Ukunyakaza Mechanical sabantu - kungenxa umqondo futhi kanjani it libhekene?

ukunyakaza Mechanical sabantu - umqondo ezaziwa ngokuthi ukufuduka. Kuyinqubo lapho kukhona ushintsho endaweni ohlala abantu noma amaqembu omphakathi, njengoba akusho e-ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, endaweni noma esifundeni ezindawo.

ukunyakaza Mechanical sabantu kwamanye amazwe

Izinga ukufuduka kanye isiqondiso yayo iyahluka kakhulu emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ukuze Ngokwesibonelo, ukunyakaza mechanical labantu eNyakatho neMelika libhekene kufuduka ukukhula. Ngamanye amazwi, inani ukufika lapha isikhathi eside noma yokuhlala unomphela ngaphezu kwenani kokushiya. Kwamanye amazwe, isibonelo, e-Azerbaijan, kukhona lobudlelwano. ukunyakaza Mechanical sabantu eRussia libhekene ukwehla engokwemvelo 75% inxeshezelwa ukufuduka. Russia ku umthamo yayo ibekwe njengezwe lesithathu emhlabeni, yesibili kuphela e-United States futhi eJalimane. Mayelana ¾ kwababaleki - ukukhuluma labantu lithi CIS.

Ukuthuthela ku obanzi futhi ayibanzi

Ngomqondo obanzi, kuthathwa ngokuthi noma yikuphi ukunyakaza abantu. Esikhathini ewumngcingo, yena libhekisela empambana imingcele ezithile kukhona ushintsho endaweni yokuhlala noma isikhathi eside noma kuze kube phakade.

Kwangaphandle futhi ukuthuthela yangaphakathi

Migration kungenziwa labizwa ngezizathu eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngokuthi ngabe umlingisi kuyinto empambana imingcele sabantu, ezahlukeneyo kwakhona okulandelayo.

• kufuduka Yangaphakathi - ukuhamba abantu ngaphakathi kwesinye isifundazwe phakathi emikhakheni yezomnotho-kwendawo noma zokuphatha, ezindaweni (ezihambayo ngomuzi nomzana ngomzana, kwelinye idolobha, nomzana edolobheni, kwelinye idolobha).
• kufuduka sangaphandle libhekisela empambana imingcele yezwe. Kuhlanganisa labafikako ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe.

Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe futhi wezifiki

Sizokhuluma mayelana nomehluko phakathi le miqondo emibili efanayo-ukuzwakala. Igama elithi "ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe" lisuselwa elithi lesiLatini elisho ukuthi "baphinde", "evicted". Ngakho ukunyakaza mechanical sabantu okuthiwa owela (ophoqelelwe noma yokuzithandela, ihlelwe noma gravity) kwesinye State okwesikhathi zesikhashana isikhathi eside, noma njengoba unomphela. Ezimweni eziningi, ihlobene ushintsho yisakhamuzi.

Igama elithi "wezifiki" futhi livela olimini lwesiLatini futhi lisho "Unikeze". Lokhu ukuhamba mechanical sabantu - lena kokungena kwakhe ku lizwe ngesikhathi (isikhathi) noma imvume yokuhlala unomphela, ikakhulu ukuba ushintsho lobuzwe.

Ukuthuthela ku Ukucwaninga ubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile enye inqubo okuthiwa "kabusha labantu." Kule isikhundla ngokuvamile sichazwa njengenani ukunyakaza mechanical sabantu.

izinkomba quantitative ukunyakaza mechanical sabantu

Ngokutadisha ukufuduka, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye izenzakalo ezihlobene lwabantu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izici zabo ambalwa. ukunyakaza Mechanical sabantu - into okungukuthi maqondana abantu abahlala noma yimuphi umngcele (idolobha, isifunda, izwe, njll) Ingabe ihlukaniswe ngokufika abantu abavela ngaphandle futhi bashiyele inzalo yabo imikhawulo wakhe.

Ibhalansi ye kufuduka (kufuduka net noma kwenye indawo kwe net) limelela umehluko phakathi inombolo kufika kanye kusukwe nganoma yisiphi ngesikhathi esinikeziwe. Kunenye kuyinkomba ebaluleke. Lena ivolumu ukufuduka. Kuchazwa yisibalu kufika kanye kusukwe. Ivolumu kufuduka ubizwa nangokuthi kufuduka okwedlulele noma kwenye indawo kwe okwedlulele.

Ungaboniswa inombolo kufika kanye kusukwe e izinombolo eziphelele sikwazi nikubone ngeso lengqondo ukuthi ukunyakaza lonke mechanical sabantu. Lo mbono, Nokho, akazivezi ukushuba inqubo isithakazelo. Phela, kukhona ubuhlobo phakathi sebebonke futhi inani kusukwe kanye Kufika, ezingasetshenziswa futhi kucatshangelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba mechanical sabantu libhekene eziningi ukusebenza isihlobo. We bakutshele mayelana leyo ebaluleke kakhulu.

izinkomba isihlobo

Migration umfutho is esikalini njengoba izinkomba isihlobo, okuyinto abizwa okuza ahlukahlukene okujula. Sibala kwamasonto ayinhloko.

• ukufika izinga (ezibizwa ngokuthi R) - isilinganiso isibalo Ukufika nabantu bakuleli insimu inikezwe.
• Coefficient zokuchithwa kwemfucumfucu ekhiqizwa (Ap) - isilinganiso sabantu umhlala endaweni.
• Ibhalansi eyisihlobo kufuduka (Kc) - isilinganiso umehluko kufika kanye kusukwe sabantu sabantu.
• ukuhamba Ubude isilinganiso (CR) - isilinganiso imvelaphi uya khona, okungukuthi, zonke ukunyakaza ezifudukayo, nesibalo abakhileyo insimu inikezwe.

Lezi nemingcele eziyisisekelo ukunyakaza mechanical sabantu.

Izingxenye kufuduka

Kwakuvamile ukuba phakathi ukuhlaziya ukuthuthela kudingekile ukuba ngivule tincenye ehlukile. Chaza kafushane ebaluleke kakhulu kubo. Ngokuvamile labelwe kufuduka notshwala. Leli qembu kwababaleki abanale izindawo ezivamile ukufika noma achithwe noma alahlwe. Ungashayela futhi enye ingxenye ingxenye, okuyinto evame kuqokonyiswa abacwaningi. Kuyinto mayelana nokuthuthwa nezincelebana ezimele iqoqo abantu ababelana isikhathi kwenye indawo kwe ezivamile.

Ukwakheka abantu ababhekene kufakwe ukunyakaza mechanical sabantu - liphinde yokuthi kubaluleke kakhulu. Lezi abantu zinezikhathi isigaba sezenhlalo, ubudala nobulili, ubuzwe kanye nabanye. Phela, ukufuduka ukuhamba phakathi ezifundwa amaqembu abantu abahlala heterogeneous. Ukwakheka kwababaleki kuholela izinguquko eziphawulekayo isakhiwo sabantu ezindaweni sokufika nezindawo lendabuko.

emininingwaneni yabantu Ukuxhumana nokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe

ukunyakaza Mechanical sabantu, sihlobene nezenzakalo ezithile zokuphila komuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, ne ekuqaleni noma ekugcineni umsebenzi, ekupheleni wezemfundo, ukuya empini, njll Isiphetho futhi. I ekunqanyulweni somshado, sokuzalwa kwezingane, kanye nezinye izenzakalo ezihlobene umjikelezo lokubala ubuningi babantu - kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekuphileni wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, nemingcele ezihlobene lwabantu (isimo somshado, ubudala futhi nenombolo njll), Yiba elikhulu izinqubo ezihlobene ne-ukufuduka. Ziyakwazi omunye nenqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ngazo egqanyisiwe lobuzwe ekuhloleni ezinyakazayo yayo lokukhanda.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, amaqembu ehlukene zinezikhathi ukuhamba ezahlukene. Migration, okuyinto wafunda ngokuya ngegalelo lako izinkomba ngaphakathi izigaba ngazinye sabantu, ngokuthi umehluko. cwaningo zayo kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko eziphawula ukunyakaza mechanical labantu ezifundeni ezahlukene, ubudala, ubuzwe, zenhlalo-professional kanye namanye amaqembu. Ekuhloleni lolu hlobo ukufuduka, okokuqala kunakho konke banake umehluko ezikhona amaqembu wobudala. Phela, lezi izinhlangano nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu ngokuya ukunyakaza mechanical sabantu.

Migration ukuhlanganisa nge ubulili

Izinkomba kufuduka ukuhamba nazo ziyehluka kuya ngokuthi ubulili. Phakathi kwababaleki emazweni amaningi lembula inzuzo amadoda. Nokho, lo mthetho akuyona jikelele. Kwamanye amazwe, ezinkathini othile kwakukhona inezinga eliphakeme abesifazane ungaphakathi notshwala ezifudukayo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Europe esikhathini esidlule yayibuswa wobulili fair phakathi osethathe umhlalaphansi. Kulesi sisekelo, E. Reyvenstayn, Umhloli wamazwe oyiNgisi kwekhulu le-19, wadala imithetho enokwehla kwabantu. Ngo omunye wabo kwakuthiwa abesifazane ngokuvamile aba maningi amathuba okuba uthuthe kunabantu.

Inani lezingane futhi isimo somshado

Isibalo sezingane emndenini futhi isimo somshado futhi kuncike ukuhamba sabantu. Nokho, lobu buhlobo akuzona ngakho eyodwa emaceleni, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-isithakazelo kithi ngenxa ukushuba inqubo ngeminyaka. Akuzona kuphela izingane kungathinta ukuhamba ukufuduka. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, inombolo yabo linganquma degree of ukuhamba. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umkhaya wathuthela njalo, kungase ukuhlehlisa udaba lokuzalwa yezingane. Ngenxa yalokho, inani incipha.

Amandla ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Migration ukuhamba sabantu kunemtselela ngesilinganiso ukugeleza izinqubo zokukhiqiza kabusha. Futhi lokhu kusebenza kabusha kokubili labantu avaliwe futhi evulekile. Kulo mBhalo, ukuthuthelwa ukushintsha ngezithako zawo kanye nosayizi ngqo. Izinguquko ubulili yobudala Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Uma amadoda yibona phakathi zifiki, kanjalo nabantu sengathi phakathi kwabo kukhona iphesenti eliphezulu abamele amaqembu abasebasha abaseminyakeni yokusebenza (iminyaka 16-30), kukhona feminization kwabakhileyo kule nsimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuholela ukuguga yayo ezindaweni umhlalaphansi kanye isibalo esiphezulu izinsizwa ezindaweni zokuhlala.

Mechanical futhi Ebalulekile

Ekuphetheni, Ngithanda wazi umehluko phakathi imiqondo emibili ebalulekile. Mechanical futhi ukunyakaza zemvelo sabantu - lokhu akuyona into efanayo. ukunyakaza yemvelo - lokhu ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Ngobuhlobo bakhe ukuthuthelwa, sakhuluma kafushane kulesi sihloko. It libhekene ezingeni wokukhula ongokwemvelo, ukufa, inzalo bempilo. Izinkomba zokukhula zemvelo, ukufa nenzalo ngokuvamile wezwakalisa quantitatively ezingxenyeni ngalinye elinabantu abayizigidi ngamunye izinkulungwane.