Izici isakhiwo kwezicubu EPITHELIAL. Kwebalingisi kwezicubu EPITHELIAL

Uhlobo ngalunye izicubu has a sebuningini izici isici. Baqamba amanga kule izici isakhiwo, iqoqo nokusebenza, umsuka, ubunjalo indlela update. Elichaza lezi kwezicubu kungaba ngemibandela eziningana, kodwa ezivame kakhulu izenzo morfofunktcionalnaja sokusebenzisana. esigabeni okunjalo kwezicubu ivumela kakhulu olunzulu futhi olufanele elichaza uhlobo ngalunye. Kuye izici morphological futhi functional ukuhlukanisa okulandelayo izinhlobo izicubu: EPITHELIAL (isembozo), zemisipha futhi ethukile imisipha trophic.

Ikakhulukazi isakhiwo kwezicubu EPITHELIAL: morphological jikelele nezibonakaliso obusebenzayo

It libhekisela epithelium leqembu izindwangu, esakazwa emzimbeni. Abakwazi ziyehluka imvelaphi, okusho ukuthuthukisa kusukela yi-ectoderm, mesoderm noma endoderm, ne imisebenzi ehlukene.

Uhlu ezivamile izici morphological futhi functional nobuntu kwezicubu EPITHELIAL:

1. It siqukethe abizwa ngokuthi amaseli EPITHELIAL. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ezicashile intermembrane igebe lapho kungekho izidakamizwa intercellular. It, esikhundleni salokho, has eziyinkimbinkimbi nadmembranny (glycocalyx). Kungenxa amaseli zakhe ufaka into, futhi ngaye zihlobene iseli efanayo.

2. Amangqamuzana EPITHELIAL izicubu kukhona aminyene kakhulu, okubangela kumiswa izingqimba. Kuyinto yobukhona babo ivumela izicubu ukwenza imisebenzi yaso. Izindlela lamaseli komunye nomunye kungaba ezahlukene: nge desmosomes, igebe noma oxhumana nabo eduze.

3. Coupling futhi EPITHELIAL kwezicubu, okuyinto ahlelwe eyodwa ngaphezu kwamanye, sabela ulwelwesi basal ehlanganisa amaprotheni kanye carbohydrate. Uhlonze lwalo 100 nm - 1 Micron. Ngaphakathi epithelia kungekho imithambo yegazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho diffusely yabo inikwa amandla yi-ulwelwesi engaphansi.

4. Ukuze amaseli EPITHELIAL libhekene polarity morphofunctional. Bangabaholi basal isigxobo apical. I-nucleus lamaseli EPITHELIAL elise kakhudlwana basal, futhi cishe zonke cytoplasm isezingeni apical. Kungase kube amahlukuzo cilia futhi microvilli.

5. EPITHELIAL kwezicubu zihlukile ikhono kahle ichazwe yokuvuselela. Basuke izimpawu khona isiqu namaseli umahluko cambium.

Izindlela ezahlukene ngezigaba

Ngokuya ukuvela amaseli EPITHELIAL kwakhiwa ngaphambi kwamanye amangqamuzana izicubu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela ukurhunyezwa zomzimba kusukela imvelo bangaphandle. Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ijwabu EPITHELIAL zinemisebenzi eziningana emzimbeni. Ngokusho lesi sici, ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo izindwangu: integumentary, ukuncela, excretory, nezinye secretory. Ukwahlukanisa kwezicubu EPITHELIAL morphologically ku-akhawunti ukuma futhi inani izingqimba EPITHELIAL kwetinhlavu. Ngakho, ukwaba kwezicubu olulodwa futhi multi-egqinsiwe EPITHELIAL.

Izimpawu olulodwa-ungqimba, epithelia olulodwa

Izici isakhi i izicubu EPITHELIAL ebizwe olulodwa-ungqimba, itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kwesigubhu siqukethe isendlalelo esisodwa amaseli. Lapho wonke amaseli zinezikhathi kumiswa lobulinganako ukuthi bakhuluma ngani olulodwa-isendlalelo esisodwa-irowu epithelium. ukuphakama EPITHELIAL kubangela ngezigaba okwalandela, owawuthi ibonisa indiza umzimba, cubic kanye cylindrical (prismatic) owodwa umugqa owodwa-ungqimba epithelium.

Single-ungqimba epithelium squamous ka izifunda yenziwe yaba yasendaweni kwamaphaphu ku zokuphefumula (alveoli), ezincane Amapayipi nezindlala, testes, maphakathi indlebe ingaphakathi, ulwelwesi serous (mesothelium). Kwakheka kusukela mesoderm.

Ngokwengxenye kwasendaweni monolayer kukhona cuboidal epithelium Amapayipi nezindlala futhi tubules nezinso. Ubude nobubanzi cishe amaseli afanayo, nuclei kukhona oyindilinga futhi zitholakala endaweni maphakathi esitokisini. Umsuka zingase zihluke.

Lolu hlobo lwe-single-isendlalelo esisodwa-irowu EPITHELIAL izicubu njengoba cylindrical (columnar) epithelium, ise-pheshana emathunjini, Amapayipi we nezindlala, kwezinso ukubuthwa mapayipi. Ukuphakama amaseli kakhulu mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ububanzi. It has a umsuka ezahlukene.

Izimpawu olulodwa-ungqimba multi-irowu epithelium ciliated

Uma izicubu olulodwa-ungqimba EPITHELIAL yakha isendlalelo amaseli eziphakeme ezahlukene, bese sikhuluma multi-irowu epithelium ciliated. Lokhu imigqa izicubu kobuso yomoya futhi Kwezinye izingxenye uhlelo zokuzala (ipheshana kwesidoda futhi jajtceprovodov) izici isakhi EPITHELIAL izicubu uhlobo liqukethe yokuthi amaseli kwakhona ka ezintathu izinhlobo: ejotshelelwayo esifushane, eside ciliated futhi goblet. Bonke ahlelwe isendlalelo esisodwa, kodwa amaseli ejotshelelwayo musa sifinyelele emaphethelweni engenhla kwesigubhu. Lapho esakhula, bona ukuhlukanisa futhi babe ciliated noma goblet. Isici kuba phambi cells ciliated ngaleso pole apical of inqwaba cilia, amaseli goblet ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza slime.

Ukwahlukanisa begodu nesakhiwo epithelium wakubo

amaseli EPITHELIAL ungakheka ezelekene. Basuke etholakala omunye ngaphezu kwezinye, ngakho-ke, ukuthintana ngqo nge ulwelwesi engaphansi likhona kuphela etholakala kakhulu kakhulu, ungqimba basal lamaseli EPITHELIAL. Iqukethe stem cells futhi cambial. Njengoba ukuhlukanisa ke ezihambayo phandle. Umbandela wokuthola kusigaba ukuma ikusasa amaseli. Ngakho ukwaba wakubo keratinizing squamous, wakubo squamous epithelium neorogovevayuschy futhi ushintsho.

Izimpawu wakubo squamous epithelium keratinized

Kwakheka kusukela yi-ectoderm. Kule izicubu yakhiwa epidermis, okuyinto ungqimba ebusweni isikhumba, bese ingxenye ukuphela kwe-ingemuva. Izici isakhiwo yalolu hlobo kwezicubu EPITHELIAL ayatholakala izingqimba ezinhlanu amaseli: i-basal, spinous, luyimbudumbudu, acwebezelayo futhi Horny.

Isendlalelo basal kuyinto umugqa owodwa ubude cylindrical amaseli. Ziyakwazi uvalwe eboshiwe ulwelwesi engaphansi futhi unekhono nokuzala. I ukushuba we ungqimba spinous ivela imigqa 4 kuya kwezingu-8 amaseli izihlahla ezinameva. Esikhathini ungqimba luyimbudumbudu - imigqa 2-3 amaseli. amaseli EPITHELIAL abe ukuma esiyisicaba, core obukhulu. ungqimba Shiny - eziningana amaseli befa 2-3. Esiseduzane kobuso corneum stratum, yakhiwa sebuningini lemigqa (100) yakha amaseli flat efile. Lokhu izikali Horny, lapho kukhona yi-keratin yi-keratin.

Inhloso yalolu izicubu ukuvikela izicubu ezijulile ekulimaleni zangaphandle.

izici isakhi wakubo squamous epithelium neorogovevayuschy

Kwakheka kusukela yi-ectoderm. Ezindaweni of kwasendaweni kukhona cornea, ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, emphinjeni kanye ingxenye isisu abanye kwezilwane. It has izingqimba ezintathu: i-basal, prickly futhi flat. Isendlalelo basal nabo ulwelwesi engaphansi siqukethe amaseli prismatic kokuba nuclei enkulu okusaqanda kancane saya isigxobo apical. Amaseli we lesi sendlalelo, ukwabelana, qala sinyukela. Ngakho, kabasebabili nabo ulwelwesi engaphansi badlulele ungqimba prickly. Lena amangqamuzana amaningana of okungajwayelekile ukuma zikanhlangothiningi, futhi kuyi-nucleus okweqanda. ungqimba Prickly iba indawo - flat ungqimba ukushuba lamaseli 2-3.

epithelium zesikhashana

Ukwahlukanisa kwezicubu EPITHELIAL sihlinzekela okuthiwa epithelium zesikhashana kwakhiwa kusukela mesoderm. Kwasendaweni - ukhalo kwezinso, ureter futhi avikele ulwelwesi lwesinye. Ezintathu zamatshe amaseli (basal, Lesisemkhatsini, bese enamathela) ahlukile kakhulu isakhiwo. Ukuze ungqimba basal libhekene khona cambial amaseli elincane ezihlukile elele ulwelwesi basal. Lesisemkhatsini ungqimba amaseli ukukhanya esikhulu, inani lemigqa kungaba ezahlukene. It kuncike kanjani umzimba ugcwele. Amaseli enamathela ungqimba kukhona ngisho ezinkudlwana, basuke libhekene cores amaningi, noma polyploidy, bayakwazi ukukhulula isikhwehlela, okuyinto evimbela ukwakheka kobuso kusukela contact eziyingozi umchamo.

epithelium yezindlala

EPITHELIAL izicubu kwebalingisi belingaphelele ngaphandle incazelo isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi lo okuthiwa epithelium yezindlala. Lolu hlobo izicubu zisakazwa umzimba, amaseli ayo ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza futhi secrete izinto ezikhethekile - izimfihlo. I isayizi, simo, isakhiwo amaseli yezindlala wehlukile ngempela, njengoba ukwakheka kanye izimfihlo lunye.

Inqubo lapho izimfihlo akhiwa ngokwanele ukuqhutshwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ngezigaba eziningana futhi ubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo secretory.

Izici isakhiwo kwezicubu EPITHELIAL akhiwa amangqamuzana yezindlala, ngenxa ngokuyinhloko nenhloso yayo. Ngoba kwakhiwa lolu hlobo ndwangu emizimbeni, umsebenzi oyinhloko elizokuba imfihlo isizukulwane. Lezi zitho ngokuthi nezindlala.