Izinhlamvu kanye oilseeds

Inani elikhulu imikhiqizo idliwe abasemhlabeni nsuku zonke, waqinisekisa egatsheni ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo - nokukhiqiza izitshalo, saliphi ngaso sonke isikhathi babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli okusanhlamvu kanye oilseeds. Ake sixoxe ngalezi izingxenye ebalulekile umkhakha, impumelelo kanye namathemba.

okusanhlamvu

Okusanhlamvu zakha ingxenye onamandla kunayo yonke ivolumu selskhozproduktov abanyatheliswa emhlabeni wonke. Zikhula-60% azo zonke umhlabathi olimekayo futhi acreage is matasa ngokugcwele ezinye izifunda. Lokhu akusona isimanga, njengoba lezi amasiko kukhona isisekelo eyisisekelo okunomsoco sabantu zanoma yiliphi izwe, bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli ekudleni izilwane kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa kudingekile ngokuvamile maphakathi ezindaweni eziningi umkhakha. Cishe u-80% umthamo okusanhlamvu emhlabeni matasa ukolweni, ummbila nelayisi. Sitshele lezi zitshalo.

kakolweni

Akwaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, isiko kuyinto okusanhlamvu ehola. Ukukhethwa umsebenzi ukuthuthukiswa, izinhlobo ezintsha livikela kakhulu akagcini ngisho ihora, ukuze ezindaweni ezahlukene zikhule bazivumelanisa nezimo izinhlobo zendawo. I izindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu ukutshala lokhu wokudla ezibhekwa emathafeni Melika nase-Canada, Argentina kwamasiko umhlabathi olimekayo, Russia, e-Australia, China nakwamanye amazwe futhi amazwekazi.

irayisi

Ngu ubukhulu izitshalo irayisi, ukudla okuyisisekelo abantu lamazwe ase-Asia, zibalwa yesibili emhlabeni. Lokhu isiko - ingxenye eyinhloko yezindawo eziningi zezimboni, waste ibhekwa imfuyo feed izabelo. ubuchwepheshe Specific ukutshala irayisi kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo zinomswakama ngakho endaweni yayo ukukhiqizwa ngokwendawo ezikhonjwe emazweni aseningizimu naseningizimu-impumalanga yezwekazi lase-Asia. Umholi ongenambangi ukutshala iqoqo irayisi - China, abakhiqizi ezinkulu - Japan, Thailand, India.

corn

Ukusebenzisa ngendlela yakudala: ukudla ifolishi kwezitshalo. Mexican-ozalwa corn - isitshalo ukushisa-onothando, ukutshala okuyinto wagxila ezindaweni sezulu esipholile, ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele efudumele. Izindawo ezisemqoka zokukhiqiza kukhona emathafeni American, etholakala eningizimu Great Lakes. Ukuthutha elikhulu corn neyaziwayo amazwe aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.

oilseeds

Yeminqumo izitshalo, izithelo noma izimbewu zazo ukukhiqiza amafutha okunamafutha.

Imbewu oilseeds aqukethe kufike ku-60% amafutha futhi ngesisekelo ngokukhiqiza zemifino amafutha kokuba ukudla eliyigugu noma incazelo lobuchwepheshe. Asetshenziswa njengezitolo ukudla noma izinto zokusetshenziswa for kokuphothula kanye zokugcoba, asetshenziswa baking, ukudla okunoshukela, ukuwafaka, yezemithi Iphunga umkhakha, kapende yokukhiqiza kanye nabanye.

Ukuze oilseeds ezingaba Botanical ezahlukene imindeni: ithanga, omnqumo, okusabhontshisi, beech, uphayini, Euphorbiaceae, yasnotkovyh nabanye abaningi. Iningi labo, uhlu oluphelele imindeni lezi zitshalo siqukethe izihloko ezingaphezu kuka-30. Amafutha akhishwe ezitshalweni kubo, manje ezakha 70% inani amafutha washisa emhlabeni.

Progressive imibono esikhundleni ezilwane nge yemifino kanye ukutholakala isihlobo wale mikhiqizo baye khudlwana ukushuba ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwazo yokuthengisa kule minyaka yamuva. Amazwe asathuthuka onguchwepheshe ukutshala uwoyela, ukunciphisa nokuthengiswa amafutha ngokuqondene ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo ayo ukubhekisiswa nokuthengisa ayisekho izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo isiqedile.

izitshalo oilseed izitshalo banezimfanelo izakhiwo ezibalulekile toning - itiye, Rubiaceae (ikhofi), Malvaceae (ukhokho). Basuke ngokuvamile utshalwa ezindaweni elinganiselwe kakhulu - .. ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu futhi ezisondelene nazo, okungukuthi indawo zokukhiqiza bagxila emazweni amaningana South Asian - Malaysia, India kanye nabanye.

Izici ukukhiqizwa oilseed eRussia

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-Russia iningi izindawo ise esishintshashintshayo elinesimo sezulu kunalokho nesihluku, kwezitshalo ezindaweni basuke bagxila ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele kanye nasemazweni (in the iVolga esifundeni, eSiberia, Prikavkaze, Urals neMpumalanga Ekude) bendabuko ukubamba iqhaza kwezolimo, kuhlanganise ukutshala oilseeds izitshalo ukuthuthukisa uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. umkhiqizo wezolimo eRussia ihlanganisa eziningi wemboni ukukhiqizwa isitshalo, ngaphezu ukutshala izitshalo ezingavamile, singakufanelekeli izimo zasekhaya.

Three zinhlobo evelele kokusanhlamvu, eyaziwa nangokuthi njengoba oilseeds Russian - sunflower, sayinela ukungena, canola. iztshalo hlala cishe bayizigidi ezingu-4 amahektha futhi alinywa ukuthola uwoyela ufulawa nge okusezingeni eliphezulu amaprotheni ingxenye. Amafutha ekuphekeni, ukudla - njengengxenye yokudla kwezilwane.

Izimo letitsintsa ukutshala izitshalo kanye izigaba ukukhiqizwa yabo

Growing lezi zitshalo kuncike ezintweni izici luyingxenye indawo: i-zezulu izici, ukwakheka kanye inhlabathi okuzala, indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, zokuzamazama eyomile ku ezomile phansi corn kabi athuthukile kanye nomswakama high noma ezisindayo imvula ingemuva ukuthola kakolweni inezitshalo ezinhle. Ngakho-ke, indima ebalulekile yokuhlela njalo buyisela ivolumu izitshalo nokulandela nezidingo kwezitshalo ezithile nama-sezulu esifundeni.

Kukhona 4 izigaba, okuyinto zihlukaniswe lonke inqubo ukukhiqizwa okusanhlamvu kanye oilseeds:

• ukulungiselela imbewu embhedeni;

• ukuhlwanyelwa;

• ukuvunwa;

• ukuhlinzeka isitoreji kanye ezokuthutha labo abangase babe abathengi noma izilimi.

Ngokulandelayo, ake sixoxe ukutshala oilseeds, owawuhlala main kutshalwe indawo eRussia.

Uhlelo Oluvumelana Nesixazululi nkinga

Ukumela sunflower oilseed - isitshalo ukwahlukahlukana. On ke siyohlale ukufuneka kakhulu kuleli zwe, kusukela omningi zemifino amafutha wenza kusukela ubhekilanga. Amafutha abadumile okusezingeni eliphezulu izimfanelo gustatory ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa kahle is bahlanza of ukungcola. Ububanzi olunzulu ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo: kuthiwa kudliwe, asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni upende, varnishes, zokubasa kanye zokugcoba, ekwenzeni insipho ukwenziwa. Ukusingathwa - ikhekhe futhi ukudla - kukhona isisekelo esihle kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane. Etshalwayo njengenhlangano Ornamental isitshalo sunflower esihle bee isitshalo. Ngemizamo abalimi ezifuywa e isiko, ngisho iraba-izinhlobo.
Sunflower kuyinto ezikhiqiza kakhulu ezindaweni okufudumele inhlabathi emnyama evundile. It izidingo ende yokukhula sonyaka, futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza - lokushisa sezingeni eliphezulu (25-30˚S) inhlabathi umswakama kanye nokuvikeleka. Ubuningi ezithela limenyezelwe izimpahla ezingamathani angu-45 ehektheleni. I yimpumelelo kakhulu ukutshala ubhekilanga eRussia kukhona Southern, Central kanye iVolga izifunda sikahulumeni.

inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya

Oilseeds futhi ongowokuzalwa eMpumalanga Asia - soy. It esanda kutshalwa kuleli zwe, kodwa zithandwa kakhulu futhi usesikhundleni nsimu enkulu eliseMpumalanga Ekude (Amur isifunda eKhabarovsk Territory) kanye Black Earth, okwethulwa laseStavropol futhi Krasnodar Territory. endaweni Limited okuletha kukhompiyutha ukutshalwa njengoba isiko sezinsuku eside, nokudingekayo sezulu ngokwanele zinomswakama futhi efudumele. abahlaziyi Market ukubeka phambili isimangalo ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, izitshalo kabhontshisi ngeke kabili ngenxa elikhulu Ukukhetha umsebenzi, imiphumela namuhla inani izinhlobo ezaziwayo bazivumelanisa nezimo ezimbi kakhulu sokukhula.

I kancane soy ukusetshenziswa yokudla eRussia ivala isikhala okuqhubekayo e ukufunwa njengethuba umkhiqizo othelekisekayo, bazimisele ukuthenga phesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu bekulokhu waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwezilwane soy-based, ukuhlinzeka nzuzo ezinhle.

ukudlwengula

Umndeni omkhulu ngokuthi "oilseed" kuhlanganisa ukudlwengula, ekwandiseni acreage okwakunzima omunye Russian nezokulima eziseqhulwini eziphathelene nenqubomgomo. Namuhla, canola izitshalo zaba 1 million amahektha. amafutha canola kuphezulu unsaturated okunamafutha acid - ukudla kakhulu. Phesheya, Kungcono Sunflower, bangazihluphi ngokuthola isikhundla okuholela eRussia, ngakho emakethe yalo mkhiqizo Siyaqiniseka esikhathini esizayo.

Ukudlwengula njengendlela eyigugu ifolishi noju isiko. mass Green futhi imbewu izitshalo ezidla izilwane, elidla ukudla inakekelwa futhi imfucuza kusukela ukukhiqizwa uwoyela - ikhekhe futhi ukudla. Isikhathi izimbali oilseed ukudlwengula - ezinsukwini ezingu-30, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa izitshalo ifolishi izinyosi.

Phawula futhi umphumela phytosanitary isiko nekhono layo buthelela enhlabathini udaba eziphilayo, ngcono kakhulu isakhiwo.

Ngakho, oilseeds nezitshalo wokudla bawumgogodla ezolimo - kwezitshalo.