Icelandic milando: incazelo, izici, okuqukethwe kanye nokubuyekeza

Icelandic milando - uhlobo edume kakhulu izincwadi zaseScandinavia. Wazalwa cishe ngo-ngekhulu le-12, ngesikhathi lapho ezweni, ngokososayensi, kwakukhona ngokubhala. Nokho, ezinganekwaneni ngomlomo kanye namasiko yayikhona esikhathini esidlule, futhi kwakheka isisekelo misebenzi.

Incazelo emfushane

Icelandic milando - kuyinto temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, etshela bezikhathi zasendulo, hhayi kuphela isimo kodwa futhi ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane namazwe. Yingakho kukhona umthombo owusizo ngomlando emazweni aseScandinavia. Ngokuvamile, inkulumo ethi uhumusha "zizitshela". Uzungu usebenza nedatha ukuma kukhona isethulo ezahlukene ezinye inkululeko, ngokuchichima Fairytale Motifs avame zithandelana amaqiniso angempela esidlule. Amaqhawe lobalulekile wendzaba ngokuvamile baba amakhosi, amaqhawe, amakhosi. Ngakho, le milando Icelandic - uhlobo umlando izenzakalo, kodwa kuphela lokwethula kumnandi, ifomu semi edume. Nobunzima ukuqonda ezingokoqobo emlandweni kulezi imisebenzi ukuthi atholakala behlele kithi amakhophi, ama-editions yesibili, imibhalo yesandla kokuncane, okuyinto kunzima ngempela ukuthola imibhalo yokuqala.

Tales amakhosi

milando Icelandic zingahlukaniswa zibe amaqembu amaningana. Omunye izigaba ezivamile - indaba inkosi yaseNorway. Abanye imisebenzi ukutshela nababusi ngabanye, kodwa kukhona isifinyezo amaqoqo, ezifana "Umbuthano Zomhlaba" odumile, zabhalwa okuyinto kuthiwa kubangelwa ngalendoda odumile zakudala zaseScandinavia, imbongi, isazi-mlando futhi sikahulumeni Snorri Sturluson. Leli qoqo lihlanganisa uchungechunge izindaba kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo 1177. Kukhona Saga yenkosi Danish, isibonelo, omunye wabo liyakhuluma ngokuphela ngenye indlela endlini ebusayo estridsen.

Mayelana nomlando Icelandic futhi izinguqulo

Iqembu lesibili - yezinganekwane langempela mayelana iningi Iceland. Lemisebenti ingaphindze izigaba eziningana. Kukhona okuthiwa Saga ziyaphawuleka, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa babizwa ngokuthi "amanga", njengoba ezixoxwa phezu eminyaka esiqhingini ngaphambi kwamakoloni, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo kancane kakhulu eye yasinda. Ngakho-ke, umthombo wabo oyinhloko kwakungamadodana epics lasendulo, tinganekwane iculo, ngenhlanhla, efakiwe izinhlamvu ezitholakala Izinganekwane ezinye izizwe zamaJalimane.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke Saga Icelandic kulolu chungechunge - lena cishe "Legend clan umndeni sturlungar", abamele i uhlanga lasendulo abalwela inkululeko amandla. It libhekene izenzakalo lemininingwane ngobubona isithombe: umbhalo zingatholakala eziningi imininingwane amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo ngomlando esidlule yezwe. Iqembu lesibili lihlanganise Saga of ababhishobhi, ositshela mayelana ubudala abefundisi 11-14, kanye amasonto ezweni. Futhi ekugcineni, iqembu lesithathu - ukuthi lihunyushwe imisebenzi, enikelwe izenzakalo umlando nezinye izizwe zaseYurophu (ezifana "iThrojani Saga").

toponymy

Abavelele nezincwadi zaseScandinavia hlala zamaqhawe Iceland. Le misebenzi benezingane eziningi izici zayo ukuthi usethe kubo bahluke kwezinye imisebenzi lolu hlobo. Ziqukethe inqwaba izinkomba ezindawo, okuyinto, by the way, kunzima ukuba zihunyushelwe olimini Russian. Umbhalo zingatholakala amagama izici zokuma kwezwe hhayi kuphela kangaka ezifana imifula, amachibi, izintaba, kodwa futhi imizana, imizana, emizaneni. Izimo yokugcina alichaza yokuthi legend of lolu hlobo - it is ngokuyinhloko indaba yendoda, lapho kudalwa imisebenzi ephilayo endaweni ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, Icelandic "Saga Umkhomo" kusho igama Fjord, lapho umlingisi losemcoka wahlala. Konke lokhu amagama endaweni kubaluleke kakhulu kule ukuhlaziya imithombo, njengoba iqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nemvelo.

inkinga ngokomlando

Eyesibili sici nobuntu misebenzi - kuba ubuqiniso okubonakala Nokubhekana Namaqiniso. Iqiniso lokuthi abalobi zazikholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi namaqhawe ikhodi yabo olwalukhona, ngakho ngokuningiliziwe enkulu, ngisho babegcina echazwe izenzo zabo, izenzo, inkulumo mpendulwano, enika eyibhalela ikakhulukazi iyakholweka. Ososayensi abaningi ngisho "uthole" imibhalo, ivamile ukusithatha okungenhla iqiniso. Nokho, umlando kanye ezingokoqobo ethize zisabonakala, kodwa embozwe ungqimba ngetinganekwane enamandla yokuthi ukuhlukanisa iqiniso kweqanjiwe kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Umbuzo wombhali

Esikhathini esithile kule historiography ubuswa umbono wokuthi labo eqoshiwe Saga kwakungafanele abalobi abo ngokushesha, kodwa kuphela eqoshiwe emasikweni adluliselwa ngomlomo. Nokho, ekhulwini lama-20 kwaba khona umbono wokuthi narrators, abenza ujwayelana Old temdzabu amaNorseman, wadala ngemisebenzi yabo yokuqala. Umbono linqoba wukuthi labalobi, lokuqoqa nokucutshungulwa etemibhalo temdzabu impahla, Nokho, zilethe eziningi bebodwa, ukuze imisebenzi yabo abantu kwaziswa eduze zithandelana etemibhalo. Lokhu kunomthelela yokuthi kuba kunalokho kunzima ukunquma ukuthi ubani zonke kwakuyi-umbhali wokuqala umsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, Icelandic "eymundar þáttr hrings", Norwegian konung, owaba nengxenye izenzakalo zomlando Russian lasendulo, usekhona "Saga ka-Olaf oNgcwele", zabhalwa okuyinto ngokwesiko chasiselwe Sturluson wathi, kodwa lokhu kuphela kucatshangwa ukuthi akuyona kungase kutholakale ngokugcwele.

Mayelana izwe lethu

Kulezi imisebenzi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunobufakazi kwamanye amazwe enyakatho, kuhlanganise izwe lethu. storylines Abaningi ngisho idlulela, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukuthola ukufana phakathi kwemibhalo ezinganekwaneni zaseScandinavia kanye zemihla lasendulo. omakhelwane yabo ngokuvamile alalelwa milando Icelandic. Rusichi (igama abantu) baye baba, uma kungekhona undab 'uzekwayo, abahlanganyeli ngokugcwele izenzakalo. Kuvame ukushiwo ngemisebenzi umhlaba isiRashiya, endaweni lapho kukhona eyodwa noma enye indaba. Ngokwesibonelo, "Uhlelo Saga Hrolve abahamba ngezinyawo", zangekhulu le-14 leminyaka, isenzo lithuthela Ladoga, lapho iqhawe ashade indodakazi yenkosi uwina futhi iba umbusi abaseSweden. Phela, kule indaba it has a ngesakhiwo kakhulu efana le nganekwane odumile we-Oleg Hlakaniphile (indaba isikhulu futhi ihhashi lakhe). Lokhu kufakazela waphinda indlela ayesondelene nabo oxhumana kwamasiko phakathi kwabantu ababili.

Lapha-ke Kuhle kokusho ukuthi edumile "eymundar þáttr hrings" futhi liqukethe ulwazi mayelana umlando Old Russian. Ulandisa ngendlela protagonist, konung efika inkonzo Prince Yaroslav futhi wangenela inkonzo yakhe. Uthatha iqhaza izenzakalo sosizi zombusazwe nesikhathi ezihlobene emzabalazweni umbusi. Ngakho, i-Icelandic Viking Saga aseNyakatho Russia iwumthombo ezithakazelisayo olwengeziwe komlando wezwe lethu.

S. Sturluson

Lena umbhali wokuqala futhi ngalendoda yezinto zakudala Icelandic okuyinto ngasinda izindaba. Usosayensi ukubuthwa temdzabu, tinkondlo, okungenzeka kakhulu, kwaba iqoqo ezimbili elikhulu izincwadi Icelandic: uhlobo ebhukwinitifundvo izinkondlo skaldic futhi iqoqo milando. Ngenxa esinalo umuntu banombono enemininingwane yokuthi kuyini lakudala. Akazange gcina yena alande ukucutshungulwa imisebenzi ngomumo eyenziwe, kodwa wabhala indaba zabantu bakhe esimeningcondvo izenzakalo European, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Icelandic Saga wobukhosi eMpumalanga Yurophu wombhali yayo - a impahla eyigugu isimo sendawo nendawo amagama esifundeni.

Endabeni yakhe, u kukhona olunye ulwazi mayelana lwamaSlav. Wazama ukuchaza cishe yesayensi amathuluzi ezingeni namasu zezinkondlo zaseScandinavia isibonelo izingoma zakhe siqu. Lokhu likhomba izindlela lucebe namalimi ukudala izindaba. Ngakho, umsebenzi wakhe - lena efingqa isikhathi enkulu izincwadi Old Icelandic.

Izibuyekezo

Ngokuvamile, imibono le milando Icelandic akhayo kakhulu. Abafundi kanye nabasebenzisi bathi kwakuthakazelisa bajwayelane ukuphila futhi zomphakathi lezizwe lasendulo. Futhi aveze ukuthi ubuhlobo babantu silula idluliselwe kulezi izindaba, okunikeza charm esiyingqayizivele kwendaba. Nokho, abanye abafundi aveze ukuthi ulimi milando kuyinto ngempela ezomile futhi okuyisidina, ukuthi zinawo amagama amaningi kakhulu, izinhlamvu kanye abadlali ezingaba kanzima ziphazamise bezibona yonke indaba. Noma kunjalo, abasebenzisi kakhulu belulekwa ukuba uqinisekise ukuthi ufunda okungenani ezinye milando ubani nesithakazelo Russian lasendulo (hhayi kuphela) yemicimbi yemihla umlando ephakathi.