Inkinga yencazelo yokuphila: singobani thina, kungani silapha futhi sihamba kuphi?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu unomatasa kangakanani nezenzo zakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudabukisayo noma kumnandi kangakanani impilo yakhe, usabhekene nombuzo: yikuphi lokhu konke? Kungani siphila uma sisaphila, ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungenzeka ukuthi labo esibathandayo bafa? Lena inkinga yencazelo yokuphila - mhlawumbe inkinga efanayo, ngomzamo wokuxazulula owavela ngefilosofi ngokwayo. Ngoba kule nkinga igxila konke okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okubalulekile kunoma yimuphi umuntu ongesabi ukucabanga ngakho.

Noma yiluphi uhlelo lwezinkolelo, imibono nemibono yefilosofi, ekugcineni, kusekelwe endleleni yokuxazulula le nkinga. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ekugcineni, zonke izivimbelo kanye nemigomo, amasiko kanye namagugu kulungele kuphela ukuthi yini futhi kungani kufanele ihlonishwe. Yingakho incazelo yokuphila kwefilosofi nokuhlobana nokuphelela kokuphila nokufa kuhlobene kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, incazelo ngayinye ihlanganiswa kulo mbuzo - okungukuthi, incazelo yempilo yomuntu othize - nencazelo yomphakathi - yokuphila komphakathi noma yesintu sonke. Ngokomlando, ifilosofi iyazazi izinhlobo ezintathu zezinkinga kule nkinga.

Eyokuqala kwalokhu kuyindlela yendabuko esekelwe ekukholweni. Ukuphila kunengqondo uma kuphakade. Lapho konke okungcono onayo kungabikho, uma kungekho okubi noma isikhathi, kodwa kuphela injabulo yaphakade nokugcwele. Kodwa ukuze uzuze impilo enjalo - ukuvusa emva kokufa ngokomzimba kwelinye izwe - umuntu kumele ahlangane nobunye ngisho naphezu kokuphila, noma noNkulunkulu, futhi agcine imiyalelo kanye nokulinganiselwa okuvela phezulu. Inkinga yencazelo yokuphila ngale ndlela isuswe yisifiso kuNkulunkulu nokuphila okuphakade. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo eziningi zenkolo zifuna futhi zifuna ukulahlwa komuntu, noma zihlanganyela isikhundla esihogweni nokufa okuphakade kulabo abangagcini izimiso zikaNkulunkulu.

Ukuhambisana nenkolo engokwenkolo, yezenkolo kubonisa ukuthi ikusasa lomuntu ukuhlela noma ukuvuselela umhlaba ngendlela yokuthi abantu abahlupheki noma beswele, kodwa baphile ngokuvumelana nemigomo yobulungiswa nobuzalwane. Ngenxa yale nqubekela phambili, kukhona umuntu ohlala khona. Ngandlela-thile, le ndlela ifaka iparadesi evela kwelinye izwe kuze kube sesikhathini esizayo. Kodwa uma indlela yenkolo ivame ukuguqula umuntu ngamunye ngamaphutha akhe noma ukungakholelwa kuye isithiyo esidinga ukunqotshwa, khona-ke inkinga yencazelo yokuphila esimweni sezwe yombuzo iba yinto eyodwa kuphela, futhi abantu baba yinto ethile yama-humus ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Enye indlela, ngendlela engavamile yendabuko, ibeka phambili inkolelo yokuthi ukuphila okunjalo okuvela kunoma yimiphi imithetho ephakeme noma amanani akukhona, futhi ukuphila komuntu kuphelile. Ngakho-ke, sidinga ukuyisebenzisa futhi siyinike incazelo yokuthi thina ngokwethu sifisa ukukunikeza. Ngakho-ke, umuntu uyaphuza, adle futhi ajabule, ngoba kusasa uzofa, noma uyazikhethela ukuthi uzoba yisisulu emzabalazweni wokuthi ungubani, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo engathemba lutho. Kodwa inkinga yencazelo yokuphila kuleli cala ibonakala igxila ngemuva futhi ifihlekile, ifihliwe. Ukuhlukanisa ubuqhawe bale ndlela, akubona bonke abanesibindi, ngakho-ke abasekeli balolu daba badinga ukunqoba ukuphelelwa ithemba nokuhlupheka, ikakhulukazi ngoba indlela enjalo , ukuvumelanisa nokuphila kokufa, ayixazulula inkinga yokufa kwabathandekayo.

Inkinga yencazelo yokuphila kwefilosofi kanye nentuthuko yayo yomlando iphinde isenze sibone ukuthi abantu abaningi abadumile, abadumile ngokuhlakanipha kwabo, babelane ngale ndlela noma leyo ndlela. Ngakho-ke, uDiogenes, u-Epicurus, u-Nietzsche, nokubhuka okunye, i-Spinoza ingabizwa abalandeli bokubona ukuthi ukuphila kuhlose ngokwayo, futhi umuntu kufanele aqaphele futhi asebenzise lokhu, ezama ukuthola injabulo, ukuthula kwangaphakathi, ukufeza "intando yokusebenza" nokunye . I-Aristotle, i-Marx, i-Feuerbach, i-Mill ikhethe ukubona injongo yokuphila ekufezeni izifiso zomphakathi. Ngokuqondene nefilosofi yaseGibhithe, yamaNdiya, yamaShayina, uSocrates noPlato, izitayela ezihlukahlukene zefilosofi yamaKristu namaSulumane, ifilosofi yaseYurophu yama-classic, ikakhulukazi kumuntu kaKant, ngokuyinhloko babelana ngendlela yenkolo, ngisho noma bevame ukugxeka eziningi zokungaphumeleli kwayo. Ngokungafani nalokhu yifilosofi yokukhona kwezwe, abameleli bayo nabo bangaqondiswa indlela yokuziphilisa, engekho uNkulunkulu noma yenkolo. Kodwa umnikelo wabo ekutadisheni le nkinga kuhlanganisa ukuphenya inqubo ye "isimo sezomngcele", lapho umuntu ngokuzumayo ethola isimo esibucayi, "sokufa" futhi, ekunqobeni, uyakwazi ukuthola inkululeko futhi aqonde incazelo yakhe.