Ruza Jikelele Nikolay Vladimirovich: Biography nokufa

Ngokwe amaningi historiography, le ndoda kwaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu e kokugumbuqelwa autocracy eRussia. Jikelele Ruza, monarchist ngani ngomunye wabokuqala okuphakanyiswe Tsar uNicholas II iwuyeke, kunokuba basekele nokusiza inkosi ukuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi. UMbusi wancika ukusizwa ojenene bakhe, nokuthi wayemane owakhaphela.

Esikhathini lempi, Ruza (Jikelele Infantry) uye wazimisa njengonegunya umholi wamasosha abanamakhono, ngakho liqala ukubusa, amaBolshevik sasifuna ukuqhubeka lokuyala nebutho lezempi, kodwa ngasohlangothini lwabo. Kodwa wala kulesi siphakamiso, futhi ngenxa yalokho wahlupheka kubulawa ngesihluku.

Ubani lo Ruza Jikelele? inkosi noma ngumkhapheli we abavikeli wobaba ngubani isiphetho amlungiselele ukukhetha esindayo? Cabanga ngalo mbuzo kabanzi.

Iminyaka Engu esakhula

Nikolay Vladimirovich Ruzsky - ozalwa esifundazweni Kaluga, wazalwa ngo-March 6 ngonyaka 1854.

Imithombo eminingi yokwaziswa kusikisela ukuthi jikelele esizayo wayehlobene ezikude imbongi Lermontov, owabhala le nkondlo owaziwa "I Novice." Ukweseka lokhu bakhombe idatha okubonisa ukuthi omunye wokhokho bakaJesu. Mikhail Yurevich, ekhulwini XVIII, owayengumbusi YaseMoscow esifundeni edolobheni Ruza, wazala ingane zizalelwe ngaphandle komshado. Ngokushesha kwaba yilapho inzalo yakwa-igama okuyigama lomuzi lapho ophethe izindaba Lermontov.

Kodwa kuyangabazeka noma Ruza jikelele wanika nokuzwelana theory ne imbongi edumile kakhulu. Khona-ke wayezoboshwa ngokugcwele athola imfundo classical, esibuswa kwakungokomnikelo zonke izingane ezinabazali yizicukuthwane okufanayo, kodwa Nicholas kushonelwa ubaba bakhe bokuqala. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuphila kwakhe kwaqala ukugxambukela abasebenzi yenhloko-dolobha ibhodi Labaphathiswa, kodwa ikusasa jikelele leli qiniso akuyona ikakhulukazi irked. Kakade ebusheni bakhe Nicholas ngiphuphe career lempi.

kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo

Ukuze uqalise isilinganiselo ukuze iphupho, Ruza baba abafundi lokuqala esikoleni lempi, esemgwaqweni umuzi iNeva.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile wayengumuntu ubusosha yesibili Konstantinovsky Military School, ogama abathweswe iziqu baba isikhulu elihamba phansi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX izikole Russian lempi waqala ukukusebenzisa izinguquko okuqalwe Tsar u-Alexander II nesazi-mlando Dmitriem Milyutinym. Yingakho Jikelele Ruza, isithombe olutholakalayo izincwadi eziningi ku ubuciko bafanekisela impi, futhi kukhona kulesi sihloko ukuze uthole imfundo esezingeni, elihambisana nokuphila okungokoqobo lapho isikhathi.

Ukuqala umsebenzi lakhe lempi

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ekolishi, le nsizwa yahamba ukukhonza Ekuphileni Guards Grenadier Regiment njengomsebenzi wasehhovisi. Yaqala impi Russian-Turkish eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, futhi esikhathini esizayo Ruza jikelele wazibonakalisa enkundleni lwempi kuphela ohlangothini oluhle. Ngo ukubonga ngokubonisa isibindi nesibindi Ruza wathola i the Order of St Anne grade IV. Ekupheleni imisebenzi samasosha wanquma ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo futhi baye baqeqeshwa e-Mykolayiv Jikelele Abasebenzi Academy. othisha akhe angamalangabi abadumile V Sukhomlinov futhi Kuropatkin. Isikhulu ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi ukwenza, yanjalo esikhundleni izintonga kwezifunda lempi. Nikolay Vladimirovich baba umsebenzi wangempela uchwepheshe yokudla nokusebenza.

Luyingqophamlando esilandelayo umsebenzi wakhe enkonzweni e Kiev Military weSifunda njengengxenye Quartermaster Jikelele. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Ruza get ukhushuliwe uMajor General futhi uzobe ehola indlunkulu.

Russian-Japanese impi

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX Russia eyayihilelekile empini neJapane. Jikelele Ruza, ogama Biography of isithakazelo esikhulu mlando, kuzoholela yesibili Manchurian ibutho indlunkulu. Uyobabonisa izimfanelo zabo engcono umholi wamasosha, amabutho ukuzivikela kahle ohlelekile yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe eMfuleni Shahe. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi impumelelo ehambisana nezimo ezidumazayo. Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma imisebenzi zihlasela ngaphansi Sandepu, okuyinto bavotela phansi ngenxa yesenzo omanqikanqika oyinhloko.

aqhubeke

Ngemva kwempi Ruzsky esiphathiswe yala 21 Army Corps. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, uNikolai Vladimirovich uselokhu e isimo Jikelele Infantry, parallel yingxenye yoMkhandlu Military. Uyosinika usizo okungokoqobo umsebenzi ukuthuthukiswa yezinguquko empini. Jikelele Ruza kuyinto co-umbhali yenombolo namabhukwana neziqondiso. Ihlombe amaphoyisa lomnikelo wakhe Manual Field ngo-1912. Ngemva lo msebenzi, uNikolai Vladimirovich wabuya sokuyokhonza e Kiev Military District, lapho akhonza khona njengombonisi umkhuzi umsizi kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

1914

Ngemva kwagqashuka impi phakathi oMfelandawonye kanye umfelandawonye, ezazihlanganisa eJalimane nase-Austria-Hungary, umyalo Russian wathunyelwa ukulwa Ruza eNingizimu-Western Front, emnike zayala Army 3rd.

ophusile kule nkundla yempi kwaba impi Galicia, lapho Nikolay Vladimirovich, ahlangane amatutu Jikelele Brusilov, wasiza aphonse isitha kusukela ensimini ka eBukovina naseMpumalanga Galicia. Kodwa-ke babheka wajuba ukuze uthwebule eLvov galich. Kakade Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1914 Ruza Jikelele Nikolay Vladimirovich eduze kakhulu ukuqaliswa yayo: isitha zinhlanga, naphezu kwemizamo ukuyeka ibutho Russian emfuleni ukubola jay jay and Gold. Ekugcineni, Lviv wathunjwa, ngemva kwalokho Brusilov adunyiswe izenzo nozakwethu-e-izingalo zakhe. Wachaza Ruza kanjani ngokugqamile, abanesibindi futhi umholi ohlakaniphile lempi. Kodwa insimu yanqoba Galicia wabonisa kokubili izinga nomholi wezempi. Kube wabonisa evulekile kwamaJuda. Kungani esiqeda abantu lasendulo Galicia, Jikelele Ruza? UmJuda, ngokombono wakhe, kuba ngokuyinhloko nihlole izenzo eyayiphazamisa izithakazelo abantu isiRashiya, ngakho lesi sizwe kumelwe kuhlawulelwe igazi yobugebengu baso.

umsebenzi omusha

Nikolay Vladimirovich okuphumelela ezempi uphromothiwe, futhi ngokushesha wayesebika baphathiswe umyalo North-Western Front, ogama amabutho yanqotshwa e yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Isimo libhekene yokuthi ibutho lamaJalimane ayewulungiselelwe ingcono kakhulu Austro-Hungarian, ngakho ngenxa ukuzinza of isimo edinga umholi abanolwazi lempi, indima okuyinto enhle jikelele Ruza. Wakwazi ngiyigodlele ukumelana nesitha izimpi phezu Vistula phakathi nangaphansi Polish Lodz. Futhi isitha hhayi kuphela kujanyiswe ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zabo, kodwa futhi zangisiza ekwenzeni ekamelweni elingemuva.

Khona-German High Command enquma ukuqinisa isikhundla salo isiqondiso North-West alwisane jikelele Russian. Ngenxa yalokho yezimpi onegazi isitha sikwazile ukunqoba emzini Augustow, kodwa imizamo ukuba anqotshwe inhlokodolobha Polish zehlulekile.

Esikhathini ngxabano, olwaludedelwe edolobheni Prasnysh, uNikolai Vladimirovich wakwazi kahle ukwakha amacebo ukuzivikela, abangela nesitha wayibuyisela yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Jikelele Ruza wayehamba sokuhlasela isitha futhi uyozibhidliza nakanjani ukuba smithereens amabutho aseJalimane. Kodwa abaholi bezempi Russian zithatha elinye ikhambi: ukuba agxilise force main ukulwa Austro-baseHungary, kanye North-Western Front kwaba ukuba abe ibhodi isivikelo German okuhlaselayo.

nokungcebeleka

Edumele lelisu okungenangqondo empi, ukhathele ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba kumlawuli, wanikela phezu umyalo kwenye phambi jikelele futhi wathatha iholide ukuze lulama. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Nikolay Vladimirovich eyalile i division ibutho, eyayiqinisekisa ekumeleleni Petrograd. Khona-ke, ngemva "ukucekwa kwabantu" we North-Western Front, kuya eNyakatho neNtshonalanga uzobe eliholwa uJenene kuqala.

Kodwa ngisho nalapho ukusebenza lezempi liyobe kwaholela ngqo autocrat uNicholas II, ngeke akushiye dengwane amaqhinga ukuzivikela ukuthi ekugcineni ukudanisa Ruza futhi wayesefile kakade ngaphansi ibhaxa esisemthethweni kabusha ukuthumela eholidini.

1916

Ngemva kokuphumula cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, umnikazi oda St. Anne IV ngokwezinga uzophinde yala phambi enyakatho. Usalokhu Kwethenjwa ukuthi umyalo Russian iya ibe ukuhlaselana ngalokho asebenzayo futhi buhlungu sina ukuze amaJalimane angasiboni. Kodwa amandla ukulwa yebutho ngokuzumayo zaqala ukugcwala amanzi phambi kwamehlo ethu: amasosha bakhathele impi futhi wafuna engaqondakali ngokushesha ukubuyela nemindeni yabo. Lapho, phakathi nokuhlaselwa kwaleli Insimu amasosha Baltic mutinied futhi benqaba zokumelana, uNikolai Vladimirovich ungisongele umoya wokuvukela we moralizovat Tribunal.

Nokho, leyo mizamo ekugcineni asikwazanga ukushintsha inkambo ukusebenza, kanye uhlelo zokuhlasela wahlulwa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, futhi wagcina empini uqobo.

Isimo mayelana negunya

Izazi-mlando namanje phikisana kungani Jikelele Ruza wakhaphela inkosi? Ebusika 1917, asekelwe ngentshiseko isinyathelo we State Duma amasekela ukumisa "kheleza" futhi "ayizwakali" inqubomgomo kahulumeni samanje ubuso nkosi Russian. Nikolay Vladimirovich, amela ngokuqinile evikela umbuso autocratic, ezibucayi kwenqubomgomo, elaliba yinkosi. Yena muva nje, eqinisweni, hhayi imithetho, ngokudlulisela Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo izindaba eNgophezukonke yibhece umlinyana UGrigory Rasputin, owaba uhlobo "grey cardinal" phakathi nokubusa uNicholas II. Futhi wayebona ukuthi ukunganeliseki elikhulayo uquqaba bakhathazekile ngesimo sezindaba ngaphakathi umbuso nangale. Jikelele ungathanda ukuphatha Russia entsha waba autocrat, mathupha ngaphezulu, isilungele ushintsho, okuyizinto kade e umphakathi uhlelo ukuphatha. Mhlawumbe ingxenye kungani Jikelele Ruza wakhaphela inkosi.

Isiphakamiso ukuthi siphakamise umqhele

Ngosuku lokuqala kwentwasahlobo 1917 autocrat babevela Tsarskoye Selo ukuba Pskov, lapho yindlunkulu Northern Front. Kodwa akekho wahlangana le nkosi lapho isitimela yakhe blue ne izinkozi segolide bafike endaweni yesikhulumi. Kuphela ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kwakukhona UNikolai Vladimirovich, ababemlandela emotweni, lapho yayikhona inkosi. Ngakusasa Ruza aphakanyisiwe lo mbusi ukuba ngokuzithandela asuke amandla ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Jikelele waziswa uNicholas II c dokhumenti, eyayinekheli izimpendulo amasosha kanye amatilosi ngisho nombuzo owodwa: "? Lo renunciation sesihlalo sobukhosi Romanov" "Ngobani" ngoba "noma" ngokumelene Cishe zonke wakhetha ukhetho lokuqala, kwasinda Jikelele Kolchak ezathatha hlangothi. Phakathi kwamabili kuKesari wamnikela UNikolai Vladimirovich kanye nabamele State Duma we manifestos e awunika amandla bobukhosi umfowabo Michael. Abaphila Besikhathi namuhla unelungelo ukusho ukuthi, mhlawumbe, Jikelele Ruza - umkhapheli, kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela - debatable.

ukwesula

Lapho UNikolai Vladimirovich wayeqonda ukuthi iRussia zigoqiwe uhlelo autocratic ngokuphelele, ukuthi incwadi yokwesula kwakhe, kamuva sivunyiwe. Ukubuyisela impilo, i-jikelele ethunyelwe eCaucasus. Amandla kuleli zwe wadlulela Yesikhashana Uhulumeni kanye ehlobo lika-1917 Ruza kokuya emhlanganweni umyalo omkhulu-Armed Forces, nayo abangu-abameleli uhulumeni omusha.

Jikelele yafuna amalungu kahulumeni ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthula ezweni, ekuqedeni kwakunezinxushunxushu eyayivamile impi kuleli lizwe. Alexander Kerensky ke Ruzsky ngokhahlo bagxekwa izama ukubuyisela emuva emlandweni futhi abuyisele ohlanga.

I eza emandleni amaBolshevik

Lapho amandla kuleli zwe wadlulela "elivulekile ngomqondo" isikhulu samasosha ethukuthele wathatha izindaba. Ayekuyo ngaleso sikhathi Jikelele Ruza? Pyatigorsk isibe isiphephelo zokugcina ngaye. Ngokushesha umuzi kwakuhlezi "red", okuyinto eyenziwa ukuboshwa umkhuzi abanolwazi yebutho Russian. AmaBolshevik zaziwazi yokufaneleka kwalo angamaqhawe, ngakho UNikolai Vladimirovich okunikelwe ukulwa ngasohlangothini lwabo. Kepha wala, okuyiwona wabulawa ngesikhathi Pyatigorsk emathuneni. Jikelele Ruza, ogama ukufa iphutha Okthoba 19, 1918, futhi akazange aqaphele ekunqobeni kwesokunxele ngokuthi "utho lwesikhala", Positioning ngokuthi "emikhulu inkunzi." Ngandlela-thile, kodwa umlawuli ovelele wenze umnikelo obalulekile ikhomishini etat Ukuketulwa futhi wakwazi ngokwengxenye uvikelekile ekunqobeni "Kwesokunxele", eyagcina wamvuza lokho bancishwa ukuphila.