Creole: izici, izincazelo, umlando ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Pidgin ulimi ezenzeka ngokwedlulele, izimo ezingezona ezemvelo ajwayelekile isimo ngesikhathi zokuxhumana inter-yobuhlanga. Okungukuthi, kuba lapho izizwe ezimbili siyidinga ukuqonda nomunye. Pidgin futhi Creole izilimi uvele lapho ixhumana baseYurophu colonialist nabantu bendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayebonakala njengoba ithuluzi zokuxhumana ukuhwebelana. Kwakunguye Pidgin esetshenziswa izingane wawusebenzisa njengesiphetho ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko (isibonelo, ngakho benza izingane izigqila). Ezimweni ezinjengalezi lokhu lwesigodi uye savela Creole ulimi, okusenzeka ubhekwa isigaba saso esilandelayo sokuthuthuka.

Njengoba kwakhiwa Pidgin it is?

Ukuze yakha isandiso ezinjalo kumele uxhumane izilimi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa (ngokuvamile ezintathu noma ngaphezulu). Luhlelo kanye nesilulumagama Pidgin ephansi futhi lula kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba esingaphansi kwesigamu namagama ayinkulungwane. Ngiphakathi eyodwa noma nezinye, noma ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kubantu akuyona lwesigodi bomdabu, futhi ngenxa isakhiwo lula ngolimi esetshenziswa ngesikhathi kwezimo ezithile kuphela. Lapho Pidgin sitholakala inani elikhulu labantu Lokudabuka okuxubile, kungaba kubhekwe ezimele. Lokhu kwakunjalo ngenkathi yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni emazweni aseMelika, Asian Afrika kusukela xv futhi kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XX. Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: kwemvelo yayo isimo ulimi Creole iza lapho kukhona imishado exubile.

Creole eHaiti

Kuze kube manje, inombolo iplanethi izilimi Creole ifinyelela ezingaphezu kuka 60. Omunye wabo saseHaiti, isici labantu baseHaiti Island. Ajabulela izakhamuzi zendawo kwezinye izindawo US. Ezimweni eziningi, ulimi abavamile abomdabu lingasempumalanga yalesi siqhingi, isibonelo Bahamas, eQuebec, nokunye. D. Isisekelo kuba French. NgesiCreole saseHaiti - ushintsho inqubo yentuthuko silulumagama French kwekhulu le-18. Ngaphezu kwalokho, luthinte izilimi zaseNtshonalanga Central African kanye Arabhu, iSpanishi, isiPutukezi kanye nesiNgisi kancane. NgesiCreole saseHaiti lolimi waba lula ngezinga elikhulu. Njengoba ingxenye kwekhulu lama-20 kwesibili, ke siwulimi olusemthethweni esiqhingini, kanye French.

Seychellois Creole

Elinye icala ezithakazelisayo ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa Creole lwesigodi yilona limi Seychelles. Kulezi ziqhingi, akakholelwa esemthethweni, kanye IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi. On Seychellois Creole ukukhuluma kakhulu izakhamuzi isimo. Ngakho-ke, akuve kuvamile ukuba phakathi kwabantu. Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: Ngokushesha nje lapho leli Seychelles uzibuse futhi ngiyilahle ithonya wamakoloni, uhulumeni uye umgomo codify lendawo lwesigodi Patois (version modified of French). Ukuze wenze lokhu, izwe esungulwe lonke sikhungo, elimalungu alo wafundelwa futhi athuthukiswe Seychelles lolimi.

Isimo Mauritius

Ekupheleni kuka-October (28) okuwukuphela kwakhe kulesi siqhingi usuku ulimi isiCreole salapha. Nakuba inani elikhulu labantu e Mauritius usebenzisa yayo (lwesigodi lwasendaweni kuncike French) ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ngoba izingxoxo esisemthethweni futhi wamaphepha advantageously abakhethiwe ngesiNgisi noma ngesiFulentshi. Lesi simo unganelisekile bendawo. Mauritian Creole ulimi idinga ukusekelwa nokuthuthuka, okufanele kuthathe izinyathelo eziphathekayo. Lokhu waxhumana amalungu inhlangano yendawo. Ngakho, siyazi ukuthi balungiselela lonke edition ngezilimi eziningi, elizoquketha ukuhumushwa izinkondlo by Alain Fanshona onesihloko esithi "Paper Isikebhe" (ekuqaleni labhalwa Creole) ukusekela ukusetshenziswa Creole abhalwe Mauritius amalungu ayo.

Lesi siqhingi phakathi kwe-Indian Ocean, olusempumalanga yeMadagascar, futhi inomlando kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, namuhla kukhona ngokulinganayo ukusetshenziswa IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi, kodwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kuyinto okwandile isiCreole salapha, kanye nalokho okuthiwa Bhojpuri kokuba imvelaphi Indian. Ngokusho umthetho Mauritius, akukho ulimi olusemthethweni, kodwa IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi bayalingana ngaphansi komthetho ukuze isetshenziswe ngumphakathi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izakhamuzi ukukhuluma isiCreole salapha, ke alisetshenziswa abezindaba.

Kuyini Unserdeutsch ulimi?

Lesi sihloko kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi izwi livela isiJalimane, ngisho nalabo abangamthandi ukukhuluma isiJalimane. Nokho Unserdeutsch Ulimi akuhlangene ne eJalimane yesimanje, futhi kungokwalabo kwesikhathi wamakoloni emlandweni Papua - New Guinea nase-Australia. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ulimi emhlabeni kuphela Creole, esuselwa olimini lwesiJalimane. Ngo-70-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, abacwaningi e New Guinea kwatholakala ngempela ngephutha zisebenzisa Unserdeutsch Ulimi, okuyinto uhumusha imisindo enjengokuthi "German yethu".

Ngakho, kuze kube manje, nguye kuphela owasinda emhlabeni nge Creole isisekelo. Kuleli qophelo Unserdeutsch Ulimi isebenzisa abantu ngaphansi kwekhulu. Futhi, njengoba umthetho, kuba ubudala.

benza Unserdeutsch Ulimi kanjani?

kwamiswa I isandiso eduze zokuhlala okuthiwa Kokopo ensimini naseziqhingini zaseNew Britain. Kule ndawo ku-19 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, babephakathi kwamalungu mission Katolika. Izindelakazi wafundisa izingane zendawo, ukuqeqeshwa lwenziwe nokusetshenziswa etemibhalo German. Small Papuans, isiShayina, amaJalimane labo abaye wathuthela ensimini yase-Australia, ukudlala ndawonye, yingakho izilimi axutshwa futhi kwamiswa Pidgin sizindza evelele-German. Kwaba kamuva badlula ezinganeni zabo.

Ulimi Seminole

Afro-Seminole Creole ulimi - ngolimi ubhekwa i ezisengcupheni lwesigodi lamaGalla ulimi. Lokhu isandiso Black Seminoles kukhona endaweni ethile eMexico US uthi ezifana Texas futhi Oklahoma.

Lesi sizwe ihlobene inzalo yezigqila futhi khulula Afrika-Maroons, kanye abantu eGaul, elimalungu alo wathuthela ensimini waseSpain Florida ekhulwini le-17. Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili kamuva, ngokuvamile ahlala ne Seminole isizwe Indian, okuvela kulo igama layo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwabelana ngelwazi lamasiko zaholela ekwakhekeni wokuba nomshado esemazweni okuyinto izinhlanga ezimbili nengxenye.

Kuze kube manje, endaweni yokuhlala izingane kuyinto endaweni Florida, kanye ezindaweni zasemakhaya e Oklahoma, Texas, eBahamas, futhi ezinye izindawo eMexico.