Isakhiwo impande isitshalo. Izici isakhiwo impande

Izinto eziphilayo ngesayensi eziphilayo. Isakhiwo impande zalesi sihlahla kubhekwa omunye wezitshalo.

Impande kuyinto izitho Axial vegetative simila. It libhekene angenamkhawulo ukukhula apical kanye wesimethri osabalalayo. Izici isakhiwo impande kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Lena umsuka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo izitshalo, lingelikaJehova ethile ekilasini, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo. Imisebenzi esemqoka izimpande kungenziwa ngokuthi nokuqinisa izitshalo enhlabathini, iqhaza esiphelweni vegetative, isitokwe futhi zamagama izakhi organic. Kodwa umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu yokunikeza imisebenzi ebalulekile zomzimba isitshalo, - inhlabathi umsoco, okuyinto kwenziwe inqubo amanzi ukumuncwa substrate esebenzayo eziqukethe nosawoti wamaminerali siphela.

izinhlobo izimpande

I Sakhiwo sangaphandle impande ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi lisho ukuthi uhlobo.

• Impande main. Ukwakheka kwabo kungenxa impande embryonic, lapho imbewu simila siqala ihluma.
• izimpande Adventitious. Abakwazi avele etincenyeni letehlukene simila (isiqu, amacembe).
• izimpande lateral. Bakha legatsha, kusukela ezimpandeni ngaphambilini uvele (main noma paranasal).

Izinhlobo impande izinhlelo

Uhlelo impande - umphakathi wonke izimpande, olutholakalayo izimila. Ngakho ukuvela kwalesi isethi babe izitshalo ezahlukene ingahluka kakhulu. Isizathu ukuthi ukuba khona noma ukungabi, kanye degree ezahlukene zentuthuko nobukhali izinhlobo ezahlukene izimpande.

Kuye lokhu isici, kukhona izinhlobo eziningana impande izinhlelo.

• Thepha uhlelo impande. Igama liyazikhulumela. Impande main uba induku. Ubizwa achazwe kahle ubukhulu nobude. Isakhiwo impande yalolu hlobo esivamile dicots. Lokhu Sorrel, izaqathe, ubhontshisi kanye nokunye.
• Fibrous uhlelo impande. Ukuze lolu hlobo has izici zayo siqu. I Sakhiwo sangaphandle impande, okuyinto esemqoka, akuhlukile ukuthi ohlangothini. Akenzi wehluke esixukwini. Sisuselwa impande embryonic, likhula eside kakhulu. Mochkovaya uhlelo impande ejwayelekile monocots. It okusanhlamvu, garlic, Tulips nokunye.
• Uhlelo impande uhlobo exubile. isakhiwo sayo ihlanganisa izici ezimbili ezichazwe ngenhla, izinhlobo. Taproot athuthukiswe kahle futhi imele esixukwini. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kakhulu athuthukile kanye izimpande adventitious. Sici utamatisi, iklabishi.

Ukuthuthukiswa zomlando empandeni

Lapho ecabanga ngokuya ukuthuthukiswa phylogenetic empandeni, ukubonakala kwakhe kwaba ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwabhalwa ukwakheka stem leaf. Cishe, umfutho salokhu ukufinyelela isitshalo ukuze izwe. Ukuze sizuze isizinda kuleli substrate okuqinile, abamele flora lasendulo kudingeka into engase sibanikeze nosizo abaludingayo. Ngo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuqala leli kornepodobnye amagatsha ngomshoshaphansi. Kamuva, emenza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo impande.

impande cap

Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo impande wenziwa kulo lonke isikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Isakhiwo impande zalesi sihlahla engabondli abakubo khona amahlamvu kanye efihlekile. ekukhuleni kwayo Kwenziwa ngokwandisa ubude. Iphuzu ukukhula embozwe impande cap.

Inqubo yokukhula lihlotshaniswa cell division izicubu zemfundo. Itholakala ngaphansi cap impande, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha amaseli mnene sokuhlukanisa ekulimaleni. Ikesi siqukethe ngokwayo - inhlanganisela amaseli mncane-ngabafaka ophilayo, okuyinto njalo uya inqubo yokulungiswa. Okungukuthi, empandeni emhlabathini ukugqugquzela amaseli ezingamahlalakhona kancane kancane exfoliated futhi sikhule entsha endaweni yawo. Ikesi siqukethe futhi etholakala amaseli ngaphandle secrete isikhwehlela ethile. Isisiza ukuthuthukiswa izimpande eziqinile nenhlabathi substrates.

Kuyaziwa lokho, kuye ngokuthi indawo yemvelo isakhiwo isitshalo zihluke kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izinto ezimila emanzini babe impande cap. Ngo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kodwa iye yakha kwenye idivayisi - ephaketheni amanzi.

Isakhiwo isitshalo izimpande: kuhlukane zone ukukhula zone

Amaseli okubuya indwangu ezemfundo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukuhlukanisa. kwakhiwa Ngakho impande indawo.

sokuhlukanisa ndawo. It imelelwa amaseli lendwangu ezemfundo, okuyinto kamuva zisenza sibe zonke ezinye izinhlobo cell. Zone Usayizi - 1 mm.

indawo ukukhula. Lunikeza isigaba bushelelezi, okuyinto Ubude kuka-6 no-9 mm. Ngokushesha kulandela endaweni kuhlukane. Ukuze amaseli libhekene sokwanda okusheshayo, ngesikhathi bekene kanzima welulela ubude, kanye kwamangqamuzana kancane kancane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo division kule zoni akuyona cishe kwenziwa.

ukuncela zone

Le ngxenye ubude impande ngamasentimitha ambalwa futhi evame ukubizwa ngokuthi indawo empandeni izinwele. Leli gama kubonisa izici isakhiwo impande endaweni. Kukhona isikhumba amaseli amaqhubu kabani usayizi ziyahlukahluka kusuka 1 mm kuya ku-20 mm. Lona izinwele impande.

ukuncela zone - yindawo lapho kukhona ukumuncwa olubanzi amanzi, equkethe namaminerali siphela. Umsebenzi lamaseli empandeni izinwele, kulesi simo, ingafaniswa futha. Le nqubo kakhulu amandla khudlwana. Ngakho-ke, ngo-emangqamuzaneni zone ukuncela iqukethe inqwaba mitochondria.

Kubalulekile ukuba adonsele ukunakekela omunye isici impande izinwele. Bayakwazi ukwaba isikhwehlela ethile equkethe carbonic, citric futhi malic acid. Slime kusiza chaza usawoti wezinto ezingaphili emanzini. inhlabathi izinhlayiya ngokusebenzisa isikhwehlela sengathi ethe njo izinwele impande ngokwenza lula izakhi ukumuncwa inqubo.

Isakhiwo impande izinwele

Ukwandisa endaweni zone ukuncela yiso ngenxa impande izinwele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-rye inombolo ifinyelela 14 bhiliyoni ukwakha obuphelele Imininingwane afika ku-10 000 km.

Ukubukeka empandeni izinwele kubenza ibukeke fluff emhlophe. Bahlala hhayi isikhathi eside - kusuka 10 kuya ezinsukwini 20. Ukwakheka amaqabunga amasha emzimbeni isitshalo impela kancane isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, kumiswa impande izinwele e abasha apula izithombo Kwenziwa amahora 30-40. Omunye endaweni lapho ukufa yalezi amaqhubu engavamile namanje isikhathi esithile ukudla kwezimila amanzi, bese-ke ihlanganisa kukakhokho, futhi leli khono kulahleka.

Uma sikhuluma isakhiwo izinwele igobolondo, okokuqala kunakho konke, nathi kufanele ugcizelele siqonde izici zaso ezicashile. Lesi sici sikusiza unwele ukuba zikwazi ukuthola izakhi. iseli lakhe cishe ngokuphelele elalihlala vacuole sizungezwe ungqimba ezondile cytoplasm. Umnyombo itholakala phezulu. Isikhala eduzane neseli icala lwamafinyila ekhethekile, lula gluing izinwele impande ne izinhlayiya ezincane inhlabathi substrate. Ngenxa lokhu kwandisa inhlabathi hydrophilic.

Isakhiwo ngesiphambano impande ku zone ukuncela

Zone empandeni izinwele nazo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo (lunye). Lena akukho ngozi. Kukulo muzi lapho esigabeni cross kungabonwa abanye zokulala. Kuyinto ngenxa kwamangqamuzana zezendlalelo ngaphakathi impande.

Ithebula "impande isakhiwo sesigabeni isiphambano" abekwe ngezansi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona umehluko phakathi cortex. ungqimba saso libizwa exoderm, yangaphakathi - endoderm, ne okuyisisekelo parenchyma therebetween. Kuyinto kule ungqimba Lesisemkhatsini simiswe inqubo isiqondiso endaweni izitsha ugodo isixazululo izakhi. Futhi, in the parenchyma kwemiqondo abanye kubalulekile ukutshala udaba eziphilayo. Ngakho, isakhiwo sangaphakathi impande ikuvumela ukuba siyazise ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kanye nokubaluleka nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngamunye izingqimba.

endaweni ubambe

Kutholwe ngaphezu kwendawo eyanele. Ubude ngobukhulu futhi kwesigaba kakhulu ezimangelengele impande. Kulapha ukuthi ukunyakaza ibalulekile impilo plant we izinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ezinhle kwezicubu kokuqhuba kule ndawo. I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi impande kubangela endaweni yekhono layo ukuthutha impahla zombili izinkomba. Yamanje uplink (phezulu) Umbutho amanzi nge compounds amaminerali siphela. A phansi zilethwe organic compounds behileleka okuyinto e impande amaseli esibalulekile. Zone of - indawo imfundo izimpande lateral.

Isakhiwo ihlumela impande emabhontjisi iyibonisa ngokucacile izigaba eziyinhloko kwetinhlavu isitshalo impande.

Izici isakhiwo isitshalo izimpande: isilinganiso ngaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba izingxenye

Ukuze izitshalo eziningi ejwayelekile lokhu ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo impande, okuholela predominance yayo phezu komhlabathi ingxenye. Isibonelo salokhu iklabishi, okuyinto ukujula impande angase akhule by 1.5 amamitha. ububanzi kungenzeka 1 kuya 2 amamitha.

Apple uhlelo impande ukhula ukuze kuthatha isikhala, ububanzi ongafinyelela amamitha 12.

Futhi ukuphakama isitshalo alfalfa bomhlaba ingeqi cm 60. Nakuba ubude impande awasona 2 amamitha.

Zonke izitshalo ezihlala ezindaweni nenhlabathi sandy namatshe izimpande ezinde kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi nenhlabathi ezifana namanzi kanye nezinto eziphilayo ijulile kakhulu. Ngo ukuvela isitshalo isikhathi eside ukuze ulungise kwale mibandela, kancane kancane kokushintsha isakhiwo impande. Ngenxa yalokho, banesikhathi ukufinyelela ukujula lapho ungakwazi agodliwe umzimba isitshalo kufanele kunesidingo sokuba ukukhula nokuthuthuka izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, impande ameva ikamela kungenzeka 20 amamitha ukujula.

Umsuka izinwele kakolweni branched kakhulu ukuze ubude bawo Imininingwane ongafinyelela 20 km. Nokho, lokhu akukhona ukubaluleka mkhawulo. Unlimited ukukhula apical of izimpande ngokungabi bikho kokuncintisana ixhumene nezinye izitshalo kungandisa lesi silinganiso ngisho izikhathi eziningana.

ukuguqulwa izimpande

Isakhiwo izimpande zezinye izitshalo ziyahlukahluka, ukwakha ukuguqulwa okuthiwa. Lolu hlobo lithathelwe isitshalo eziphilayo ezitholakala engokwemvelo ethize. Ngezansi incazelo ezinye izinguquko.

Umsuka nezilimo eziyizigaxa kukhona isici dahlia, Chistyakov namanye izitshalo. Kwakheka ngumuntu ukuqina izimpande adventitious kanye lateral.

Ivy futhi Icilongo futhi izici ezahlukene kwesakhiwo kwezitho vegetative. Bangabaholi izimpande okuthiwa-slinging ukuthi ubavumele ukuba abambelele umi eceleni kwe sihlahla nezinye kusekela ukuthi kukhona esandleni sabo.

izimpande Aerial, elinesimo obuphelele enkulu ukuncela namanzi zikhona monstera nama-orchid.

Rising upwardly izimpande zokuphefumula eyayihilelekile ekusilandeleni umsebenzi zokuphefumula. Kube kufanele ixhaphozi umsayipuresi, willow ziyaqothuka.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-flora, ukwakha neqembu elikhethiwe isitshalo-amagciwane, kukhona amathuluzi asiza ukuba ukungena stem aphethe. Lokhu okuthiwa-sucker izimpande. Isici Mistletoe, dodder.

imifino okunjalo njengoba izaqathe, beet, radishes, zikhona imifino impande, okuyinto kwakheka ngenxa overgrowth empandeni main, lapho izakhi agodliwe.

Ngakho, izici isakhi impande zalesi sihlahla, okuholela ukwakheka zokuguqulwa, kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Khona-ke abakhululiwe eziyinhloko olwenzeka endaweni nokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo.