Umlobi u-Elena Blavatskaya - umsunguli we-Theosophical Society. Biography, ubuciko

Umlobi Helena Blavatsky wazalwa 31 Julayi, 1831 emzini Ekaterinoslav (manje laseDnepropetrovsk). Njalo lo wayelodadewabo nohlu lozalo zasebukhosini. bokhokho bakhe kwakwaziwa osomaqhinga kanye izikhulu. Cousin Helena - Sergey Yulevich Vitte - wakhonza njengombonisi uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali we Empire Russian kusukela 1892 kuya 1903.

Umkhaya kanye Childhood

Lapho kuzalwa Helena Blavatsky unegama-German Gan, okuyinto yena ngofuzo kuyise. Ngenxa yokuthi wayengumuntu kwezempi ngaphambili, umndeni kwadingeka ukuba njalo ukuhamba izwe (Saint-Petersburg, Saratov, Odessa, nokunye. D.). Ngo-1848, yena ukuba asidlulisele Nikifor Blavatsky - umbusi wesifundazwe Erivan. Nokho, umshado akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva komshado Helena Blavatsky wasibalekela umyeni wakhe, bese baya sizulazule emhlabeni. Into yokuqala ohambweni wakhe baba waseConstantinople (Istanbul).

Helena Blavatsky mayelana Russia nase iminyaka zakhe zasebuntwaneni ezweni bakhe bakhumbula ngemfudumalo. Umndeni wamnika konke okudingeka ukunikeza imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu.

Okuhambayo ebusheni bakhe

Enhloko-dolobha Turkish, le ntombazane eyingoduso iqiniso lokuthi umgibeli esekisini. Lapho ngengozi yena Ngaphuka ingalo yakhe, Elena banquma ukuthuthela e-London. Imali ayenakho: yena wathola futhi wathola Imali ethunyelwe ethunyelwe uyise Petrom Alekseevichem Ganom.

Njengoba Helena Blavatsky eningawugcinanga idayari, nalo kuyaqashwa phakathi nohambo bha. Abaningi wokuphila kwakhe ungavumelani, wayekade lapho esiwavakashele, nawo iziphi izindlela babe amahemuhemu kuphela.

Ngokuvamile, abacwaningi ukubalula ukuthi ekupheleni the 40s umbhali waya eGibhithe. Isizathu salokhu lwaya owaqala ngokuvukela alchemy futhi Freemasonry. amalungu amaningi zokulala kwadingeka yezincwadi zabo, izincwadi, ukufunda okudingekayo, ezazihlanganisa ivolumu yalo mGibhithe "Incwadi Abafileyo," "Ikhodi waseNazaretha", "Ukuhlakanipha KukaSolomoni", njll Ukuze Masons, kwakukhona isikhungo ezimbili eziyinhloko okungokomoya - .. Egypt naseNdiya. Kuyinto nge kula mazwe elihlobene ne abacwaningi eminingi Blavatsky, kuhlanganise "Isis wethula." Nokho, wayezoba babhale incwadi ekugugeni kwakhe. Lapho esemusha, intombazane yazuza okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nolwazi esisebenzayo ngqo imvelo ephilayo abanamasiko nezinkambiso ezihlukahlukene zezwe.

Fika e Cairo, Elena waya ogwadule eSahara ukufunda impucuko yasendulo yaseGibithe. Laba bantu zazingenzelwanga nama-Arabhu, owabusa ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka loMfula iNayile. Ulwazi nabaseGibhithe lasendulo kwasakazeka ku ezihlukahlukene - kusuka izibalo ukuze imithi. Kwakumelwe isihloko Ukutadisha ngokucophelela Helena Blavatsky.

Ngemva iGibhithe lalingekho Europe. Lapha yena enikelwe art. Ikakhulukazi, wamthatha upiyano izifundo kusukela virtuoso abadumile zamaBohemia Ignatsa Moshelesa. Abanolwazi, yena waze wanika amakhonsathi zomphakathi dolobha European.

Ngo 1851, Helena Blavatsky pobyla eLondon. Lapho, wakwazi ukuhlangana okokuqala nge-Indian yangempela. Kwakumelwe Mahatma Morya. Nokho, kuze kube manje akazange abuthole ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalo muntu. Kungenzeka kohliso Blavatsky, ukuzijayeza rites ahlukahlukene esoteric futhi theosophical.

Noma kunjalo, i-Mahatma Morya kwaba ugqozi uHelen. Eminyakeni 50 wayenomkhuba Tibet, lapho efunda okulumba wendawo. Kulinganiselwa ezahlukene abacwaningi, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky kwaba lapho iminyaka engaba ngu eziyisikhombisa, ngezinye izikhathi uzohamba kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kuhlanganise nase-United States.

Ukwakheka izimfundiso Theosophical

Kwakuphakathi nale minyaka engu-kwakheka imfundiso ukuthi ababethi futhi ngalwela emibhalweni yakhe Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. Kwakuyisikhathi ethile engavamile theosophy. Ngokusho kwakhe, umphefumulo womuntu munye ne- nkulunkulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izwe kukhona ulwazi oluthile ngale isayensi itholakala kuphela elite futhi ekuqaphela. It kwakuwuhlobo oluthile iwukuxuba izinkolo - isiphambano phakathi Emiphakathini eminingi nezinganekwane ukulandelana kwamakhosi ezizwe ezihlukahlukene kwelinye nokufundisa. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba Blavatsky ugxile ulwazi emazweni amaningi lapho yena wayevakashele ebusheni bakhe.

Negalelo elikhulu kunawo wonke uHelen kwadingeka nefilosofi Indian, okuyinto uye savela bodwa ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Blavatsky, Theosophy kwakuhlanganisa Buddhist Brahmanism, ethandwa phakathi kwezizwe yeNdiya. Lapho efundisa uHelen ukusebenzisa elithi "karma" futhi "ukuphindukuzalwa,". Theosophy imfundiso kaZiqu kuthonywa abantu abanjalo adumile njengo Gandhi, Nikolay Rerih futhi Wassily Kandinsky.

Tibet

Esikhathini 50s Russia ngezikhathi (ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso Ukufika) wavakashela Helena Blavatsky. Biography emangala owesifazane emphakathini wendawo. Wachitha ophithizelayo seances, okuyinto kwaduma Petersburg. Esikhathini 60s zakuqala wamvakashela eCaucasus, eMpumalanga Ephakathi bese kuba iGrisi. Khona-ke wazama okokuqala ukuhlela umphakathi abalandeli nabangane. E Cairo, yena isethwe ukuthi isebenze. Ngakho kwaba khona "Nemimoya Society". Nokho, akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, kodwa kwakusasele nomvuzo.

Lokhu kwabe sekulandela esinye futhi ithatha uhambo olude oluya Tibet - ke Blavatsky wavakashela kweLaos Karakoram ezintabeni. Wakwazi uvakashele cloister, lapho kungekho muntu agade baphethe ngaphambi yimuphi baseYurophu. Kodwa abanjalo ukuvakashela Helena Blavatsky.

owesifazane Izincwadi equkethwe kukhulunywa kaningi Tibetan isiko kanye nokuphila emathempelini obuBuddha. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile eyatholakala, okuyinto elahlanganiswa hlobo "Izwi ukuthula."

Ujwayele Genri Olkottom

Eminyakeni 70 ka Helena Blavatsky, ogama nefilosofi kwaduma, baqala imisebenzi umshumayeli wazo uthisha engokomoya. Wabe esethuthela kwenye-United States, lapho ethola yisakhamuzi wakhe futhi inqubo Naturalization zenzeka. Khona-ke kuba umlekeleli enkulu Genri Stil Olcott.

Kwakuyisikhathi ummeli, wathola isikhundla sombutho ngesikhathi American Civil War. Wamiswa uKhomishana Ministry neMpi ukuphenya ngezinsolo zenkohlakalo izinkampani ukuthi banikeze nezinhlamvu. Ngemva kwempi, waba ummeli yimpumelelo futhi ilungu New York Collegium, inegunya. Izifundo kuhlanganisa intela, izimali kanye umshwalense impahla.

Kwethulwa Olcott nemimoya kwenzeka emuva ngo-1844. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, lapho ahlangana khona Helena Blavatsky, okuyinto wahamba ukuhamba emhlabeni futhi bafundise. Waphinde wasiza naye ukuze uqale ukubhala umsebenzi lapho wamenywa umbhalo wesandla "Isis wethula."

umphakathi Theosophical

Novemba 17, 1875 Helena Blavatsky futhi Genri Olkott wasungula Theosophical Society. Injongo yayo oyinhloko kwaba isifiso ukuhlanganisa abantu abanazo emhlabeni wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaluphi uhlanga, ubulili, lombhalo nokholo. Ngenxa yalesi umsebenzi cwaningo kanye Ukuqhathanisa sciences ahlukahlukene, izinkolo kanye nezikole zefilosofi lalihlelekile. Konke lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze ukwazi okungaziwa esintwini imithetho yemvelo futhi yonke. Zonke lezi zinhloso abangu livikeleke Charter of the Theosophical Society.

Ngaphezu abasunguli, kwathatha eziningi abantu abadumile. Ngokwesibonelo, kwaba uThomas Edison - .. Entrepreneur futhi umsunguli Uilyam Kruks (noMengameli we-Royal Society, umthaki wemithi), isazi sezinkanyezi French Camille Flammarion, ngezinkanyezi futhi occultist Maks Gendel, njll Theosophical Society iye abe inkundla mpikiswano nabanengqondo futhi impikiswano.

Cala kubhala umsebenzi

Ukuze basakaze izimfundiso inhlangano, Blavatsky futhi Olcott ngo-1879 saya ku-India. Ngalesi sikhathi umsebenzi etemibhalo Elena iyachuma. Okokuqala, owesifazane owayejwayele ishicilela amabhuku amasha. Okwesibili, umise ngokwaso njengoba umlobi ezijulile futhi ezithakazelisayo. ithalente lakhe bayazisa eRussia, lapho Blavatsky yanyatheliswa ngo "eMoscow iGazethi" futhi "Russian Journal". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayekufanelekela umhleli kamagazini yakhe siqu "Theosophist". Kuyo, isibonelo, bavela okokuqala enguqulweni yesiNgisi lwekhanda lalowo ulimi inoveli Dostoevsky sika "Abafowethu Karamazov." Kwakuwusuku emzekelisweni Grand ezihlubuki - isiqephu lemcoka Incwadi yokugcina umbhali omkhulu Russian.

Izikhangibavakashi Blavatsky kwakheka isisekelo Umlando wakhe kanye nohambo amanothi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-izincwadi ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba isibonelo, umkhiqizo "izizwe Sly Blue Mountain" futhi "jungle emhumeni ezwekazini laseNdiya." Kodwa ngo-1880, ubuBuddha iba into entsha zokutadisha, nakho lwenziwe Helena Blavatsky. Izibuyekezo ngomsebenzi wakhe emaphephandabeni ehlukahlukene anthologies. Ukuze ufunde mayelana Buddhism ngangokunokwenzeka, Blavatsky futhi Olcott waya eCeylon.

"Isis wethula"

"Isis wethula" Kwakuyincwadi ethi ezinkulu kuqala, enyatheliswa Helena Blavatsky. Weza out imiqulu emibili ngo-1877 futhi equkethwe ichibi elikhulu ngolwazi kanye nezisekelo kumafilosofi esoteric.

Umbhali wazama uqhathanise ososayensi abaningi basendulo, Ephakathi nangeNkathi Yempucuko. Umbhalo equkethwe inqwaba izixhumanisi umsebenzi Pythagoras, uPlato Giordano Bruno, Paracelsus futhi t. D.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Isis" kubhekwe ezimfundisweni zenkolo: ubuHindu, ubuBuddha, ubuKristu, namaZoroaster. Ekuqaleni wazalwa kubuketa libhuku izikole Eastern wefilosofi. Umsebenzi waqala ngosuku olwandulela kumila Theosophical Society. Inhlangano lokhu isakhiwo imisiwe ukukhululwa umkhiqizo. Kuphela kanye e-New York, kwamenyezelwa ukusungulwa the ukunyakaza, waqala umsebenzi olunzulu ekubhaleni izincwadi. Blavatsky ngenkuthalo wasiza Genri Olkott, owayeneminyaka ngaleso sikhathi baba namadlelandawonye main futhi umhleli.

Njengoba yena recollected yena ummeli wangaphambili, kunanini ngaphambili Blavatsky akusebenzanga ngentshiseko enjalo nokukhuthazela. Empeleni, uye efingqiwe emsebenzini wakhe wonke isipiliyoni yehlukene kaningi okubalwa yazuza kusukela eminyakeni eminingi eyadlula ukuvakashela emakhoneni ezahlukene zomhlaba.

Incwadi waqale elika "ukhiye emasangweni engaqondakali" njengoba umlobi wathi encwadini ayeyibhalele Aleksandru Aksakovu. Kamuva kwanqunywa ukuthi isihloko umqulu wokuqala ngokuthi "iveyili unkulunkulukazi u-Isis." Nokho, umshicileli British, owayesebenza oshicilelweni lokuqala, ngathola ukuthi enegama balencwadi manje (kwaba eside ezivamile theosophical). Ngakho-ke, i-version yokugcina "Isis obungagutshuzelwe" kwavunyelwana. Ukushintshwa kwalo kwabonisa indlela le bobusha isithakazelo Blavatsky isiko yaseGibithe lasendulo.

Incwadi kwadingeka eningi imibono imigomo. Kule minyaka edlule, izazi Blavatsky ehlukile zavela kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, incwadi yokuqala e-United Kingdom equkethwe esandulelweni umshicileli. Kuyo, utjela umfundi ukuthi lencwadi iqukethe eziningi kakhulu imithombo theosophy zokusebenzelana nemimoya nokulumba, okuyinto kwaphela ogade akhona.UZimu ezincwadini ngaphambili. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi umfundi ungathola eduze umbuzo bokuba khona ulwazi oluyimfihlo basisebenzisa njengeHholo umthombo zonke izinkolo namahlelo kwezizwe zomhlaba.

Aleksandr Senkevich (ongomunye wabacwaningi abahlonishwa kakhulu Blavatsky lwezincwadi) e yayo washayelwa umyalezo oyinhloko "Isis wethula." Encwadini yakhe ethi ku biography of umbhali, wachaza ukuthi leli bhuku isibonelo ukugxekwa inhlangano isonto, iqoqo imibono imihlola ngemilingo kanye izimfihlo zendalo. "Isis" ihlola izimfihlakalo Kabbalistic izimfundiso, imibono esoteric Buddhism, kanye reflection yabo ubuKristu nezinye izinkolo zomhlaba. Sienkiewicz laphawula nokuthi Blavatsky wakwazi ukufakazela ukuba khona kwamandla izinto eqhubeka.

Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze imiphakathi eyimfihlo. It Masons futhi amaJesuit. ulwazi yakhe isibe evundile, eyayisebenzisa Helena Blavatsky. Ucaphuna "Isis" kamuva phathelana kunonophiswe kubuye kuvele emibhalweni okulumba theosophical abalandeli bakhe.

Uma kumagazini ofundwayo wokuqala igxile ekutadisheni isayensi, kwesibili, kunalokho, Sixoxe ngemibuzo zenkolo. Esanduleleni, umlobi wachaza ukuthi ingxabano izikole ezimbili kuyisihluthulelo nolwazi ukuze wonke.

Blavatsky wagxeka mqondo yolwazi esingokwesayensi sokuthi muntu akekho okomoya. Umlobi wazama ukuthola kuye ngosizo zenkolo ezingokomoya ezahlukene. Ezinye izazi Blavatsky waphawula ukuthi encwadini yakhe, ihlinzeka umfundi ubufakazi obucacile bokuba khona umlingo.

Eyesibili zenkolo ihlaziya ezihlukahlukene izinhlangano zenkolo (ezifana zase latin) futhi ugxeke kubo ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sabo kobuzenzisi imfundiso yabo. Ngamanye amazwi, HP Blavatsky wawuthi labo abanamathela ekhashelwa kwaqala (iBhayibheli, iKoran, nokunye. D.).

Umbhali sibuyekezwe izimfundiso abadumile obuyimfihlo engqubuzana izinkolo zomhlaba. Ukuhlola lezi zikole yokucabanga, ezama ukuthola impande ezivamile. Abaningi iziphakamiso zawo zazilotshiwe nesayensi futhi yokulwa engokwenkolo. Ngenxa yalesi "Isis" ke wagxekwa ezihlukahlukene abafundi. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kubavimbe wakhe ukuthenga udumo nabanye ingxenye izilaleli. Impumelelo "Isis wethula" uye wamvumela ukuba sandise Blavatsky le Theosophical Society, eseke amalungu kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, kusukela Melika neNdiya.

"Izwi Ukuthula"

Ngo-1889 wanyathelisa incwadi ethi "Izwi Ukuthula", eyayizonikezwa ukuthi efanayo Helena Blavatsky. Biography lalona wesifazane Kuthiwa kwaba mzamo yimpumelelo ukuze zibuswe eyodwa ikhava eziningi ucwaningo theosophical. The main eyaholela ekwakhiweni kwaleli robhothi ngokuba "Izwi Ukuthula" baba ukuhlala Umlobi Tibet, lapho yena ngajwayelana izimfundiso amaBuddha nokuphila yodwa endaweni engenabantu kulesi zezindela wendawo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, Blavatsky akazange ukuqhathanisa noma ukuhlola izikole eziningana umcabango. Wabeka incazelo ngomala izimfundiso Buddhist. Uqukethe analysis eningiliziwe amazwi anjengokuthi "Krishna" noma "Ephakeme Self." Iningi incwadi iye ukondleka isitayela Buddhist. Nokho, kwakungewona setfulo Orthodox nezinguqulo zale nkolo. Kwaba khona ukuba komkhuba Blavatsky ingxenye ezingaqondakali.

Lo msebenzi usuthandwa ikakhulukazi nabantu abangamaBuddha. Wakhuthazelela edishini eziningi eNdiya Tibet, lapho abacwaningi abaningi phathelana edingekayo ukufunda. Wakhe kakhulu adunyiswe uDalai Lama. Elokugcina (endleleni, ophilayo manje) yena wabhala isandulela ngokuba "Izwi Ukuthula" in the iminyaka engu-wokuhamba oshicilelweni lokuqala. Lena isisekelo esihle kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukwazi nokuqonda Buddhism, kuhlanganise isikole Zen.

Incwadi kwakunikelwa ngendawo yombhali Lvu Tolstomu, okwathi eminyakeni yakhe wokugcina uye wakwenza wafunda ezihlukahlukene izinkolo. Endowment Ngokwesibonelo futhi manje igcinwe Yasnaya Polyana. Umbhali ngemvume ikhava, ukushaya UTolstoy "omunye ambalwa ongaqonda futhi baqonde okulotshwe lapho."

Bala ngokwakhe wakhuluma ngemfudumalo ngesipho ezisezincwadini zabo, lapho ihlanganiswe izingxenye kwabahlakaniphileyo ukuthonywa izincwadi zakhe ( "zonke", "imicabango yabantu abahlakaniphile", "ukufunda Umbuthano"). Futhi umlobi Kwenye yezincwadi zakhe siqu wathi "Izwi Ukuthula" eqhukethe ukukhanya, kodwa lithinta ezindabeni ukuthi abantu ngokuvamile abazi. It is eyaziwa ukuthi UTolstoy wayefunda umagazini "Theosophist" Blavatsky, ngubani kakhulu ukuba khona, njengoba kushiwo encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku.

"Imfihlo Imfundiso"

"Imfihlo Imfundiso" kubhekwa umsebenzi wokugcina Blavatsky, eyayithi wafingqa zonke ngolwazi lwakhe kanye nezisekelo. Phakathi nokuphila umbhali wokuqala imiqulu emibili yashicilelwa. Incwadi yesithathu yanyatheliswa kokushona kwakhe ngo-1897.

Eyokuqala ukuhlaziya kanye uqhathanise imibono ehlukene kwi ngemvelaphi yezulu nomhlaba. Eyesibili wahlola kwemvelo. It kwaphakamisa izimpikiswano zobuhlanga, uphinde uhlole indlela yentuthuko njengabantu oluthile lwento ephilayo.

Umqulu wokugcina kwaba iqoqo Umlandvomphilo futhi izimfundiso zezinkolo ezithile occultists. nethonya elikhulu "Imfihlo Imfundiso" kwadingeka mavesi - amavesi Encwadi Dzyan, avamise ekhonjiwe emakhasini umsebenzi. Omunye umthombo Kwakuyiyiphi le ncwadi invoyisi langaphambilini, "Isihluthulelo Theosophy."

ukushicilelwa okusha izici ovelele ulimi. Umlobi wasebenzisa isamba esikhulu izinhlamvu nezithombe eyenziwe ezihlukahlukene izinkolo nezikole yokucabanga.

"Imfihlo Imfundiso" kwaba phambili "Isis wethula." Empeleni, kwaba ukubukeka ezijulile ngesikhathi nezindaba ezivezwe encwadini yokuqala umbhali. Futhi umsebenzi ku olusha lwencwadi Mma Blavatsky Theosophical Umphakathi amsiza.

Umsebenzi ekubhaleni lo msebenzi omkhulukazi kwaba lolo vivinyo lube nzima kakhulu, okuyinto eye besibhekene Helena Blavatsky. Izincwadi eshicilelwe ngaphambi, abangazange basamukele amandla amakhulu kangangokuthi, njengaleli. ofakazi eziningi kamuva e Umlando wakhe, uthi ababhali ukuletha ngokwabo ukuba bahlanye lapho ikhasi elilodwa bangase zivumelana izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili.

Usizo omkhulu kwale ncwadi iye yatholakala ngezincwadi Archibaldom Keytli. Wayengumuntu ilungu Theosophical Umphakathi ngo-1884, futhi ngesikhathi kubhalwa lesi sihloko, engunobhala jikelele eMnyangweni wakhe e-UK. Lo muntu ibilokhu eyahlelwa inqwaba sakhe amaphepha ukuphakama ngamamitha. Empeleni izinguquko zokuloba abathintekayo kanti ezinye amaphuzu abaluleke edishini esizayo. version yayo yokugcina wethulwa yembhali 1890.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi "Imfihlo Imfundiso" ngomdlandla kabusha funda umqambi omkhulu Russian Aleksandr Skryabin. Omunye Ngemva kwesikhathi wafika eduze imibono theosophical ka Blavatsky. Le ndoda njalo igcinwe incwadi phezu kwetafula lakhe futhi esidlangalaleni umxhwele ulwazi umbhali.

eminyakeni yamuva

Imisebenzi Blavatsky eNdiya yimpumelelo. Kwakukhona legatsha wavula we Theosophical Society, yayidumile phakathi bendawo. Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina, Elena wahlala e-Europe futhi wayeka ukuhamba ngenxa yokugula. Kunalokho, waqala ngenkuthalo ukubhala. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho eshiya eziningi zezincwadi zakhe. Blavatsky wafa Meyi 8, 1891, eLondon, ngemva waphathwa umkhuhlane ezinzima.