I-Fate ne-biography ka-Stepan Razin

Ayikho ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi lapho uStan Razin ezalwa khona. Nokho, lolu suku lungatholakala emithonjeni yesibili. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Dutchman Jan Jansen Streis, owayehamba eRussia, wabona izikhathi eziningana isigameko esidumile. Encwadini yakhe wabhala ukuthi ngo-1670, uRazin wayeneminyaka engu-40 ubudala, okubonisa ukuthi wazalwa cishe ngo-1630.

Imininingwane ye-Biography

Kuphela iqiniso lokuthi u-ataman odumile owazalwa kuDon uyaziwa kahle. I-Biography kaStean Razin yaqala esifundeni samanje seVolgograd, lapho ekhulwini le-XVII kwakunezindawo eziningi nemizana yaseCossack. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakunamafilimu amaningi kanye nezinganekwane, okwakungokwemvelo ngaleso sikhathi. I-Biography kaStean Razin yaba into yokuhlonishwa kwiCossacks. Idumela lakhe lalingathandwa ngu- Emelyan Pugachev, owayevame ukukhuluma ngaye ngaphambi kokuvuswa kwakhe.

Ngo-1652 I-biography kaStean Razin yakhuliswa ngesenzakalo esibalulekile kulokhu okugcina. Uba ngumuntu ongenamuntu. Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva uSten wahlanganyela emkhankasweni wokulwa neCrimean Khan. Ngaphandle kweCosacks, ibutho lalihlanganisa amaKalmyks namaZaporozhians. Khona-ke iRussia yazivikela ngokumelene namaTatars aseCrimea ngeqhwa elikhulu lamasosha mahhala ayefake eningizimu yezwe.

URazin wayenomfowabo omdala, u-Ivan. Wayengumuntu we-Don Army. Ama-Cossacks akhe ahlukile e-freestyle naseziphatheni ezinobudlova, ngenxa yokuthi babehlale bephikisana nezithunywa ze-tsarist. I-Moscow voevoda u-Yuri Dolgorukov ngesikhathi sokuphikisana okunjalo kwayala u-Ivan ukuba abulawe ngenxa yokungalaleli. Lokhu kusetha u-Stepan ngokumelene nohulumeni we-tsarist.

Isimo se-Cossacks

Ikhulu le-XVII ngokujwayelekile lathola igama lesiteketiso elithi "buntashnogo" ngenxa yokuvuswa kwamazwe amaningi. Abantu basekhaya baqala ukungena esitokisini kubanikazi bezindlu, emva kokuba iSobornaya Ulozhenie yamukelwa ngo-1649 . Abasimilayo babalekela ebugqilini beDon, abazange banikeze ababaleki. Ngonyaka wama-70 eningizimu yezwe inani elikhulu lama Cossacks asanda kuguqulwa seliqoqiwe. Leli cala laliyi-intransigent kakhulu ekuphathweni kwe-tsarist, abaningi abasolwa ngokuphathwa kabi kwabantu basemaphandleni.

Abalimi ababa yiCocsacks babizwa ngokuthi "golutnevnye". Bathola ukuphila kwabo ngokuphanga imikhumbi eVolga. Abadala besikhathi babheka lesi simo ngeminwe yabo ...

Ukuhamba ukuya ePheresiya

Ngo-1667 uStean Razin waba umholi wendiza enjalo. I-biography emfushane ye-ataman encwadini yomlando ihlanganisa imibhalo emkhankasweni wokulwa nePheresiya. Ngempela, lokhu kwakungokuqala kwezempi okuhlangenwe nakho kwesibindi. Emagcekeni aphansi eVolga, amaCosacks akhe aphanga abathengisi ngisho nemikhumbi eyayiyingxenye yomProfethi omkhulu uJosafu. Izisebenzi, izisebenzi kanye nabanye abantu abathengisa emfuleni izindiza ezinamandla bajoyina inhlangano.

Ukuphanga kwabadayisi akuphazanyisanga eMoscow, okwakukude kakhulu. Kodwa lapho ama-Cossacks ehlula umonakalo futhi athola ngisho nedolobha laseYaitsky, imingcele evamile yendawo evumelekile yaphulwa.

Ngonyaka omusha ka-1668, emva kokubanda ebusika e-Yaik, ibutho likaRazin laya e-Caspian Sea. Lapha kuqala ukuhlangana namandla we- Persian shah. URazin wajoyina amaCycascassia nezinye izakhamuzi zaseNyakatho Caucasus. Ngamabutho anjalo ngoJulayi, amaRussia alwa namaPheresiya e-Pig Island. Lokhu kwakuyinqola enkulu kunazo zonke zasendlini yolwandle ngekhulu le-XVII. Impi yavela eceleni kweBaku. AmaPheresiya anqotshwa, futhi amaCosacks athola imali. Kodwa njengoba isimo sasizungezile, lesi siphetho sabuyela e-Astrakhan, lapho samukelwa khona ababusi basebukhosini.

Ukuvuswa okudumile

Ngonyaka olandelayo isayensi ye-Stepan Razin yabonakala ngokuvukela okuvulekile ngokumelene ne-tsar. Wathumela izincwadi eningizimu yezwe, lapho ebiza khona wonke umuntu owayefuna ukuthola intando yokujoyina naye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona isiko labakhohlisi, esasetshenziswa nguStean Razin. I-biography emfushane yalowo ohambela phambili uqhubeke kanje: waxoshwa ukuthi uyinindlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, u-Aleksey Alekseyevich, owayesanda kufa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-tsar yahlangana noPatriatriot Tikhon, owathunyelwa ekuthunjweni. Esebenzisa lokhu, uRazin wabuye wathi umpristi ophakeme naye uyamsekela. Abalimi babengadingi ubufakazi, bahamba ngokuzithandela ngaphansi kwesibhakela sakhe.

Ukusekelwa kwabantu kwasiza uRazin ukuba athathe i-Astrakhan, i-Saratov, i-Tsaritsyn neSamara. Ukuhamba phezulu, ama-Cossacks ayeseduze noSimbirsk. Ukuvinjezelwa kwakhe kwaqala ngo-1670. I-oda yazinika uRazin Stepan Timofeevich. I-Biography ataman ithi impilo yeCossack enesibindi yayisezingeni elilinganayo. Wahamba kakhulu kangangokuthi ukuhluleka ngeke kumshiye ithuba lokuphila.

Ukunciphisa nokubulawa

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ibutho lamasosha angu-60 000 lase lisuka eMoscow. URazintsy wanqotshwa futhi waphonswa emuva eSimbirsk. UStean wabaleka, kodwa akazange afune ukusekelwa yiCosacks, owayengafuni ukuhlazeka. Ngenxa yalokho, uRazin wathunjwa yizakwabo ozakwabo, abazinikele ku-tsar ngo-Ephreli 1671. Ngo-June 6, umholi wokuvukela okuthandwayo wawuhlukaniswe.

Kwenzeka eMoscow ku-Square ye-Bolotnaya ukuze kuqinisekiswe wonke umuntu. Noma kunjalo, wonke umuntu usakhumbula ukuthi uRazin Stepan Timofeevich ungubani. I-biography emfushane ye-ataman yaba yisisekelo sezingoma eziningi zezintandokazi, ezisekhona namuhla.