Mushroom ipulazi - umbono ibhizinisi lakho siqu

Wonke amabhizinisi uhlobo nomholo, okuhlose cishe yilowo nalowo phakathi kwethu. Namuhla wonke umuntu ufuna ukuba ngizimele ngokwezimali futhi baziphilise yomsebenzi esithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngoba kungenjalo umsebenzi ngeke kubonakale ekubeletheni. Kule ndaba, nomholo ezinhle bangaba ibhizinisi njengoba ipulazi amakhowe.

Ukweseka lokhu kungaholela izibalo, owawuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu Imininingwane labantu abaphilayo ensimini ka-Russia, uncamela ukuzitika on amakhowe. Nokho, abanye ithunyelwa yokusesha ezimele ngabo, kodwa iningi ngokuvakashela izimakethe isikhathi osindisa noma izitolo lapho amakhowe ziye Nokho, eqoqwe futhi wabashiya kuphela eyolanda, for ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa le mikhiqizo liyakhula minyaka yonke-20-25%.

Isizathu sokuba funa ububanzi

I ukukhula kwesidingo amakhowe kungenxa yezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, kuyafaneleka izindleko zabo ongaphakeme kuqhathaniswa ne ulwandle noma inyama nemikhiqizo. Njengoba for izinzuzo, okuqukethwe amaminerali nomzimba womuntu izakhi, awayona wawungaphansi imikhiqizo okukhulunywa.

Ngenxa emikhiqizweni esiningi amaprotheni namaminerali (potassium, phosphorus, isibabule, magnesium, kanye nezinye izinto) kungaqondakala njengoba ibhizinisi langempela njengekhaya mushroom ipulazi. Oyster, amakhowe, Amakhowe okuthiwa ama- shiitake - zonke lezi amakhowe nje izimpahla zangempela umzimba wethu.

Tellingly, amakhowe omisiwe ugxile kubantu ngendlela engcono, kunokuba fresh. Futhi ngenxa yokuba khona lichaza ekwakheni unsaturated okunamafutha acid phezu Imithambo yegazi ingekho usawoti imali.

Emihle nemibi yokwenza ibhizinisi

Yiziphi izici ezinhle kubabangele mushroom ibhizinisi? Okokuqala, it is a esincane yokukhokha phansi, okuyinto akwenzeki ngazo zonke ibhizinisi. Okunye izinzuzo onohlonze yilezi:

• hhayi kwesizini nemvelo;
• iphesenti eliphezulu nenzuzo;
• nesidingo esilokhu sanda emakethe Russian;
• kwezitshalo kungenziwa avunwa njalo ngesonto;
• substrate ingasetshenziswa kuze kufinyelele kathathu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma senza ipulazi mushroom, ungenawo ukuchitha okuningi ku iqashwe izakhiwo.

Ngeshwa, imisebenzi enjalo futhi yokuntula samanje. Omunye walena uwukuba nzima ukudayisa imikhiqizo yayo namawoliseli. Kunzima ukulondoloza izimo ludingeka ekuthuthukisweni efanele isikhunta.

Kuyini okumele zenziwe?

Ngokuvamile labo ababhekene nezimo isidingo ukuvula ibhizinisi, sicela ngalokho lingathengiswa noma ezihlinzeka ngezinsiza. Uma ucabangela, kulesi simo isibonelo ipulazi mushroom, zikhona izingxenye emakethe eziningana lapho imikhiqizo kungenziwa enikeziwe ngesimo esilandelayo:

• fresh:
• eqandisiwe;
• okusemathinini.

Ngezinye izikhathi emakethe kungenziwa kulekelelwa amakhowe omisiwe. Njengoba umqondisi-jikelele we isikhungo "Isikole mushroom" A. V Hrenov, Russian fresh imikhiqizo emakethe ugcwele mayelana 22%; 28% kuyinto amakhowe okusemathinini. Labo abasele abanga-50% - kungcono ukudla eqandisiwe.

Ukweseka lokhu ibhizinisi njengoba ipulazi mushroom kufanele alethe eminye idatha ezithakazelisayo ovela kumphakeli ezinkulu. Emuva ngo-2004 emakethe yasekhaya wayegcwele amakhowe eqandisiwe izinkulungwane 15. Amathani, futhi ingqikithi umkhiqizo ewusizo baba izinkulungwane 30. Amathani. Nakuba ochwepheshe emakethe ukubiza ezinye izinombolo - amathani ayinkulungwane 60 .. Futhi ingxenye athuthukile kakhulu ncamashi simisiwe amakhowe, okuyiwona funa luyanda unyaka ngo-30% onyakeni.

Umthamo isamba ukusetshenziswa amakhowe lonke 2003 zaba cishe ezingaba ngu-500 THS. Amathani, okulingana ukusebenzisa umuntu ngamunye okungenani 3 kg kwalo mkhiqizo. Ukuze uqhathanise, e-United States lengenako zaba akukho kuka 2.5 kg amakhowe. Ngakho, ke kuphakamisa ecabanga yini engathengiswa emakethe.

Kuphi ukuqala?

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi ibhizinisi, kuhlanganise okuzenzela mushroom ipulazi kuqedile ngaphandle iyiqoqo afanele business plan. Siyabonga kuye, unganquma phezu izigaba ezibalulekile lapho ngizodabula. Hlela yokutshala kanye nokuqaliswa okwengeziwe isikhunta ingase ihlanganise izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile lapho udinga:

• ukuthenga imbewu;
• ukulungiselela substrate (impahla eluhlaza);
• ngqo ikhule amakhowe;
• ukuthengisa izimpahla.

Kuyadingeka ukuxazulula izimpikiswano Ukukhetha imishini, ukuqasha abasebenzi kanye acabangele eziningi ezinye, nezindaba ezibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Kodwa ake awutholi kuqala kunathi futhi uzame ukuba ucabangele le uhlobo lwebhizinisi bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

Uhlangothi zomthetho mayelana nodaba

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuya isinyathelo, kubalulekile ukuxazulula ecaleni lomthetho lebhizinisi. Kusukela amakhowe ukudla, kubalulekile ukuba uxazulule izinkinga ezithile nge isimo ngaphambi kokuqala ipulazi amakhowe. Leli bhizinisi kudinga kokudabula inqubo yokuba umsebenzi wabo ubhaliswe kanye nokuhlinzekwa idatha ehhovisi lentela. It ingaba njengesihluthulelo usomabhizinisi ngamunye, ngokusho NACE ikhodi - A.01.12.31. Khona-ke kudingeka ukhethe uhlelo intela. Kulokhu kuyoba okwanele ukuze ukhethe intela olulodwa wezolimo.

Okulandelayo udinga ubuye izakhiwo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, ungaya abahloli umlilo semvume. Okulandelayo udinga ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi imikhiqizo, okuyiwona kubalulekile ukuthumela batch amakhowe ukuhlaziywa. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, i-laboratory ihlinzeka isitifiketi izinga ngawo ukuqala ibhizinisi.

Kuphela namanje kunesidingo sokuba kukhishwe eziningi imibhalo, omunye wabo - ilayisensi enikeza ilungelo ukuthengisa amakhowe. Enye idokhumenti - isitifiketi phytosanitary. Futhi akusho ubuhlungu ukuze uthole imiyalelo isitoreji kanye zokuhamba imikhiqizo.

Ukukhethwa izinto zokusetshenziswa

Esibalulekile isinyathelo yebhizinisi ukukhethwa impahla eluhlaza, ezisetshenziselwa amakhowe etshalwa mushroom ipulazi. Kuze kube yimanje, ama-mycelium, noma kusetshenziswe, njengoba libizwa nangokuthi - mycelium. Le nzalo eziyisisekelo Ngokuvamile kungahlelwa ithengwa cishe kunoma iyiphi ipulazi amakhowe. Nokho, uma usunolwazi oluhle kakade, kungaba sikhule kwayona.

Ngokuthenga okubizwa ngokuthi imbewu ilayisensi, okokuqala kunakho konke, qiniseka quality yayo. mycelium Good ezahlukene ezimhlophe, Likhipha ezimnandi mushroom iphunga khulula kwanoma iyiphi amabala. Ungabi kahle ukubuza umdayisi khona ilayisensi, yena kumelwe nakanjani babe.

Substrate yesibili i-material eluhlaza ezidingekayo - kuso kanye amakhowe zikhule. Kungenzeka futhi ukwenza ngokwakho. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukwakheka kungenziwa ifakwe utshani (kakolweni, rye, ibhali), Kostritsa Ifilakisi corn umoba. Futhi epulazini mushroom wanika isivuno ngaphezulu, ungakwazi ukwengeza zingxenye ezilandelayo:

• sawdust;
• chips;
• amagxolo;
• emabhilidini kanye nenye imfucumfucu yasendlini.

Nokuzibona yokukhiqiza of into substrate main - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa imvelo. Uma kungenjalo, ungase zilimale ezinkulu isivuno, futhi ikhwalithi amakhowe ngenxa yokuba khona amakhemikhali ezahlukene izohamba ukuba wayefisa.

Ukuthenga substrate ngomumo ezivela abakhiqizi ezahlukene bangaqiniseka ukuthi 10 kg of izinto zokusetshenziswa zingatshalwa ukuze isikhunta 2 kg. Yiqiniso, uma timo letifanele ukulima kwabo. kuwufanele kuphela ikhumbula ukuthi inani substrate ilingana izindleko 1 kg amakhowe ngentengo wholesale.

Champignons kanye oyster amakhowe

Ngaphambi kokuvula imisebenzi yayo, kubalulekile ukwazi imininingwane. Ayikho ngaphandle kuyinto ipulazi mushroom, amakhowe zihlukile nezimfuneko esikhethekile imvelo nentuthuko. Ukuze substrate lapho amakhowe etshalwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa wotshani kakolweni. Ngaphambili kumele kahle omisiwe, aphulwe futhi ofakwe amanzi. Njengoba utshani ubamba kahle, kubalulekile ukuthatha Ingxenye 2.5 izingxenye uketshezi 1 okuyingxenye utshani. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-umucwana ezimanzi udinga ukwengeza umquba noma umquba wenkukhu , futhi ushiye nokuvuthwa umquba. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha amasonto amabili, futhi iziqukathi ekhethekile evundile zisetshenziselwa kwaba emoyeni.

Lokhu umquba iyindawo ekahle kakhulu yokutshala isivuno ocebile amakhowe, futhi oyster amakhowe. Kodwa ngenxa yomsebenzi isikhathi esiningi ukudala ke kule minyaka ungayisebenzisi, ngoba ungenza kukho elula - substrate.

Igumbi

Ukucinga futhi Ukukhetha izakhiwo ezifanele zidlala indima ebalulekile kule bhizinisi njengoba ipulazi mushroom, amakhowe kudinga kwezimo ezifanele ukuthuthukiswa. Kakade wazibonela osomabhizinisi kuleli cala wayemthanda emakamelweni kulinywe, okuyinto zisekelwa izimo microclimate kunesidingo. Ngakho ngisho ezingeni-carbon dioxide okuqukethwe ingahluka, kuye ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo yonke ukuthuthukiswa isikhunta.

Kodwa osomabhizinisi imfundamakhwela kungenzeka opt greenhouse, khipha noma engaphansi. Le ndawo akhethiwe kufanele ifakwe ukupholisa bafudumale izinhlelo. Amazinga kumele igcinwe eduze 12-16, kodwa degrees akukho ngaphezu kuka-25. Kusemqoka ukuqinisekisa ezingeni lelisetulu nomswakama - kufike ku-80 noma-90%. Indawo yokusebenzela ibe ncane kulula ukuwanakekela, kwanele ukuba nisela izikhwama nge substrate. Kodwa uma uhlela ukukhiqizwa emikhulu, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle komoya isimo futhi humidifiers.

Ukwakhiwa ipulazi mushroom kusho khona ezakhiweni Izintambo zikagesi ezisobala kanye ungaphazanyiswa namanzi. Udinga banakekele ukususwa enaleni yayo.

Ngokuphathelene ubukhulu, lapha ke kuhle ukucabangela isikali zokukhiqiza. Ukuze uqale singakhetha egumbini linye endaweni sq 15 kuya ku-20. m. Nokho, uma esikhathini esizayo sihlela ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa, emagcekeni Udinga ukukhetha kusengaphambili emikhulu. It angathengwa noma aqashiwe. Konke kuncike usayizi utshalomali kokuqala. Uma imali eyanele, kungcono nje ukuthenga egumbini, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlala nezintela.

Ngaphandle nje kokuthi izincwadi main umsebenzi endaweni egumbini kudingekile ukunikeza isikhala isitoreji futhi pasteurization of substrate. Kuze kube yimanje, wenze kangcono ezinye indawo lula.

imishini

Umbuzo konke izakhiwo kuncike hlobo isiko luyokhula mushroom ipulazi. Oyster kule nenhlonipho amakhowe linesizotha futhi champignons kudinga izimo ezithile. Ngokuphathelene imishini yezobuchwepheshe, kufanele ihlanganise uhlu imishini:

• ikamelo ukupholisa;
• humidifiers;
• heater;
• umusi ugesi.

Lapho ekhula oyster amakhowe futhi kudingeka izikhwama, lapho luyokhula. Ukuqoqa amakhowe, ungasebenzisa amabhokisi lokhuni noma le plastic. izinto zokusetshenziswa Okuthengiwe, e utshani ikakhulukazi, kumelwe ibhekane ukwelashwa ezishisayo. Kuze kube yimanje, futhi uthenge umusi ugesi, lapho kukhona inqubo pasteurization. Uma ekamelweni akuyona ukukhanya yemvelo ngokwanele, kubalulekile ukuba banakekele yokufuna izibani Fluorescent.

Recruitment

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ipulazi mushroom eRussia adinga abasebenzi, njengoba omunye usomabhizinisi ukuba abhekane ngokuphumelelayo nesitha bhizinisi, kungakhathaliseki wazama kanjani. Futhi ngakho ngoba ukuchuma icala futhi ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa kufanele ucabange ukuqasha abasebenzi.

izidingo ezikhethekile izisebenzi esizayo lapho, kusukela ezweni lakithi Awafundiswa izisekelo gribovedeniya. I imfuneko kuphela lapho eqasha abasebenzi - yayo siwukuthi incwadi yezempilo. Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke abanye emsebenzini, ingxenye ukhetho ukwamukela ukungabi imikhuba emibi, ubuqotho. Ungafuna ukuletha onguchwepheshe kule ndawo, kuphela iholo ukuthi kuyoba ephakeme kunokuvamile. Njengoba inketho, ukunikela amaphesenti kusuka ukudayiswa amakhowe.

Bangaki abantu ngeke ukuyosebenza epulazini incike ivolumu imikhiqizo ziyafuywa. Uma umthamo kuhlelwe kusho ukhulele 50-100 kg amakhowe ngelanga ke abantu ababili ngokuphelele ukubhekana kangcono nale umsebenzi. Uma umthamo mkhulu - 200-300 kg nsuku zonke, abasebenzi kumele lenyuke kubantu 3 noma 4.

Kodwa laba bantu izosebenza ngqo amakhowe. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukuba siqashe abasebenzi ababili noma oyedwa kuya preform substrate. Enye iyobhekana kanjani nezinkinga nokumaketha. Uma lutho umqashi mayelana nezindaba zezimali, kubalulekile ukuba ngalo umsebenzi accountant.

ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla

Uma kwenziwa uhlelo ibhizinisi kubalulekile ufaka isikhunta lento yokuthengisa. abathengi Main kungatholakala phakathi:

• nezitolo ezinkulu;
• izimakethe;
• amakhasimende wholesale;
• izitolo;
• zokudlela kanye cafeterias.

Kusukela umbono kokusebenza elilungile, ngabomvu iyona abathengi wholesale. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthengisa amaqoqwana enkulu umkhiqizo, okuyinto has nomthelela omuhle ukukhula imali.

Kodwa-ke kuhle ukucabangela ukuthi amanani wholesale ngentengo ngezansi-emakethe amakhowe. Kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingozi umkhiqizo is kakhulu ziyancipha. Kancane ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthutha mushroom ukukhiqizwa izindawo kufanele zitholakale iseduze komuzi.

ukubala inzuzo

Ingxenye wezimali we plan, okubandakanya izindleko kanye Cishe umholo, kufanele futhi enikeziwe. Lezi zinto ezilandelayo iyoba phakathi izindleko:

• I iqashwe - kusuka 12 kuya 13 RUR / ngenyanga ...
• izindleko izinto zokusetshenziswa - ruble angaba yizinkulungwane 80 ..
• Umholo abasebenzi - ruble ayizigidi 35 / ngenyanga ...
• Okusetshenziswayo izikweletu - ruble 9 kuya kwezingu-10 ..
• Ezokuthutha of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo siphelile - ruble 16 kuya kwezingu-17 ..

Okucatshangwa ukuthi inzuzo, uma wena khipha imishini mushroom ipulazi kanye nezindleko efakwe ohlwini ngeke azisizi ayizinkulungwane 300. Hlikihla. enyangeni edlule. Ikhumbula Imali yesikhathi esisodwa ukuze usethe shop, payback ibhizinisi kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha.