Izici ze-anthropogenic: izibonelo. Kuyini isici se-anthropogenic?

Isilinganiso semisebenzi yabantu senyuke kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule, okusho ukuthi izici ezintsha ze-anthropogenic nazo zivele. Izibonelo zomthelela, indawo nendima yesintu ekuguquleni indawo yokuhlala - ngakho konke lokhu kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Iyini imvelo yokuphila?

Ingxenye yemvelo yomhlaba, lapho izilwane zihlala khona, yindawo yazo yokuhlala. Ubuhlobo obumphumela, indlela yokuphila, ukukhiqiza, inani lezidalwa ezifundwa yizinto eziphilayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemvelo zihlukaniswa: inhlabathi, amanzi kanye nomoya. Kunezinto eziphilayo ezilungele ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa noma ezintathu, isibonelo izitshalo zasogwini.

Izakhi zomuntu ngamunye ezihlangene nezidalwa eziphilayo futhi phakathi kwazo ziyizinto eziphilayo. Ngamunye wabo akahleleki. Kodwa emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, izici ze-anthropogenic ziye zaba iplanethi. Nakuba ikhulu leminyaka leminyaka edlule, ithonya lomphakathi emvelweni alinakunakekelwa ngokwanele, futhi eminyakeni eyi-150 eyedlule isayensi yezinto zemvelo yayisencane.

Yiziphi izimo zemvelo?

Izimo zemvelo zingase zihluke kakhulu: isikhala, ulwazi, amandla, amakhemikhali, kanye nezulu. Noma yiziphi izingxenye zemvelo ezivela emzimbeni, emakhemikhali noma ezivela emvelweni yizici zemvelo. Zithinta ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile izinhlobo eziphilayo zezinto eziphilayo, abantu, yonke i-biocenosis. Azikho izinto ezimbalwa ezihambisana nemisebenzi yabantu, isibonelo, isici sokukhathazeka. Izici eziningi ze-anthropogenic zithinta umsebenzi obalulekile wezinto eziphilayo, isimo se-biocenoses kanye nemvilophu yemvelo . Izibonelo:

• Ukunyuka kwamagesi okushisa emkhathini kubangela ushintsho lwezulu;
• I-monoculture kwezolimo ibangela ukuqubuka kwenani lezinto eziphilayo ezilimazayo;
• Amalahle aholela ekushintsheni emphakathini wesitshalo;
• Ukunciphisa amahlathi kanye nokwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla kagesi wamanzi kushintsha umbuso wemifula.

Yiziphi izici zemvelo?

Izimo ezithinta iziphilayo eziphilayo kanye nendawo yokuhlala, ngezindawo, zingahle zibhekiswe kumunye wamaqembu amathathu:

• Izimo ezingenasici, noma ezimbi (imisebe yelanga, umoya, izinga lokushisa, amanzi, umoya, usawoti);
• Izimo ze-biotic ezihlotshaniswa nokuhlalisana kwamagciwane ezincane, izilwane, izitshalo, ezithinta omunye nomunye, ngesimo esingenamvelo;
• Izici ze-anthropogenic zemvelo - umphumela ohlanganisiwe wendawo yomhlaba emvelweni.

Zonke lezi maqembu zibalulekile. Yonke into engokwemvelo ayinakwenzeka. Isibonelo, ubuningi bamanzi abukwenzeli inani lezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali nokukhanya okudingekayo ekutshaleni izitshalo.

Kuyini isici se-anthropogenic?

Isayensi esemqoka ehlolisisa imvelo yimihlaba yonke, imvelo yabantu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Zisekelwe emininingwaneni yemvelo yemvelo, isebenzisa kakhulu umbono we "izici ze-anthropogenic". I-Anthropos ngesiGreki isho ukuthi "umuntu", ama-genos ahunyushwa ngokuthi "umsuka". Igama elithi "factor" livela kwisiLatini ("ukwenza, ukukhiqiza"). Ngakho izimo zithonya izinqubo, amandla abo okushayela abizwa.

Noma yimuphi umthelela womuntu eziphilayo, yonke imvelo - yizici ze-anthropogenic. Izibonelo zikhona kokubili okuhle nokubi. Kunezimo zezinguquko ezinhle emvelweni ngenxa yokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Kodwa kaningi umphakathi unomthelela omuhle, ngezinye izikhathi owonayo ku-biosphere.

Indawo nendima ye-anthropogenic factor ekushintsheni ukubukeka komhlaba

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi wezomnotho lwabantu oluchaphazela izixhumanisi phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, ngokuvamile kuholela ekwephuleni kwabo. Ama-anthropogenic avela esakhiweni sezinhlaka zemvelo namazwe:

• Izinsimu, izingadi nezithelo zemifino;
• Amanzi, amachibi, imigodi;
• Amapaki, amabhande asehlathini;
• Amadlelo amasiko.

Ukufana okufana nomuntu kwezakhiwo zemvelo kuqhutshwa phambili yizici ze-anthropogenic, biotic and abiotic zemvelo. Izibonelo: ukwakheka kwamahlane - ezindaweni zokulima; Ukudlulela kwamachibi.

Umuntu uthinta kanjani imvelo?

Ubuntu - ingxenye ye-biosphere yomhlaba - isikhathi eside sithembele ngokuphelele ezimweni zemvelo ezungezile . Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okusebenza, umuntu ngokwakhe waba yinto ebalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo nezinye izinqubo emhlabeni. Okokuqala, kumele sikhulume ngokuphatha amandla kagesi, amandla kagesi kanye ne-athomu. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye engaphezulu ye-crust of earth ishintshile kakhulu, ukufuduka kwe-athomu kwe-biogenic kuye kwanda.

Yonke ukuhlukahluka komthelela womphakathi emvelweni - yizici ze-anthropogenic. Izibonelo zethonya elibi:

• Ukunciphisa izinsiza zamaminerali;
• Ukunciphisa amahlathi;
• Ukungcoliswa komhlaba;
• Ukuzingela nokudoba;
• Ukuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zasendle.

Ithonya elihle lomuntu kwi-biosphere lixhunywe nezinyathelo zemvelo. Kukhona ukuthungulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokudla, ukuhlaziywa komhlaba nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukulinganisa izilwane (izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izinhlanzi).

Yini eyenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuhlobo phakathi kwendoda ne-biosphere?

Izibonelo ezingenhla zezici ze-anthropogenic zemvelo, ukungenela kwabantu emvelweni kubonisa ukuthi umthelela ungaba nomphumela omuhle futhi ungalungile. Lezi zimpawu zinemibandela, ngoba ithonya elihle ngaphansi kwezimo ezishintsha kaningi liba lihlukile, okungukuthi, lithola umbala omubi. Imisebenzi yabantu iningi lokulimaza imvelo kunokuhle. Leli qiniso lichazwa ukwephulwa kwemithetho yemvelo eye yasebenza izigidi zeminyaka.

Kusukela ngo-1971, i-International Biological Program "Man and the Biosphere" yamukelwa yi-United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko kwakuwukufunda nokuvimbela izinguquko ezimbi endaweni. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlangano zemvelo nezindala zezemvelo, izinhlangano zesayensi zithinteka kakhulu ngokulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Indlela yokuthuthukisa impilo yemvelo?

Sithole ukuthi isiphi isifo se-anthropogenic sezinto eziphilayo, i-biology, i-geography nezinye izayensi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inhlalakahle yomphakathi wesintu, impilo yezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo zabantu zixhomeke kwikhwalithi kanye nezinga lethonya lomsebenzi wezomnotho emvelweni. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ingozi yemvelo ehambisana nendima ekhulayo yenkinga yezici ze-anthropogenic.

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, ngisho nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo akukwanele ukuqinisekisa impilo yemvelo. Kungase kube yinto engalungile empilweni yabantu ngaphansi kwezilwane ezihlukahlukene, kodwa imishanguzo enamandla, amakhemikhali kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokungcola.

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwempilo yemvelo, umuntu kanye nesilinganiso sethonya lama-anthropogenic kuyacaca. Ukunciphisa umthelela wabo omubi kudinga ukwakhiwa kwesimo sengqondo esisha emvelweni, umthwalo wokuphila okuphephile kwezilwane zasendle kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo.