Impumuzo-Atlantic Ocean phansi. Izici eziyinhloko ngempumuzo Atlantic Ocean phansi

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngempumuzo Atlantic Ocean phansi. Lokhu isihloko e imithombo eminingi uvezwa okukha phezulu. Ngakho-ke olufanele abaningi lo mbuzo: "? Ngingalutholaphi incazelo Atlantic Ocean" Ngezinye izikhathi sidinga balifundisise ngale ndaba. Kulesi sihloko esiye sazama ngangokunokwenzeka dalula indaba.

Njengoba echaza sendawo phansi i-Atlantic Ocean, siphawula ukuthi Mid-Atlantic Ridge - elementi zako ezisemqoka orographic. Ngokusho endaweni nguye kuphela kancane esingaphansi nasemifantwini ephansi olwandle (24.6% kanye 37,6% ngokulandelana). Zonke ulwandle yokhalo ehlukanisa izingxenye ezimbili. Ziyakwazi mayelana alinganayo ngosayizi. Ukwaziswa Okumayelana Atlantic Ocean, kanye nolwazi jikelele lwesifundo kuzokuvumela ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini sengozini ngazo kulesi sihloko. Ukuze ukumela kangcono indawo olwandle lapho sinesithakazelo, siphakamisa yazi nge ikhadi.

Ukuze entshonalanga yokhalo lesemkhatsini

Newfoundland yokhalo elise entshonalanga yokhalo maphakathi no-ulwandle. Plateau Rio Grande, ephakamisela Ceará, Ridge Barracuda kanye Bermuda ithafa, kanye emisebenzi we-Atlantic Ridge futhi margin yezwekazi ngaphansi kwamanzi, kwahlukaniswe nengxenye esentshonalanga ekujuleni kolwandle e-Argentina, eBrazil, Guiana (laseGuyana), ye-North American, Newfoundland and Labrador Basin . Norwegian-Greenland Basin kanye Baffin Sea ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengengxenye izilwandle ezahlukene - Arctic.

Labrador futhi Newfoundland Basin

Siyaqhubeka indaba okungukuthi impumuzo-Atlantic Ocean phansi. Chaza kafushane imicengezi ezimbili - Newfoundland and Labrador (the last ukujula esiphezulu - 5160 metres). Basuke, eqinisweni, bakha yisikhungo esisodwa. Iningi lazo oluthatha flat ethafeni abyssal. Emazweni ase Meridian isiqondiso ke kweqa esigodini abyssal Hazen. Newfoundland Basin siyayizwa yokhalo eningizimu igama elifanayo. He is, njengoba kuboniswa zokuzamazama komhlaba cwaningo ahlukahlukene acoustic ukunqwabelana ifomu giant, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukuhamba ekujuleni kolwandle imisinga impahla sedimentary.

North imicengezi American, Guiana futhi Ceará

North American Basin - lokhu ingenye imicengezi ngobukhulu eziphawula ngempumuzo Atlantic Ocean phansi. Incazelo emfushane yalo uzoqhubeka indaba yethu. I ezizungeze ukujula esikhulu kunazo 7110 amamitha. Bermuda ithafa itholakala cishe maphakathi esenyakatho ingxenye. Iphinde egqanyisiwe wentaba-mlilo Massif Corner (ngenye ngokuthi bephakamisa emincane) neNtaba Kelvin. Wavy ethafeni abyssal elisukela Bermuda ithafa eningizimu. Azungeze umcengezi flat emathafeni abyssal Nares, Hatteras futhi eyikati. North American Basin izungezwe eningizimu-ntshonalanga kusukela Blake-Bahamas Ridge, kanye yangaphandle Antilles kushaft. Kugcine ubabonisa eduze Puerto Rico Trench. Kuhlukanisa, nge yokhalo blocky Barracuda, esisogwini kumdlalo bayo, Guiana umcengezi kusukela North American. Inflow terrigene sedimentary impahla inikeza ukuthuthukiswa sekucishe kwenteka yonkhe indzawo eflethini abyssal emathafeni ngokuthi Demerara ethafeni ngaphakathi Guiana eziyize. Guiana Basin has a ka 5109 amamitha ukujula esiphezulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga okuyingxenye, esibonakala ikakhulu elinamagquma. ephakamisa Small obujwayelekile Ceará nzima eliphahlwe izintabamlilo kwamanzi, it is ehlukanisiwe somfula Ceará. Ukujula esikhulu kunazo 4700 amamitha sokugcina. Phansi umcengezi kuhlala leli thafa eliyisicaba of the gama elifanayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe enye 2 izigodi abyssal. Lena Wild, okuyinto imbobo ukujula sifinyelela 250 amamitha (uxhuma Guiana futhi North American imicengezi) kanye Pernambuco (uxhuma Brazilian futhi Guiana Basin).

Brazilian Basin

Lo mgodi omkhulu kunayo engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-ocean - Brazil. Lapha, kwaba ukukhululeka Atlantic Ocean phansi ikakhulukazi elinamagquma. Ethafeni Pernambuco, endaweni encane, alenzi sinententezo. Submarine izintaba-mlilo sebuningini e umcengezi Brazilian. Ezinye kuyanda ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ukwakha siqhingi sentaba-mlilo (Martin wena, Trinidad, Fernando de Noronha). Latitudinal esishintshashintshayo iphutha indawo seamounts ndaba.

Brazilian Basin uyashiywa ithafa eningizimu Rio Grande kusukela Argentina. Lukhuni sezwe yasethafeni. seamounts ngamunye ahlule evele ithafa-like.

Eastern ingxenye ine uhlobo yokhalo, ungumthombo ongumngcingo, flat-isipikili. Ibanga ohlangothini Meridian. Phakathi ohlangothini yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika ithafa siphela Wim - esigodini abyssal ngokusebenzisa ogeleza amanzi kusuka phansi Argentina elisemcengezini Brazilian. Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi phansi Argentina kuthatha ethafeni inamagquma. Flat, ithafa elincane abyssal isendaweni onqenqemeni esentshonalanga nomcengezi itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu kwekulu accumulative U-shape - yokhalo Sapiola. Ukwakheka kwabo lihlotshaniswa ngokuletha nefeloidov, emafektri phansi phezu Antarctic. Esikhathini umcengezi Argentina ka seamounts enkulu akutholakali Nokho, ukuzamazama komhlaba amaphrofayli acoustic idlulisele ukwaziswa ukuthi ezintabeni eziningana, ukuphakama isihlobo ifinyelela 2-2.5 km, wangcwatshwa ngaphansi ungqimba inzika.

Yuzhnoantilsky kushaft yangaphandle - Ovodova ukuphakamisa, etholakala eningizimu ye-Argentina Basin. Afrika-Antarctic Basin amanga kwabanhlempu eningizimu, phakathi Antarctica maphakathi no-ocean lamagquma. umngcele esinikelweko phakathi Indian Ocean futhi Atlantic eyenziwa emhlabeni by 20 ° in. d. Ukucabangela lesi umkhawulo, kuphela engxenyeni esentshonalanga umcengezi nge thafa eliyisicaba abyssal ngokuthi Weddell itholakala e-Atlantic Ocean. Relief amagquma abyssal ejwayelekile ye engxenyeni esenyakatho umcengezi.

Lokho ngesikhathi i-Atlantic Ocean ukujula abasengxenyeni esempumalanga ngakho?

Impumuzo phansi olwandle ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi heterogeneous, yakhiwa izakhi eziningi. Atlantic Ocean iyathinteka. embhedeni wakhe esempumalanga libhekene khona lateral noma Azores-Biscay yokhalo afanayo Gorringe, ephakamisela le Cape Verde Islands futhi abantu abalisebenzisayo eziQhingini zaseCanary, Plateau Sierra Leone, Guinea Umkhomo yokhalo lift. Kuhlukanisa yonke ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi olwandle Western Europe (ukujula esiphezulu - 5023 metres), Canary (6549 metres), Iberia (5815 metres), Sierra Leone (6040 metres), Cape Verde (7282 metres), Angolan (6050 metres), Guinea (5215 metres) kanye Cape (5457 metres) umcengezi. Phakathi Rockall, ekuphakameni kwamanzi kanye Iceland-Faroe embundwini Western Europe kuyize.

West-European Basin

Phansi umcengezi - ikakhulukazi inamagquma ethafeni abyssal, kuphela Bay of Biscay, kanye kuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-ke welulela thafa eliyisicaba ka Bizkaia. Enyakatho kuya eningizimu phansi inqunywe abyssal ezinkulu Dolinoy Mori, ogama obuphelele imayelana 3500 km. Kuyinto morphologically efana esigodini Hazen. Isigodi kuhambisana phezu imiphini esikhulu accumulative, lafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha 50. ekuqongeleleni amafomu amabili elikhulu ivelele engxenyeni esenyakatho umcengezi. Lokhu 'sedimentary emikhulu "Feni futhi Gardar. kumiswa yabo lihlotshaniswa amandla ukuba angene e-Iceland-Faroe embundwini sedimentary impahla. Iberia eziyize, yayincane, odluliswayo engxenyeni flat emaphakathi yasethafeni abyssal. Nge Biscay ethafeni ke uxhuma Tet umhosha.

Eningizimu ye-Iberia Basin

Ngempumuzo phansi Atlantic Ocean lize lifike eningizimu Iberia Basin yisiphambano kakhulu. Lokhu kuthonywa khona lapha yokhalo Gorindzh, vimba-mlilo kanye ngwenya entabeni igama elifanayo, ephakamisela Madeira futhi iqembu nezinye seamounts. Izici eziyinhloko ngempumuzo nasemifantwini ephansi olwandle i-Atlantic endaweni lihlanganise khona eziningi ngwenya mlilo. Ngo ukwakheka kobuso phansi Zelenomysskoy nomgodi Canaria olunzulu (ka 6549 amamitha ukujula esiphezulu) kungenziwa wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha amathathu submeridional: empumalanga, uqweqwe wasolwandle ngaphakathi okuyinto embozwe ngokuphelele luthi ukutsheka ethafeni unyawo izwekazi; emathafeni isilinganiso abyssal, flat futhi eliwumngcingo; entshonalanga rolling. Imisuka wekhasi yezwekazi lase-Afrika futhi ukuphakamisa wentaba-mlilo seziqhingi zaseCanary Islands (4 nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo - omunye wabo) kanye Cape Verde Islands nge mlilo. Konke lokhu kanye kubabangele ngaphezulu ne-Atlantic Ocean ukujula.

ngesivinini kakhulu (7-7,3 km / s) amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba kuyahluka ephakamisa Sierra Leone. Lokhu kungenxa yethula emadwaleni uqweqwe ultrabasic kanye metamorphism enamandla kwamadwala cortex ahlukahlukene. Phansi kwalezi imicengezi njengoba Guinea Sierra Leone matasa emathafeni flat, okuyinto elizungezwe amagquma abyssal. I yalezi ayimigodi ukujula enkulu ngokulandelana 5212 futhi 6040 amamitha.

ECameroon iphutha zone

Wide kokuphakama Guinean eqhubeka e enyakatho-mpumalanga yasethafeni lava, neqembu elikhulu futhi uhlala e-ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi Mid-Atlantic Ridge, eduze Saint Helena. ECameroon iphutha zone kunazo isici sezakhi zalokhu lift. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso izakhiwo wentaba-mlilo seamount Shirshov naseziqhingini Palanga, Principe, Sao Tome ne Macias Nguema ,, Biyogo. Rift Valley ngaphezulu eqhubeka ngaphakathi laseAfrika. Cameroon, nentaba-mlilo eqhumayo, futhi eziningana Central Sahrawi, phakathi lapho kukhona nezenzo ezihambisana naso.

Angola Basin

Phansi okuyinto amanga kwabanhlempu eningizimu-mpumalanga nangaseningizimu-Guinea, ukhulisa umcengezi Angolan futhi ivinjiwe izitimela kakhulu enalokho kuthambekela unyawo ezwekazini, kuhlanganise enkulu Congo doti Isigaxa, i canyon kwamanzi. seamount Group itholakala ekhoneni aseningizimu Angola Basin. Lezi ezintabeni babe isizinda abavamile. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubo - of Vyurst (ukuphakama kwalo isihlobo imayelana 4 km).

Walvis yokhalo

Walvis Ridge - entabeni isakhiwo blocky. Siqukethe amabhlogo ezintathu ezinkulu, ahlukaniswa Saddles. ridge Umkhomo libhekene isicaba ebusweni apical kanye emithambekeni emaweni. Ukufana ebusweni apical uxhumeke elikhulu (futhi mhlawumbe ayinhloko) ikholomu degree ne ekuqongeleleni limescale.

Cape Basin

Kutholwe eningizimu Walvis Ridge Cape Basin libhekene yokuthi lapha ithuthukiswe ikakhulukazi impumuzo abyssal amagquma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekujuleni Atlantic Ocean pose lapha eziningi ezintabeni mlilo. Basuke bagxila ikakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu umcengezi. Imininingwane ezintabeni iqembu okuhlukana-Cape Agulhas Basin umcengezi. Agulhas bubonakala ikakhulu njengengxenye embhedeni we-Indian Ocean. Kuyinto morphologically afana Cape Basin.

Manje uyazi ukuthi hlobo luni sezwe phansi Atlantic Ocean has okwamanje. Ubizwa kancane kokushintsha, nakuba izinguquko eziphawulekayo ezenzeka kancane kakhulu. Phela amazwekazi bayaphola ngesivinini mayelana 1-2 kuphela cm ngonyaka. Okunye izinqubo anomthelela, futhi uqhubeke kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izici eziyinhloko ngempumuzo Atlantic Ocean phansi zihlala zinjalo.

Kuchazwa kanjani-ke izici ngempumuzo Atlantic Ocean?

Kungani phansi kududuza ukuthi kuyini lokho? Asivume. Izici ukuthi babe ngempumuzo ekujuleni kolwandle, ososayensi manje bakwazi ukuchaza izizathu eziqondile. Ikakhulu, i-Atlantic Ocean kukholakala zimiswe ngenxa ukuvuleka kwegebe lavuleka maphakathi yokhalo endaweni-Mid-Atlantic. Zonke izici isakhiwo kanye nesimo sendawo we ekujuleni kolwandle ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi 4 amapuleti main (Antarctic, Afrika, eYurophu nase-Asia nase-American) kuthiwa Okusizayo wathutha.

Umlando ekuhloleni i-Atlantic Ocean waqala endulo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukujula yayo akukaqondakali ngokugcwele. Kungenzeka ukuthi umlando Atlantic Ocean uzoqhubeka ukufunda izinto ezintsha futhi kujabulise.