuphela ababaluleke futhi ifomu. Metaphysics-Aristotle kanje:

1. Matter, noma konke okukhona elibanzi - ngokuzimela owayebukele. Matter akunakubhubha waphakade, yokwenziwa kanye inert, lungaba ukuvela ezihlukahlukene izinto. Udaba eyinhloko kubonakala ngesimo izakhi emihlanu, bayizithunywa zakhi - emoyeni, umlilo, amanzi, umhlaba, nempahla wasezulwini - ether.
2. Ifomu. Kusukela ndaba okuyisidina Uthishanhloko Isizathu kudala ezihlukahlukene amafomu. Genesise into ubunye ifomu kanye ndaba, ne ukuma kusho ukuqala esebenzayo futhi zokudala.
3. Oyinhloko walelo zonke izinhlobo, phezulu kanye imbangela yonke, eqhubeka futhi kuNkulunkulu ongunaphakade. Iveza isikhathi lapho ukuqala ukuba khona kwezinto.
4. Umgomo, noma "into." Ukuba khona into ngayinye buyafaneleka nganoma iyiphi injongo; umgomo eliphakeme muhle.

Njengoba kubonakala ngenhla, esisodwa sezigaba main wefilosofi Kuwo wonke umlando walo kusukela endulo kuze kube namuhla isibe umqondo okuqalwe Aristotle ukubeka. Physics isifundo imihlola inhloso, Metaphysics futhi ihlola ukuthi kukhonani ngale imihlola ngokomzimba , futhi ukhonza ngiyimbangela yazo. imiqondo phambili kungabonwa ku yesimanje sinonimayzinge amazwi: elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo - ezingabonwayo, unmanifested, ekahle, ngemilingo.

Metaphysics Aristotle uthi ubunye impahla kanye ekahle, ifomu futhi ndaba. Ngesisekelo imithetho yemvelo phezu ukuxhumana bahlukene - sezinsuku ezingu-ebusuku, ezinhle-okubi, kwabesilisa nabesifazane, phezulu-phansi, akha umlilo, emoyeni, emanzini nasezweni, futhi esikhulile zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo nomunye
sibonga amandla nokuxhumana. Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, izimfanelo qualitative of nature eyinhloko maqondana ambalwa.

Isigaba sokuqala sale cognition Aristotle izimangalo elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo bezibona sezinzwa ngokusebenzisa umuzwa. Logic, ngaphandle okuyinto ulwazi akunakwenzeka, u-Aristotle ibheka isayensi organic, ngoba i-instrument (organon) isifundo zokuphila. Ephakeme esiteji esisodwa - ulwazi okunengqondo - ukuthola ukufana ezenzakalweni ngabanye nezinto.

Inzuzo enkulu ye Metaphysics yingqondo yomuntu Aristotle ubiza.