Umbuzo waseMpumalanga

"Umbuzo WaseMpumalanga" njengombono owavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, kepha njengelinye igama lezombusazwe laqala ukusetshenziselwa kusukela ekhulwini lama-30 leminyaka ye-19. Uzozalwa ngezici ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukuwohloka kombuso wase-Ottoman owake waba namandla, ukukhula kwenhlangano yokukhulula kuqondiswe ukugqilazwa kweTurkey, nokukhushulwa kwezimpikiswano phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu ekubuseni eMiddle East.

Ku "Umbuzo WaseMpumalanga", ngaphezu kwamandla amakhulu aseYurophu, iGibhithe, iSiriya, ingxenye yeTranscaucasia, njll.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, umbuso wamaTurkey ase-Ottoman , owodwa owaholela kuzo zonke izinto ezesabekayo, wawela ekutheni. Okungaphezu kwakho konke lokhu kwakuzuzisa e-Austria, eyakwazi ukungena eHungary ngeHungary kuya eBalkans naseRussia, eyandisa imingcele yayo eya eLwandle Olumnyama ngethemba lokufinyelela olwandle lwaseMedithera.

Futhi konke kwaqala ngokuvukela kwamaGreki ema-20s ekhulu le-19 leminyaka. Yilesi senzakalo esenza isenzo seWest. Ngemva kokuba umfundisi waseTurkey wenqaba ukwamukela ukuzibusa kweGrandenic, ukusebenzisana kwamaRussia, eBrithani naseFrance kwabhubhisa ama-flotillas ase-Turkey naseGibhithe. Ngenxa yalokho, iGrisi yazikhulula ejokeni laseTurkey, kuyilapho iMoldavia, iSerbia neWallachia - izifundazwe zaseBalkan zoMbuso wase-Ottoman - zathola ukuzimela, nakuba zakhiwa.

Ekhulwini lama-30 leminyaka efanayo, zonke izimpahla zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi zaseTurkey zaseTurkey zase zivele zibandakanyekile embuzweni "ompumalanga" ovuthiwe kakade: IGibhithe laphinde labuyisela iSiriya lisuka kulo, futhi ukungenela kukaNgilandi kuphela kwasiza ukuyibuyisela.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwavela enye inkinga: kwakungelungelo lokuwela izinkinga zeDardanelles neBosporus, eyayilawulwa yiTurkey. Ngokwesivumelwano, akukho mkhumbi wempi womunye umbuso onelungelo lokudlula kulezi zindatshana ezincane, uma iTurkey isesimweni sokuthula.

Lokhu bekuphambene nezintshisekelo zaseRussia. "Umbuzo WaseMpumalanga" ekhulwini le-19 wamukela ukuphenduka okuhlukile kweRussia ngemuva kokusebenza njengesihlobo samaTurkey empini ngokumelene neGibhithe Pasha. Ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa kwebutho lase-Ottoman, uTar Nicholas wokuqala wabeka iqembu lakhe eBopporus futhi wafika amabutho amaningi asolwa ngokuvikela i-Istanbul.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwaqedwa isivumelwano, ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izimpi zempi zaseRussia ezingangena ezinkingeni zaseTurkey.

Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, ekuqaleni kwama-forties, "umbuzo osempumalanga" waba mkhulu. I-Porta, eyathembisa ukuthuthukisa izimo zokuphila zengxenye yobuKristu yabantu bayo, akenzanga lutho ngempela. Futhi kubantu baseBalkan kwakukhona indlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma: ukuqala umzabalazo ohlomile ngokumelene nejoka lase-Ottoman. Khona-ke iTarussia yaseRussia yacela uSultan ilungelo lokuziphathisa izihloko zama-Orthodox, kodwa uSultan wenqaba. Ngenxa yalokho, impi yaseRussia-Turkish yaqala, eyaphela ekunqothulweni kwamabutho ama-tsarist.

Naphezu kokuthi iRussia ilahlekile, impi yaseRussia-Turkish yaba esinye sezigaba eziyimpumelelo kwisisombululo "sombuzo waseMpumalanga". Inqubo yokukhululwa kwezizwe zaseNingizimu South Slavic yaqala. Umbuso waseTurkish eBalkans wathola umonakalo obulalayo.

"Umbuzo waseMpumalanga", odlala indima ebalulekile kwinqubomgomo yaseRussia yangaphandle , wawuneziqondiso ezimbili eziyinhloko: iCaucasus neBalkans.

Ezama ukwandisa impahla yakhe eCaucasus, i-Tsar yaseRussia yazama ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumeka okuphephile kuzo zonke izindawo ezisanda kuthunjwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, e-Balkans, abantu bendawo bafuna ukusiza amasosha aseRussia, amabutho ase-Ottoman amelana nenkani.

Ngosizo lwamavolontiya aseSerbian naseBulgaria, amasosha ama-tsarist athatha umuzi wase-Andrianople, ngaleyo ndlela aqeda impi.

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu entshonalanga ye-Armenia yakhululwa ekuqondiseni kweKara , okwaba yinto ebalulekile ebhizinisini lempi.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwasayinwa isivumelwano, esithi iRussia ithola insimu enkulu ngokwanele ukusuka e-Black Sea ingxenye yeCaucasus, kanye nezindawo eziningi zase-Armenia. Inkinga yokuzimela kwesiGreki nayo yaxazululwa.

Ngakho-ke, iRussia yafeza umsebenzi wayo kubantu base-Armenia naseGrisi.