Igazi libhekisela izicubu, futhi kungani?

Abantu abaningi ngisho nokuwabona ukuthi igazi kungokwalabo ezicutshini. Iningi labantu likholelwa ukuthi lolu ketshezi inhlanganisela sebuningini izinto engasekho. Nokho, akunjalo. Igazi - a ezicutshini kokuba umbala obomvu futhi njalo motion. Lolu ketshezi owenza emzimbeni imisebenzi ebalulekile futhi kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi. It ukhiphela igazi ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi njalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, athwala bonke izakhi ezidingekayo yamagesi umzimba kanye solutes. Kodwa kungani athwala igazi ezicutshini? Kuyinto uketshezi.

igazi ukwakheka

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukusebenzisa izicubu kwegazi, futhi ngani, kufanele ucabangele imisebenzi yayo hhayi kuphela eyisisekelo, kodwa futhi isakhiwo. Kuyini lokhu? Igazi izicubu akhiwa amangqamuzana ne-plasma. Ngakho element ngayinye yenza imisebenzi ethile kanye anezakhi lalo.

Plasma kuyinto kakhulu ketshezi esobala elinendawo tint kancane aphuzi. Le ngxenye yakha ingxenye enkulu umthamo isamba igazi emzimbeni womuntu. I-plasma siqukethe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko izakhi ifomu:

1. Ama-platelet I - platelet ukuthi babe kobujamo obusaqanda noma eyindilinga.
2. Leukocyte - amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.
3. amaseli abomvu egazi - amangqamuzana abomvu, anikeza igazi le nombala, ngenxa yokuqukethwe eliphezulu elithwala umoya-mpilo.

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi singakanani ketshezi kuqukethwe umzimba wethu. Ngokwe-Isimiso somuntu sokujikeleza kwegazi njalo ukhiphela mayelana 4-5 amalitha igazi. Ngakho u-55% umthamo Imininingwane elalihlala plasma, futhi amaphesenti asele kuwele izakhi okwenyanga ezakha kakhulu erythrocyte kwaba - 90%.

haematic

Ngakho, ukuze izicubu zihlanganisa igazi, ecacile ucishe. Yilokho nje hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lolu ketshezi angase abe ezihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, igazi eliya ngokusebenzisa lemithambo ingena lokuqala inhliziyo ovela emaphashini bese ibhebhetheka kulo oxygen umzimba. It has a bright ebomvu umbala. Ngemva izicubu izokwabiwa ngu element O _2, igazi ageleza emuva enhliziyweni ngemithambo. Lapha, uketshezi iba mnyama.

izakhiwo igazi

Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Indwangu zihlanganisa igazi futhi yini izindawo? Ngizakuthini ekuqaleni ukuthi lokhu akukona nje ketshezi. Le into, viscosity zazo kuncike iphesenti nokuqukethwe kwalo amaprotheni erythrocyte. Lezi izindawo ezithinta ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya, kanye nomfutho wegazi. Kuyinto ukuhamba izingxenye ukwakheka kanye kwabantu ketshezi ngenxa izicubu inzuzo. egazi Hlukanisa ukuhambisa ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukuhambisa, ngabanye kuphela, kodwa futhi babehlangana ngamaqembu amancane, isibonelo, lokhu kusebenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Lezi zici kwakhiwa ayakwazi ukuthuthela maphakathi isitsha ngesimo "kushe" abafana zemali atakiwe. Yiqiniso, abomvu egazi ashaye futhi zingasuswa ngamunye. Ngokuqondene amangqamuzana amhlophe ngokuvamile, ahlala eduze Imithambo yegazi futhi esisodwa kuphela.

Uyini-plasma?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukusebenzisa igazi ijwabu kufanele icatshangelwe ngokucophelela izingxenye zalo. Uyini-plasma? Le ngxenye igazi uketshezi yokukhanya umbala ophuzi. Kuyinto cishe esobala. luhlaza zayo zibangelwa khona ukubunjwa yayo izinhlayiya ezinemibala sombala nenyongo. Plasma imayelana 90% lamanzi. Umqulu asele elalihlala namaminerali ziyoncibilika izinto eziwuketshezi organic. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isakhiwo yayo akuyona njalo. Amaphesenti yezingxenye esifanayo angahluka. Lezi zinombolo zincike uhlobo ukudla washisa, kanjani nosawoti abaningi kwaba kanye angakanani amanzi. Ukwakheka izinto e-plasma ezilandelayo:

1. 1% - amaminerali, kuhlanganise potassium, magnesium, insimbi, i-calcium, i-sodium cations, i-iodine sulphur, i-phosphorus, i-chlorine anions.
2. izinto eziphilayo, phakathi okuyinto mayelana 2% uric, acidosis nezinye acid, ama-amino acid kanye amafutha, 7% protein ne mayelana 0.1% glucose.

Ukwakheka plasma

Amaphrotheni ayingxenye yi-plasma, benza izenzo ezibonisa ahileleke exchange of amanzi, kanye nokusakazwa kwayo phakathi wegazi nezicubu uketshezi. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona yonke imisebenzi kulezi zingxenye. Ngenxa amaprotheni igazi iba viscous ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingxenye kukhona amasosha omzimba iwukudambisa ejenti angaphandle emzimbeni. indima ethize fibrinogen - amaprotheni encibilikayo. Le into ehilelekile inqubo igazi ekunqandeni. Ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezithile ukukhanya ke uguqulwe fibrin, okuyinto zingaxazululeki.

Igazi iphathelene uhlobo izicubu imisebenzi ethize emzimbeni. Ukwakheka kwalo uhlukile. I-plasma iphinde iqukethe i-hormone ekhiqizwa yi-nezindlala endocrine. Ukwakheka le ngxenye igazi sihlanganisa izinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukusebenza evamile umzimba. Njengoba ungalindela, le izakhi bioactive.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-plasma lapho kungekho fibrinogen Ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi serum.

erythrocyte

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukusebenzisa izicubu igazi futhi kungani kufanele ucabangele ngokucophelela ngezithako zawo kodwa futhi lokho imisebenzi yenziwe izingxenye ezithile nje kuphela. Futhi akuzona okungaka. Iningi igazi iqukethe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Lezi zingxenye bakha kusuka 44 kuya 48% of the volume ingqikithi. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi namangqamuzana ukuthi isimo amadiski, biconcave maphakathi. ubukhulu yabo imayelana 7.5 microns. Leli fomu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kwandisa nekusebenta zonke izinqubo bokuphila. Ngenxa concavity kwamaseli abe indawo enkulu. Lokhu isici kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba negesi lokushintshisana kangcono. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ovuthiwe zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi akudingeki nuclei. Umsebenzi oyinhloko idatha kwamangqamuzana egazi - ukudluliswa kusuka emaphashini kwamanye amathishu nemiyo ezibalulekile njengomoya-mpilo. Leli qiniso kusikisela ukuthi igazi osebenza ku indwangu, okuyinto wenza ezokuthutha imisebenzi.

I izakhiwo eziyisisekelo erythrocyte

igama erythrocyte elihunyushwe kusuka lesiGreki lisho "obomvu." umthunzi waso amaseli ziyadingeka amaprotheni-hemoglobin. Le into ine isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi okwaziyo ukubophezela nomoya-mpilo. Njengengxenye hemoglobin kwatholakala izingxenyana eziningana eziyinhloko: amaprotheni - ngibopha globulin, futhi okungezona amaprotheni equkethe yensimbi. Indaba yokugcina ivumela amaseli ukunamathisela kunomoya-mpilo.

Kwakheka abomvu egazi, ngokuvamile umnkantsha. nokuvuthwa Okugcwele kwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu. Isikhathi sokuphila abomvu egazi ashaye - hhayi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-120. Lezi maseli libhujiswa isibindi ubende. Kulokhu, i-hemoglobin ahlahlele ku globulin futhi okungezona amaprotheni izingxenye. Kukhona ukukhululwa yensimbi ion. Babuyela njalo umnkantsha futhi zisetshenziselwa ukudala kabusha amangqamuzana egazi. Ngemva yokukhululwa yensimbi non-amaprotheni ingxenye-hemoglobin is kuguquka bilirubin - Bile sombala, okuyinto iya kanye Bile ku ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Ukwehlisa izinga kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini lomuntu, ngokuvamile kuholela ukuthuthukiswa igazi noma unenkinga yegazi eliphansi.

leukocyte

Igazi libhekisela izicubu imvelo yangaphakathi. Ngaphezu plasma bese abomvu cell angaphakathi ke nazo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. La mangqamuzana baqiniseka kungekho nto enemibala emihle. Bona ukuvikela umzimba ekulweni ejenti elimazayo. Kulokhu, emangqamuzaneni egazi amhlophe zihlukaniswe nezernistye - agranulocytes futhi luyimbudumbudu - granulocytes. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama eosinophils, basophils, ama-neutrophil. Ahluke yokusabela kuya udayi ezithile. Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo lymphocyte luyimbudumbudu futhi monocytes. Sinenkosi elimbudumbudu ku cytoplasm futhi nucleus, okuyinto yakhiwa izingxenye.

Granulocytes ukuvikela umzimba ekulweni nezilwanyana ezincane. Lezi zingxenye bayakwazi buthelela ku ukuqubuka izifo futhi ushiye izitsha. Umsebenzi oyinhloko monocyte - ukumuncwa ejenti eziyingozi, nama-lymphocyte - ukukhiqizwa interferon kanye namasosha omzimba, kanye ukubhujiswa zamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

platelet

I yokwakheka igazi nazo ezifakwe, nama-platelet. Lawa amapuleti elincane, kungekho nto enemibala emihle futhi okungezona zenuzi, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, izinsalela lamaseli atholakala umnkantsha - megakaryocytes. Ubujamo platelet kungaba induku eliyindilinga, eyindilinga futhi okweqanda. Ukuphila kwabo sokuphila kubalulekile akukho izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-10. Umsebenzi oyinhloko platelet - ehilelekile izinqubo ezihlobene ne igazi ekunqandeni. Lezi egazi angaba ukukhulula izinto behileleka okuyinto eyingozi ezithile ukusebenzisa lapho esilimele igazi izindonga. Ngakho fibrinogen kancane kancane iguqulwe ukuze zingu fibrin zingaxazululeki. I amangqamuzana abomvu egazi babanjwa, futhi umphumela uba thrombus.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko igazi

Igazi, izindlala zamanzi izicubu kukhona, esizolokhu hhayi kuphela umoya-mpilo kanye nezinye izingxenye ezuzisayo izitho, kodwa futhi wenza imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana. Iqiniso lokuthi idatha uketshezi Kubalulekile umuntu, akekho ophikayo. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi yini edingekayo igazi.

Lokhu Indwangu wenza imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana:

1. Igazi iphathelene indwangu esivikela umzimba womuntu ngenxa yokulimala ehlukahlukene kanye nezifo. Kulokhu, indima esemqoka udlalwa yi-amhlophe egazi amaseli: monocytes futhi neutrophil. Bagijimela endaweni ethintekile ubuthe kule ndawo. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko - phagocytosis, ngamanye amagama - ukumuncwa nezilwanyana ezincane. Kulokhu, monocytes kukhona ama-macrophage kanye neutrophil - ukuba ama-macrophage. Mayelana nezinye izinhlobo leukocyte ezifana lymphocyte, bona akhiqiza amasosha omzimba okuyinto ancintisane ejenti elimazayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amangqamuzana egazi zinengxenye izicubu efile futhi zacekela emzimbeni.
2. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi igazi osebenza ku indwangu, okuyinto wenza ezokuthutha imisebenzi. Lezi izindawo ezibalulekile kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngemva ukugeleza kwegazi sithinta cishe zonke izinqubo, ezifana kwezimila futhi ukugaya. Liquid izicubu amaseli zasakazekela-mpilo umzimba futhi kususa carbon dioxide, imikhiqizo yokugcina kanye nezinto eziphilayo ohamba ngayo izakhi bioactive futhi hormone.

Umsebenzi ekhethekile wegazi

Igazi libhekisela izicubu izinga lokushisa. Lo luketshezi kuyadingeka ukuba umuntu ukusebenza evamile zonke izinhlaka. It ivumela igazi ukuze kulondolozwe izinga lokushisa njalo. Etifundvwenisisekelo evamile esebenzayo kuyahlukahluka kwibanga ewumngcingo - mayelana 37 ° C.