Ezolimo: oilseeds. Shrovetide isiko Russian

Pancake futhi izitshalo ibekwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile kwezolimo endaweni WaseRussia. Amafutha, okuyinto zihlobene imbewu yabo futhi izithelo, kukhona yinzuzo.

Oilseeds: uhlu izitshalo

Ekutshaleni asetshenziswa endaweni yokudla, isinyathelo njengenye izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa yomkhiqizo wezolimo. Okuvame kakhulu Shrovetide Russian isiko - ukudlwengula, lwesinaphi, sayinela ukungena, ocolisekileyo, ubhekilanga. Uhlu iqukethe perilla, lallemantia, Sesame, safflower, lamantongomane kanye nabanye abaningi. Icubungula uwoyela izitshalo ingenye izinkomba eyinhloko Primary Industries.

Uhlelo Oluvumelana Nesixazululi nkinga

Yena uphokophele ohlwini, elinikeza Pancake ensimini izitshalo. Sunflower ensimini kazwelonke waqala ukuhlakulela Maphakathi nekhulu le-18 leminyaka. Nale esithile oilseeds ukusakaza Kuban, Saratov futhi Voronezh izindawo. Ngu ekuqaleni sunflower Umhlaba Okwesibili matasa 3 million. Ha. isenzakalo esiphawulekayo zalesi sitshalo kungenziwa kuphawulwe eBulgaria, eHungary futhi Romania.

idatha izibalo phezu Russian Federation

Isivuno ezingaba sunflower imayelana 4-5 amathani ehektheleni. Ngo-2011, e-Southern esifundeni indices 14.5 c / ha, futhi iVolga - 10.7 c / ha. Amapulazi ekhiqizwa mayelana 27% of the isiko. Izizathu eziyinhloko isivuno ongaphakeme neziyaluyalu agronomic Ukujikeleza izindlela kulinywe. Njengoba sihambisana nale akulona zokugcina ukubaluleka umthelela ezidala, izifo kanye izinambuzane. Nokho, sunflower - kakhulu engabizi, ephezulu uwoyela izitshalo. Ngo 2006-2010 yisabelo isilimo sakhe kwaba ngu-12%. Phakathi izinkomba ezivamile ukukhiqizwa sunflower oil izitshalo wathatha u-80%. Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet kukholakala ukuthi eziphelele kakhulu impova ehektheleni kwafezwa 0.5-1 bee emndenini. Ngu 70s zakuqala uju umkhiqizo kwakulinganiselwa ku 16.3-3.5 kg / ha. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi khudlwana uhlu nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo sunflower esekhulile eRussia.

Umsoco sunflower

Amafutha ukhonza njengoba eyinhloko ukucutshungulwa umkhiqizo isiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho ke is etholakala sunflower ezihlukahlukene ohlangothini okuphakelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, inani elilodwa ukusetshenziswa isitshalo neziqu embonini uginindela. Zinikeza oda 40-48% of cellulose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sunflower ukhipha izingongolo asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni fibre amabhodi. isitshalo Kangaka Ukusebenzelana ezolimo - isetshenziswa njengendlela isivuno ifolishi. Ekugcineni ezomile ehlobo ngesikhathi kwezitshalo betshala therefrom mass oluhlaza eyatholakala. Yena, isetshenziswa ukwenza silage.

Pancake yefilakisi

It is basakaza ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile futhi efudumele. Ikakhulu, i-isiko Simila eWestern, eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Asia, South, North naseMelika Ephakathi. Muva aphethwe ezihlukahlukene ucwaningo ukuhlonza zibheke kulinywe yayo eYurophu Ephakathi. Pancake yefilakisi kuyinto branched isitshalo ongaphakeme. Sikhula kuze kufinyelele 50-80 cm., Kuye inani amagatsha yakha izikhala kuhluka 2 kuya ku-10 nokuningi. uwoyela Flax isetshenziswa embonini yezokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhonza njengephayona impahla eluhlaza for upende kanye isikhumba nezicathulo umkhakha. ikhekhe Flax has eliphezulu a umsoco futhi isetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni okuphakelayo CONCENTRATE for avalele izinkomo. Kuyinto amaprotheni samanje, fibre namafutha. Nelineni ikhekhe ngempela kugaywe kalula izinkomo. Ngenxa izingxenye izakhi therein samanje, okwandisa ezithela, okwandisa iphesenti fat ubisi. Yefilakisi utshani ingasetshenziswa womshini amaphepha okubhala. Futhi, lesi izitshalo amafutha asetshenziswa embonini eyenza imithi.

Ikakhulukazi ukutshala yefilakisi

Ngaphambi inguquko eRussia ukucutshungulwa lokhu isiko kwaba isintu impela. Kwaze kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zaseSoviet isimo kanye collective amapulazi bakwazi ukwandisa izitshalo. Lokhu osekuzuziwe ngokusebenzisa imishini. izitshalo kutshalwa ikakhulukazi medium ngaphandle ekhelini ngasesinqeni, kodwa kokuba igatsha kusukela maphakathi isiqu. Eminyakeni yamuva, imicu yefilakisi ezisetshenziswa emasimini ukukhiqiza ukudla ephepheni noma cottonization. Lokhu ukukhiqizwa uvame kakhulu Melika. Isiqu Shrovetide yefilakisi ngokuvamile namandla ngaphezu ukuphotha, futhi has a Imicu yotshani ezincane.

lwesinaphi mhlophe

Lo izitshalo uwoyela eMedithera, Eastern India naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lwesinaphi isetshenziswa njengoba ikhambi elithile lokwelapha kanye nesiqholo. Njengoba oilseeds lalisetshenziswa muva. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ke kungokwalabo Yarov emasimini, it has a ukusatshalaliswa kunomkhawulo. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, lwesinaphi izenzo njengenhlangano ifolishi kwezitshalo Lesisemkhatsini.

inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya

Lena imbiza wonyaka we imidumba umndeni. Ngo inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya impande amagciwane ethize samanje, ngenxa okuyinto ukuguqulwa wenziwa nitrogen eziqukethwe imvelo. Soy amaprotheni ocebile (40-45%), amafutha (20%), ama-carbohydrate (30%). Ibuye ibe izakhi yezimbiwa ehlukahlukene (mayelana 5-6%). Ngo amaprotheni nama-amino acid ukwakheka iqoqo okuletha kukhompiyutha kubhekwa analogu esiseduzane ukudla isilwane. izitshalo Ukwenza ezikhulayo njalo. Ngakho, kwaba ezingeni 156,5 mln. Amathani. Lesi sibalo idlula Izibalo 1991-1995 ngo-30% kusukela ngonyaka ka-1998.

inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya ezikhulayo endaweni

ERussia namuhla cishe ngo-280 amathani ubhontshisi ngonyaka. Iningi lazo okusetshenziselwa izinjongo yokudla. The main inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya ezikhulayo ezindaweni:

1. North-Caucasus, Rostov esifundeni., Krasnodar esifundeni Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia. Kube itholakala mayelana 9.6% futhi kulinywe Kwenziwa ezingaphezu kuka-13% isivuno esibi.
2. Far East (Amur Region., EKhabarovsk futhi Primorsky Krai). Kulesi zone, kuba nokwaziswa okuningi okudlula 88% of izitshalo. Inani labantu okufanele lifinyelelwe isivuno bezakhamuzi ET kuyinto 86% yezwe.
3. EMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga eSiberia, Ural futhi iVolga izifunda. Kube itholakala cishe u-1.5% izitshalo wenziwa kanye oda 1% isivuno esibi.

amantongomane

Lokhu izitshalo uwoyela zisuka Turkey e 1792. Ngo-1825 imizamo ngowokuqala acclimate Odessa amantongomane athathwa. Namuhla, ezindaweni ezincane lesi sitshalo otshalwa e-republic angu-Caucasus nase-Asia Ephakathi. Amantongomane alinywa ukukhiqiza amafutha ezidliwayo kusuka imbewu yayo. I share komkhiqizo zaba ngu-53% wezindleko. Kepha lizinga iphrotheni amantongomane, kuba wawungaphansi soy eyodwa. Omunye tonne imbewu hulled ngokwesilinganiso, kusukela 226 kuya 317 kg uwoyela. Ngokuyinhloko, lo mkhiqizo isetshenziswa confectionery ukuwafaka izimboni. I nepepper imbewu lamantongomane asetshenziswa njengoba izithasiselo ngesikhathi womshini ushokoledi. Phezulu futhi bagasse asetshenziswa njengoba aklaba izilwane. Umkhombe uyahlanzeka abekhona futhi 11% amaprotheni. Ngu umsoco wayo akuyona phansi kunabaphostoli temabhodlela clover ne-alfalfa. Ukuze yokudla izinhlobo ezikhethekile etshalwa. Sinenkosi emabhontjisi ukunambitheka. Imbewu okugazingiwe izinhlobonhlobo ukudla kudliwa, ochotshoziwe esetshenziswa njengoba izithasiselo imikhiqizo confectionery.