Ukuwa kwe-USSR nokubunjwa kwe-CIS

Ekhuluma ngeSoviet Union, kumele kuboniswe ukuthi lokhu kwakuyisikhathi esinzima kakhulu emlandweni wezwe. Yingakho izizathu zokuhlukaniswa kwazo zihlukene kangaka.

Kodwa kunjalo, kungani ukwehla kwe-USSR nokubunjwa kwe-CIS kwenzeka? Lokhu kwaqondiswa yizehlakalo eziningi ezilandelayo:

1. Inkinga yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho, ngenxa yalokho okwaba khona ukuhlukana kwezomnotho phakathi kwama-republics, kwakukhona izingxabano zamazwe, okubangela ekubhujisweni kwesistimu yeSoviet.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-1988, amazwe aseBaltic, iLithuania, i-Estonia neLatvia baqala ukuphuma eSoviet Union. Ngonyaka ofanayo, ingxabano yase-Armenia-Azerbaijani iqala. Futhi ngo-1990 wonke ama-republic azimemezela ubukhosi.

2. Ukuwa kwe-CPSU, okwakuyisizathu sokwakha uhlelo lwezinkampani eziningi eminyakeni engu-90-91, futhi amaqembu abambe iqhaza ahlongozwa ukuqeda iNyunyana.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-USSR nokubunjwa kwe-CIS nakho kwenzeka ngoba isikhungo esihlangene, esingenamandla okugcina amandla ngentando yeningi, sisebenzisa amandla empi (eTbilisi, Baku, Riga, Vilnius naseMoscow, naseDushanbe, Fergana, njll). Zonke lezi zenzakalo nazo zasizwa ukusongelwa kokudalwa kwesinye isivumelwano se-Union Treaty, esasungulwa eNovo-Ogaryovo ngabameleli bama-republics.

Ingxoxo yesivumelwano yaphela ngokuvotela, ngenxa yalokho iningi lalabo ababekhona lasekela ukugcinwa kweSoviet Union. Le phrojekthi entsha yabona ukuwa kweSoviet Union nokudala i-SSG, okungukuthi, izifundazwe ezilinganayo. Ukusayina kwesivumelwano kwakuhlelwe ngo-Agasti 20, 1991, kodwa ama-republic amaningi enqabe ukwenza kanjalo futhi abika ukudala izifunda ezizimele.

Abantu abaningi ngaleso sikhathi ababephethe isikhundla esiphakeme eSoviet Union, banxusa uL. Gorbachev ukuthi asungule isimo esiphuthumayo kuleli zwe, kodwa wenqaba. Iningi lobuholi bombuso lenza umzamo wokubamba amandla, akuvumelanga ukuwa kwe-USSR nokubunjwa kwe-CIS. Kodwa-ke, umzamo wokubhikisha uhlulekile ngoba izixuku zazivikela inkululeko yabo yezombusazwe.

Leli qiniso liye lafakazela ukusheshiswa kokuhlukaniswa kweNyunyana, i-Gorbachev elahlekelwe ukwethembeka, kanti uYeltsin wathola ukuthandwa. Ngokushesha, ama-republic ayisishiyagalombili azwakalisa ukuzimela.

Sekuyiminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye kaDisemba i-Union Treaty yaphela, ngenkathi i-Ukraine, iBelarus neRussia ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zafinyelela isivumelwano ekudalweni kweCIS, kamuva bamema amanye amazwe ukuba ajoyine le Commonwealth.

Ukuwa kwe-USSR nokubunjwa kwe-CIS kuvulwe amathuba amasha kuma-republics asendulo. Izivumelwano eziningi zisayinwe phakathi kwezizwe ezizimele (ngokuphepha okuhlanganyelwe, ekuhlanganisweni kokuhlanganiswa kwezinkambu ezihlukahlukene, ngokubambisana nokubambisana, ekudalweni isikhala semali esihlanganisiwe). Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwesikhathi sonke se-CIS, kunezinyathelo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye nezomthetho eziye zasayina mayelana nokuvikela, ukuphepha, ukuvuleka kwemingcele njalo njalo.

Uma sicabanga ngemiphumela yokuwa kwe-USSR, kufanele siqaphe okulandelayo:

1. Izwe libe yinye yezomnotho, yezombusazwe kanye nolwazi lwezinhlelo.

2. Kwavela inombolo enkulu yezifunda ezintsha, kanye nama-republics, okuyinto yangaphambili eyayihola izimpi ezinzima kakhulu.

3. Amazwe ase-United States ne- NATO aqala ukubambisana nama-republics angaphambili.

Ngakho, ukuwa kweSoviet Union kunezizathu eziningana, kwakungenakugwema. Ngokulandelayo, esikhundleni sama-republic, izizinda ezizimele zivele nomnotho, ezombusazwe, isiko kanye nokuphila okujwayelekile. Nakuba kunemiphumela emibi yokwakhiwa kweDemocraticwealth of States Independent, kulo lonke, ukubonakaliswa kwentando yabantu kuye kwazwakala futhi kwafezwa.