Hero of the Soviet Union Lunin Nikolai Alexandrovich: biography, feat and amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

I-Lunin Nikolai Alexandrovich - I-Admiral yangemuva, izimfanelo zamakhanda eziboniswa ngobuciko ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu ye-Patriotic. Wanikezwa isihloko seHero of the Soviet Union. Umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwumyalo wemikhumbi yasemanzini. Njengomkhuzi womkhumbi wamanzi we-K-21, ngo-1942 wakwazi ukufeza i-feat eyayithinte ibhalansi yamandla aphikisayo olwandle olusenyakatho.

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lunin: biography, ebuntwaneni

U-Nikolai Alexandrovich Lunin wazalwa ngo-Agasti 21, 1907. Ubaba wabeka ukuphila kwakhe olwandle, wahlala futhi wasebenza edolobheni lase-Odessa elwandle lolwandle. Kusukela esemncane ingane yabona ulwandle nemikhumbi, okwashiya ukubonakala okucacile ekhanda lomfana omncane, futhi wanquma ukuxhumanisa ikusasa lakhe lekusasa nenkonzo kule mikhumbi. Lapho eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, kanye nomndeni wakhe, lo mfana wathuthela eMariupol. Leli dolobha likhona nasegwini. Ubaba wengane waqhubeka esebenza emkhunjini owasusa amanzi eduze nechweba lomuzi.

UNicholas waya ukuthola ulwazi esikoleni esiseduze nesiteshi sezilwandle, lapho kuleyo minyaka abantwana bebasebenzi abasebenza eNavy bafunda. Lesi sikole sasingakaze sabizwa ngokuthi isikole sabasolwandle. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-12 umfana waqala ukusebenza ngokuphila emkhunjini, esebenze njengomfana wamakhansela emkhunjini womkhumbi, lapho uyise ayekhonza khona njengomkhumbi. Ngemva kokuqeda impilo yakhe yesikole ngo-1924, le nsizwa yayizimisele ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe ngonyaka olandelayo, ngemuva kokuthuthela eRostov-on-Don, yangena kwiNavy School. Ukufunda kule sikhungo, iba yilungu leqembu lamaKhomanisi.

Umsebenzi wokuqala

Ngo-1929, lesi sikole sathweswa iziqu eLunin Nikolai Alexandrovich, futhi ngemva konyaka umfana wabizwa e-Red Army, lapho inkonzo yakhe eyinhloko yayixhunywe khona necala lokubhala. Kusukela ngo-1931, emva kokuphela kwensizakalo nokuvuselelwa, umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe weqhawe elizayo liqala. U-Lunin waqala ukusebenza njengomfundisi kwelinye lamaziko e-Odessa, khona-ke uya emkhunjini weVega, lapho eqala khona waba umsizi, bese ephethe umphathi womkhumbi. Kusukela ngo-1933 wayesebenza njengomkhumbi onogwaja oluthwala amafutha, futhi kusukela ngo-1935 waba umphathi wamanzi odoti.

Lunin Nikolai Alexandrovich (izindiza zemikhumbi yaseRussia). Ukuqala

Kusukela ngo-1935 insizakalo eya e-navy iqala. Ngo-1937 wagcwalisa izifundo zabaphathi esikhungweni semfundo yezempi. Ngemuva kwalesi senzakalo, umsebenzi uqala ngokuqondile ema-submarines. Ekuqaleni wadlala indima eyisibili emkhunjini we-U-31 kwaze kwaqala entwasahlobo ka-1938, wabe esekhonza njengomlawuli we-U-404.

Ngeshwa, ezimweni zomlando zombuso waseSoviet kwakukhona isikhathi sokucindezelwa, futhi ngo-1938 i-Lunin yathola isiphetho sosolwa. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka ozayo, mhlawumbe eqaphela iphutha, wahlulwa, wabeka isikhundla se-captain-lieutenant, wabuyiselwa endaweni yomsebenzi futhi wathunyelwa ukuyosebenza ezinkanyeni ezisenyakatho.

I-Commander Shch-421

Kusukela entwasahlobo ka-1940 kwalandela ukuqokwa komlawuli wamanqanawa Shch-421. Kwakuyisikebhe esinezikhali zempi nokuqeqesha ezempi ngaphambi kwempi. I-submarine yaqala umsebenzi wokulwa ngosuku lokuqala lwempi. Ngo-1942, ngokusho kukaLunin, umkhumbi wakhe wamabhomu wahlasela futhi wakwazi ukubhubhisa imikhumbi engu-7 yesitha ngokuthutha okuphelele kwamathani angaba ngu-50 000. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlasela okuphumelelayo kuphela okutholakala ukuqinisekiswa emadokhumenti. NgoFebruwari 5 kulo nyaka umkhumbi waseJalimane u-Consul Schulze ususwe. Ngaphandle kokucabangela lokhu, umbuso waqaphela ukufaneleka kukaLunin Nikolai Aleksandrovich, futhi ngo-1942, ukuze uphumelele olwandle, wanikezwa isihloko seHero of the Soviet Union. Ngaphezu kwesihloko sakhe, wanikezwa i-Order kaLenin kanye nemindondo yeGold Star. Umkhumbi wemikhumbi efanayo uhlonishwa nge-Order of the Red Banner.

Umlawuli we-K-21

Ngo-1942, umlawuli ovuthiwe kakade wanikezwa ubuholi benye yezinqola ezingaphansi kwamanzi angaphansi kwamanzi. Umkhumbi wamanzi onjalo wawuhamba nge-K-21. Kuze kufike leli phuzu, lesi sikebhe sivame ukulwa empini, iqembu elilwa kahle elihlelwe kahle lisebenza ebhodini lalo. Impi yayithuthukile ngokucabangela ubuchwepheshe balezo zinsuku. Esigodini sawo kwakukhona izibhamu eziningana ze-torpedo, nezikhali zokulwa nezikhali, ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhumbi wamanzi wawunezimayini. Kuthatha umyalo wesikebhe ngo-Mashi, ekuqaleni kwenyanga ezayo uLunin uyala ukukhululwa komkhumbi wamanzi omkhumbi owawulimala Sh-402. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube nguJulayi, umphathi wamabhayisezi akazange aphumelele ekubhubhiseni amabutho aseJalimane.

Lunin's feat: torpedoing le nqola Tirpitz

Ehlobo lika-1942, umkhumbi wamanzi oholwa yiLunin waya emaphethelweni aseNorway ngenhloso yemisebenzi yempi emanzini abandayo asezilwandle ezisenyakatho. Ngomhla ka-5 Julayi, amasosha ayegibele esikebheni wabona imikhumbi yamaJalimane, omunye wabo - umkhumbi "iTirpitz" kanye nabagibeli abaningi abakhulu. Umlawuli wamaphoyisa wanquma ukuhlasela imikhumbi yaseJalimane. Ngenxa yalokho, isikebhe samanzi sakhishwa amathrekhi amaningi e-torpedo salvos ezinhlosweni zesitha. Nokho, ukuhlasela ngokwayo kwenzeka ezimweni zokubonakala okuphansi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhumbi yamaJalimane yaqala ukuhamba ngokushesha, futhi ekugcineni umkhumbi wamanzi wangena ekujuleni. Ngakho-ke, uLunin akazange abone imiphumela yokuhlaselwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhuma okumbalwa kwazwakala, okujwayelekile ukulimala emkhunjini. Naphezu kokuntuleka kolwazi olubonakalayo, i-submariner uLunin Nikolai Alexandrovich yabalwa futhi yabhala ukuthi le nqola yempi yabhidliza, futhi omunye wabahamba ngezinyawo - walala.

Amaqiniso anesithakazelo evela empilweni yaseLunin

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi ubuholi baseJalimane abuzange ngandlela-thile buqinisekise ukulahlekelwa kwemikhumbi yawo. Ngemva kokuhlasela, imikhumbi ye-fascist yahamba ngesivinini sayo ngesivinini esikhulu. Ulwazi ukuthi ukulungiswa akuzange kwenziwe kunoma imuphi umkhumbi awubhalwanga noma kuphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emibhalweni yesigameko sokulwa kwakungekho okushiwo ngalokhu kuhlaselwa. Futhi ekugcineni, manje seyaziwa ngokwethembeka ukuthi ngalolo suku kwakungekho ukulahlekelwa phakathi kwezinkantolo zaseJalimane. Iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zaziqokomisa ukuhlasela, ulwazi lwasakazwa yi-press yangaphandle. Lo mcimbi waletha izinguquko ezibucayi empilweni kayise kaLunin. AmaNazi athatha uyise weqhawe lethu, bese edutshulwe esidlangalaleni enkabeni yeRostov-on-Don.

Umyalo weSoviet waqinisekisa ukubhujiswa kwemikhumbi yesitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yalokhu kuhlasela, i-squadron yaseJalimane yaphoqeleka ukuba ihambe. I-convoy yama-allied forces, lapho iTirpitz ihlela ukuhlasela khona, ayilimazanga. Ngakho-ke, umkhumbi wamanzi u-K-21 ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukaLunin Nikolai Alexandrovich wagcwalisa imisebenzi yakhe. Kamuva, ekwindla konyaka ofanayo, ngokulandela imiphumela yokusebenza, umkhumbi wamanzi wawunikezwa i-Order of the Banner Red.

Ukugijima phambili, kufanelekile ukukhuluma iqiniso elimnandi lokuthi phakathi neminyaka yemisebenzi yezempi uLunin ibikwa ukuthi kunezinhloso ezingu-17 ezithintekayo ezikhukhulayo ezikhukhulayo. Noma kunjalo, imibhalo ifakazela ukufa kwezikebhe ezine kuphela.

Inkonzo yampi kusukela ngo-1942 kuya ku-1943

Phakathi nesikhathi esilandelayo, cishe yonke imisebenzi ebhekene nomyalo wamanzi angaphansi kwempi yagcwaliseka. Ngonyaka u-Lunin wakwazi ukuzama imikhumbi eyisitha eyisitha. Ngakho-ke, ekwindla ngasekupheleni kuka-1942, ngenxa yezenzo eziphumelelayo zomkhumbi wamabutho omkhumbi, umkhumbi omkhulu wokuthutha "uRigel" wabhujiswa ogwini lwaseNorway. Ngasekupheleni ebusika ngo-1943, lapho isikebhe siphelile ogwini lwaseNorway, emanzini asitha, kwaphuma umlilo ebhodini. Ngenxa yezenzo eziphumelelayo zabanqotshwa ngogesi waqedwa. Iyinto evamile, kodwa ekugcineni isinqumo esifanele senziwa yiHero yeSoviet Union uLunin Nikolai Alexandrovich ngemuva kokuqeda isabelo nokuthatha umhlalaphansi emanzini ezitha. Isikebhe sasiwela amaJalimane phezu kwamanzi izibani zivuliwe. Akekho owayengakholelwa ngesibindi esinjalo sabasebenzi, futhi amaJalimane athatha lesi sikebhe njengabo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-K-21 yakwazi ukucwilisa izikebhe eziningana zokupaka kanye namapayipi lapho baxoshwa khona. Amandla engqondo engavamile omlawuli womkhumbi aholela empumelelweni.

Ngo-1944, inkonzo yokulwa emaphethelweni empi yeLunin yaphela. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kulo nyaka ufunda e-Naval Academy, ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu yena unikezwa isikhundla se-Admiral yangemuva.

Iminyaka engemva kwempi nokufa

Ngemva kokuphela kwempi, u-Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lunin, owaziwa ngaye kulesi sihloko, waqondisa izigcawu zemikhumbi yamanzi, wahlakulela umsebenzi wesayensi futhi wavikela umqondo wakhe. Ngo-1962, ngenxa yempilo embi, washiya umhlalaphansi. Ngo-1967, wafika edolobheni laseMariupol ukuba angene ezinkumbulo zobuntwana bakhe. Lokhu kwaba ukuvakasha kwakhe kokugcina ezweni elincane. 1970 kwaba ngowokugcina ekuphileni kukaLunin Nikolai Alexandrovich. Wangcwatshwa eSt. Petersburg (kulezo zinsuku - Leningrad), manje ithuna lakhe li- Theological Cemetery.