Izimpikiswano: inkinga inkumbulo zomlando. Izimpikiswano yemisebenzi

Leyo ndoda zokugcina uthola umthombo for kumiswa ukwazi, thola indawo yabo emhlabeni nasemphakathini. Lapho ukukhohlwa elahlekile bonke ubuhlobo nomphakathi. Kuthinta ezithile ekuphileni, ulwazi oluphathelene nezenzakalo zesikhathi abanolwazi.

Uyini inkumbulo zomlando

Luhilela kulondolozwe isipiliyoni zomlando kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo. Yileyo indlela ukunakekelwa kakhulu umkhaya, umuzi, izwe basonta isiko, kuhlobene inkumbulo zomlando. Okubhaliwe ngale ndaba ngokuvamile atholakala imisebenzi yokuhlola izincwadi ebangeni le-11. Unikwe le nkinga futhi thina kancane ukunakwa.

Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe obumba inkumbulo zomlando

Esikhathini inkumbulo zomlando has izigaba eziningana kumiswa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abantu bayakhohlwa kwenzeka. Life njalo inikeza iziqephu ezintsha, egcwele imizwelo kanye injabulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile izihloko nezincwadi izenzakalo zeminyaka eyadlula kuthiwa ehlanekezelwe ababhali hhayi kuphela ukushintsha incazelo yabo, kodwa futhi benze izinguquko ngokuhamba impi, indawo amandla. Kunenkinga memory zomlando. Izimpikiswano wokuphila, umbhali ngamunye kuletha okwabo siqu, kucatshangelwa umbono siqu esachazwa esidlule zomlando. Ngenxa ukutolika ezahlukene izenzakalo ezifanayo ovela kwabakhileyo ithuba ifinyelela eziphethweni zayo. Yiqiniso, ukuze afakazele ayekusho, kudingeka agumenti. zomlando inkinga inkumbulo ukhona emphakathini, zibancishe nenkululeko yokukhuluma. ukucwaninga Ubude kuholela ukuhlanekezela izenzakalo zangempela, ethula kubo umphakathi kuphela ubheka izinto ngombono ofanele. inkumbulo beqiniso bangatholakala kuphela baphile nokuthuthukisa emphakathini obuswa ngentando yeningi. Ukuze ulwazi awadlulisela isizukulwane esilandelayo ngaphandle ukuhlanekezela ebonakalayo, kubalulekile ukwazi correlate izenzakalo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sangempela, namaqiniso impilo esidlule.

Imibandela kumiswa memory zomlando

Izimpikiswano ngesihloko esithi "Inkinga memory zomlando" zingatholakala emisebenzini eminingi yakudala. Ukuze umphakathi ukuthuthukisa, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya isipiliyoni yokhokho, ukwenza "umsebenzi amaphutha", ukusebenzisa uhlamvu iqiniso eyayisesandleni ezidlule.

"Black ibhodi" B. Soloukhina

Iyini inkinga eyinhloko inkumbulo zomlando? Izimpikiswano izincwadi Isibonelo umsebenzi. Umbhali utshela indaba le kuphangwa yebandla ndawo yakubo. Ukuya ukulethwa izincwadi eliyingqayizivele njengoba imfucuza yephepha, imifanekiso esingenantengo ukwenza amabhokisi. Kwesokudla esontweni e Stavrovo ihlelwe joinery. Ngo eminye ukuvula MTS. Woza lapha lorries, abakhasi tractor, imiphongolo egcinwe uphethiloli. Umbhali uthi kamunyu ukuthi akukho engotsheni, akukho crane ayikwazi indawo eMoscow ezibiyele, Bandla intercession phezu Nerl. Awukwazi ukuba indlu ehlala isakhiwo Isigodlo, equkethe amathuna izihlobo Pushkin, Tolstoy. Umsebenzi evusa inkinga ka kulondolozwe inkumbulo zomlando. I-agumenti esetshenziswa umbhali, kukhona elingenakuphikwa. Akunjalo kulabo owafa, amanga phansi tombstones, kudingeka inkumbulo, futhi uyaphila!

Article D. S. Lihacheva

Esihlokweni sakhe, "Uthando, nenhlonipho, ulwazi 'academician ebuza imibuzo ngokufaneleka desecration zabantu sika shrine, okungukuthi, ukhuluma ukuqhuma lesikhumbuzo ukuze Bagration, iqhawe besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic ka 1812. Likhachev evusa inkinga inkumbulo umlando wabantu. I-agumenti esetshenziswa umbhali, eziphathelene phansi maqondana nalo msebenzi wobuciko. Ngemva lesikhumbuzo ekuveleni ngimbonga umfowabo Georgians wakhe, ngesibindi wawalwela ukuzimela yeRussia. Ezobhubhisa lesikhumbuzo sensimbi? umuntu alazi ngomlando ezweni labo kuphela, hhayi uthande Motherland, le Motherland akuyona uyaziqhenya.

Ukubuka ukushisekela ubuzwe

Yini enye kungabangela agumenti? imemori zomlando yezimpikiswano ezavela e "Izincwadi ezivela Russian Museum" yakhe, olwasungulwa V Solouhin. Uthi wangiklwebha izimpande zawo siqu, ukuzama ukuncela angaphandle, isiko alien, indoda ilahlekelwa akhe identity. Lokhu impikiswano Russian izinkinga inkumbulo zomlando kanye nezinye ukwesekwa alwa Russian. Likhachev yasungulwa "Ukuvezwa isiko," lapho umbhali ubiza ukuvikela kanye nokugcina amasiko ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele. Ososayensi ukugcizelela ukuthi kungesemehlweni izakhamuzi isiko esikhathini esidlule, esamanje isimo esingenalo ikusasa. Kungenxa "ukulondeka okungokomoya 'wesizwe kuyinto khona kazwelonke. Phakathi isiko angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo kufanele kube nokuxhumana, kodwa kulokhu inkampani lizokwenyuka ezitebhisini eziholela ekuthuthukiseni zomlando.

Inkinga memory zomlando izincwadi kwekhulu lama-20

Esikhathini izincwadi kwekhulu elidlule iye ubuswa umbuzo umthwalo kwemiphumela emibi yokuvumela esidlule, ngemisebenzi abalobi abaningi ukwethula nenkinga memory zomlando. Izimpikiswano ezincwadini zisetshenziselwa ubufakazi oqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, A. T. Tvardovsky ebizwa ngokuthi inkondlo yakhe "Memory Human" uhlaziye isipiliyoni edabukisayo kobushiqela. Yehlelwa ngale nkinga futhi Anna Akhmatova encwadini edumile "Requiem". Libonisa ukuthi kwakunezingxabano nabulungisa, ukungabi namthetho ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi emphakathini, okuholela agumenti ezinhle. zomlando inkinga inkumbulo usukela ngemisebenzi A. I. Solzhenitsyna. Indaba yakhe emfushane "One Day ku-internet Ivana Denisovicha" iqukethe sinqumo uhlelo isimo ngesikhathi, lapho lokho okuyizidingo eziseqhulwini amanga steel nokungabi nabulungisa.

Inhlonipho emagugu emasiko

Maphakathi ukunakwa iyona nezindaba ezihlobene kulondolozwe izikhumbuzo lasendulo. Ngo nenkathi post-wamavukelambuso elinesimo ushintsho isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona, kwakukhona ukubhubha kwabantu abaningi yamanani wangaphambili. nezihlakaniphi Russian obuzama nakanjani ukulondoloza izinsalela wezwe kwamasiko. D. S. Lihachev babemelene ukwakhiwa saseNevsky Prospekt Condo ejwayelekile. Yini enye kungabangela agumenti? Inkinga memory zomlando iye yathonywa nabenzi bamabhayisikobho Russian. Izimali eqoqwe yibo, kwakunokwenzeka ukubuyisela ifa Abramtsevo futhi inhlama. Iyini inkinga inkumbulo komlando impi? Izimpikiswano ezincwadini basikisela ukuthi lo mbuzo kwaba efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. NJENGOBA Pushkin wathi "ukuntula inhlonipho koyisemkhulu -. Uphawu sokuqala sokungaziphathi kahle"

Isihloko impi kwimemori zomlando

Kuyini inkumbulo zomlando? Okubhaliwe ngale ndaba, ungabhala ngesisekelo imisebenzi Chingiz Aitmatov "Buran ayeke". Mankurt iqhawe lakhe uyindoda ngenkani bancishwa inkumbulo. Yena waba yisigqila, ongenazo esidlule. Noma igama noma abazali mankurt awukhumbuli, okungukuthi, kunzima ukuqaphela ngokuthi ungumuntu. Lo mbhali uxwayisa ngokuthi lesi silwane kuyingozi ngoba umphakathi nomphakathi.

Ngaphambi Kosuku Victory owawuse entsheni ucwaningo lwezenhlalo. Imibuzo ukhathazekile usuku isiqalo ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, izimpi ezibalulekile, ojenene. Izimpendulo wathola iye yadumaza. Baningi abafana abanalo mbono noma mayelana nosuku ekuqaleni kwempi, futhi mayelana isitha zase-USSR, babeqala ukuzwa ngo-G. K. Zhukove, Battle of kwaseStalingrad. Ucwaningo wabonisa indlela efanele imemori zomlando mayelana nodaba impi. I-agumenti "abashisekeli bezinguquko" ngohlelo lokuphulukiswa ngempela emlandweni esikoleni, okuyinto inciphise inani amahora enikelwe ekutadisheni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ehambisana ne-overload abafundi. indlela enjalo kuye kwaholela yokuthi isizukulwane samanje akhohlwe esidlule, ngakho-ke, izinsuku ezibalulekile emlandweni wezwe ngeke udluliselwe esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. Uma ungenalo ahloniphe umlando wethu, neze amhloniphe oyise, walahlekelwa inkumbulo zomlando. Okubhaliwe ngokuba kokuphothula ukuhlolwa, ungakwazi baphikise amazwi Russian A. zakudala P. Chehova. Waveza ukuthi inkululeko yomuntu idinga abantu embulungeni yonke. Kodwa ngaphandle ngenjongo yokuba khona kwakhe kuyoba ngokuphelele lutho. Uma ucabangela agumenti inkinga inkumbulo zomlando (EGE), kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi zikhona decoys ukuthi musa dala, uphinde wonakalise. Ngokwesibonelo, indaba "Gooseberries" iqhawe wayefuna ukuthenga ensimini yakhe, abeke lapho gooseberries. Umgomo ke egxile ngokuphelele. Kodwa, njengoba beye finyelela it he lost ifomu yakhe engabantu. Umbhali uyaphawula ukuthi ubuntu bakhe kuyinto "ayizidlakela, flabby ... - ukuthi uphinde ubheke, hryuknet ngengubo yokulala."

Ngo indaba Ivan Bunin "The Gentleman kusuka San Francisco" libonisa isiphetho indoda owakhonza amagugu amanga. Hero akhonzwa unkulunkulu wengcebo. Ngemva kokufa i isicebi American kwatholakala ukuthi injabulo yangempela esidlulile kuye.

Cinga ngenjongo yokuphila, nokuqaphela ukuxhumana amadlozi ayekwazi ukubonisa I. A. Goncharovu ngomfanekiso Oblomov. Wayefuna ukwenza ukuphila kwakhe ezahlukene, kodwa izifiso zakhe zazingafani ukusebenza ngo ngokoqobo, wawungenawo amandla.

Lapho ebhalela phezu Tindzaba ukuhlolwa eyayinesihloko esithi "Inkinga imemori komlando impi" kungenziwa agumenti wenza imisebenzi Nekrasov "Esikhathini Trenches ka kwaseStalingrad." Umbhali ebonisa ukuphila kwangempela "isigwebo ibhokisi elithi", okuyinto abakulungele ukuphila kwabo ukuvikela ngokuzijamela Motherland.

Izimpikiswano ngokuba UKUSETSHENZISWA emisebenzini Russian

Ukuze uthole amaphuzu omuhle le ndaba, umfundi ophothule izifundo kumelwe umele isikhundla sakhe, ukusebenzisa izincwadi. Esikhathini play Gorky "I-Lower Ngokujula" umbhali wabonisa inkinga abantu "zangaphambili" abaye balahlekelwa amandla ukulwela izithakazelo zabo. Bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuba aphile njengombaleki angenakukwazi ukukwenza, futhi udinga ukushintsha into, nje lutho ukuthi ungahlelile. Isenzo iqala kule zokulala endlini umsebenzi khona futhi evala. Mayelana yimuphi inkumbulo, ukuziqhenya okuthile ngisho inkulumo yakhe okhokho, amaqhawe play akazange noma ucabange.

Ezinye Zama elele phezu kombhede ukukhuluma mayelana izwe, kuyilapho abanye, wakwenza ngokuzikhandla kanye nesikhathi, ukuletha real kuzuzisa izwe lakhe. Awukwazi ukushiya ngaphandle ukunakwa, ezitshela mayelana inkumbulo zomlando, indaba emangazayo ngu Mikhail Sholokhov, "nesigcino indoda." Likhuluma phetho edabukisayo isosha elula, owashonelwa phakathi nempi umndeni wakhe. Njengoba sibhekene umfana oyintandane, ubiza yena uyise. Yini ebonisa lesi senzo? Umuntu abavamile usebone ubuhlungu, ezama simelane ukudalelwa. It is hhayi acime uthando futhi afuna ukumnika sona lo mfanyana. Kuyinto nesifiso sokwenza isosha enhle inika amandla ukuphila, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi. I hero indaba laseChekhov "Umuntu in a Case" utshela "abantu benelisekile." Nge izithakazelo webhizinisi elincane, ezama ukudonsa kude izinkinga zabanye, bengenandaba ngokuphelele izinkinga zabanye. Umbhali iphawula phansi ngokomoya amaqhawe ezazicabanga ngokwabo "amakhosi wokuphila", kodwa empeleni kuyizinto abavamile abavamile. Abanaso nabangane bangempela, ayathanda kuphela inhlalakahle yabo. umthwalo Mutual for omunye umuntu ukuthi ngokucacile emsebenzini Boris Vasilyev "The Dawn Lapha Ingabe epholile ...". Zonke izigceme uCaptain Vaskovo nje elwa inkululeko ndawonye njengezitha zezwe lokhokho, baphila nemithetho yabantu. Ngo inoveli Simonov esithi "Ukuphila the Dead" Sintsov ku ngokwayo yenza umngane ababevela empini. Zonke Izizathu ezavezwa kusuka ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi ebhaliwe, ukusiza ukuqonda okushiwo imemori zomlando, ukubaluleka kungenzeka ukulondolozwa kwemvelo, ukudlulisela ezizukulwaneni ezinye.

isiphetho

Lapho bingelela kunoma izifiso iholide kwakuzwakala esibhakabhakeni obunokuthula phezu kwekhanda lakhe. Kuyini lokhu? Iqiniso lokuthi imemori komlando nosizi impi isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye. Impi Yombango! Kuphela izincwadi ezinhlanu izwi, kodwa uma kukhona inhlangano nokuhlupheka, ekhala izinyembezi kolwandle wegazi, ukufa abathandekayo. Impi emhlabeni, ngeshwa, njalo aphethwe. I nokuquma abesifazane, nabantwana bememeza, Echoes of impi kufanele ibe ijwayelekile esizukulwaneni esisha of sici amafilimu, izincwadi. Akumelwe sikhohlwe labo bashushiswa kabuhlungu ezehlela abantu Russian. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, eRussia eyayihilelekile Impi Ye-1812. Esasiphila ngalabo izenzakalo inkumbulo zomlando, abalobi Russian emisebenzini yazo baye bazama ukuba adlulisele izici kwenkathi. inoveli UTolstoy sika "Impi Nokuthula" yembula izwe abantu, ukuzimisela kwakhe ukunikela ngokuphila kwabo ngenxa wobaba. Ukufunda izinkondlo, izindaba, amanoveli mayelana impi yabashokobezi yokufuna, impi ye Borodino, abasha baseRussia nethuba "uvakashele izimpi," uzizwe emkhathini abusa esikhathini zomlando. Ngo "Sevastopol Imidwebo" UTolstoy likhuluma ngezinsizwa nezintombi Sevastopol ubuqhawe ngo-1855. Izenzakalo ezichazwe ngumlobi kahle ukuze kubonakala sengathi yena ngokwakhe wayengufakazi wokuzibonela impi. Isibindi sezinye izingane umoya, amandla eyingqayizivele, okumangalisayo nokushisekela izwe abahlala inkumbulo ayakufanelekela. UTolstoy lihlobanisa impi ngodlame, ubuhlungu, ukungcola, ekuhluphekeni nasekufeni. Echaza ukuzivikela nobuqhawe Sevastopol ku 1854-1855 inkathi, ugcizelela amandla umoya wabantu Russian. Boris Vasilyev, uKonstantin Simonov, Mikhail Sholokhov, abanye abalobi Soviet siye sanikela eziningi imisebenzi yakhe iyona izimpi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kulesi sikhathi esinzima yezwe futhi umsebenzi abesifazane alwa nabesilisa, ngisho nezingane bénza konke okusemandleni abo. Intengo wokuphila, bezama ukuletha ukunqoba, ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzimela yezwe. inkumbulo zomlando isiza ukugcina ngemininingwane enkulu mayelana ngesenzo nobuqhawe amasosha nezakhamuzi. Uma kukhona elahlekile uxhumano esidlule, izwe uzolahlekelwa uzibuse. Lokhu ngeke nakancane sihambisane nakho!