Volgograd kwaba igama ngaphambi? Umlando omfishane komuzi

Umuzi, okuyinto iye yaba nendima enkulu ebalulekile emlandweni ERussia namuhla - muzi elinabantu izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwesigidi. Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ukuba enze akanhlanhlatsi ku umlando edolobheni bese uphendula umbuzo kanjani ebibizwa Volgograd. Kuwo wonke umlando saba khona, ke yashintsha igama layo kabili.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la Volgograd

Ubani igama ngaphambi, futhi kanjani leli dolobha lakhula? It yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, kodwa abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi zonke izimali eziyingxenye khona isikhathi esithile eside, ezinsukwini ejokeni Mongol-Tatar. Kanye Samara futhi Saratov, Tsaritsyn umuzi owakhiwa njengoba inqaba isikaniso Cossacks ezempi kanye Umkhuzi endawo Grigoriem Zasekinym ngomyalo wabaholi Ivana Groznogo ngemva kokunqotshwa umbuso Astrakhan Muscovy. Isifunda khona ukuhweba asebenzayo nge ezindaweni iCaspian, ngakho kunesidingo esiphuthumayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha abathengisi, imali Driven nezimpahla kwezintandane ukuhweba iVolga umzila, kusukela Nomad kuphangwa. I inqaba esiqashwe abacibisheli esemsebenzini ubusuku nemini, okuyinto nge ticongotekulindza ephakanyiswe alamu ikampu.

nokuthuthukisa umuzi

Volgograd kwaba igama ngaphambi, kuze 1925? Kuze kube yileso sikhathi lalibizwa Tsaritsyn. Ngokushesha umuzi ekuthuthukiseni waqala ngemva kokuthuthela ibhange kwesokudla emfuleni omkhulu Russian iVolga, ngemva ekunqobeni kokugcina phezu izindimbane zasendle. Izakhamuzi salo sehluke ephapheme futhi engumthengisi, ngakho zasemizaneni paramilitary ku emaphethelweni Tsarina isimo ngokushesha wathatha umuzi sama yomthengisi. Kodwa emakhulwini eminyaka yomlando walo ngokuvamile edume ngokuthi Tsaritsyn "Ponizova nabaseKirene", njengoba ku Lower iVolga uya Runaway izigqila abalimi kulo lonke elaseRussia. Emlandweni walondoloza amagama heroes abadumile, ningatholakala abantu khulula wokuhlala - UStepan Razin, Kondrat Bulavin, Emelyan Pugachev.

Njengoba nje negama layo Volgograd

Ubani igama esetshenziswa edolobheni futhi uyini umlando ngamunye igama layo - akazi konke. Labo abangavumelani eqinile emlandweni, eqiniseka ngokuthi Tsaritsyn ukuthi ogama lakhe behlonipha iNdlovukazi uCatherine Omkhulu. Lena nokucabanga ayilungile, yize ukweleta ukuguqulwa kwakhe kusukela uzkovoennogo nemizana edolobheni elikhula ngokushesha. Futhi gama sibonga emfudlaneni oluncane Queen, okuyindawo babembalwa kuphela iziphethu. Kodwa emakhulwini amahlanu eminyaka edlule, isiteshi umfula sasiyisimangaliso ephelele, futhi ngokushesha ngempela eyenziwa ngamanzi ubumba phakathi iVolga. Ukuze umbala amaMongol AmaTatar sabizwa ngokuthi emfuleni Sary-Su, okusho "amanzi ophuzi". Kamuva lo gama ziqondakala indlebe njengoba indlovukazi, kungakho igama lokuqala edolobheni.

Ukukhuluma bokuqala inqaba Tsaritsyn ezihlobene 1589, ngakho njengoba lolu suku kubhekwa esemthethweni, futhi kwaba naye inomlando Volgograd. Ubani igama lakhe phambi komuzi, futhi lapho benza igama lokuqala, manje uyazi.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20

Ezinsukwini October Revolution futhi kulwiwa, nomuzi wawungowegolide lapho kwakuphambana khona impi phakathi Olubomvu wamabutho White. Guards White ngubani ashaqe edolobheni, kanzima kakhulu asebenzelana ngayo elathunjwa fighters abomvu - bagawula ngezinkemba. umonakalo Omkhulu kwabangelwa edolobheni: zokuhlala, izakhiwo namasiko-yasekhaya bawubhubhisa phansi, amanzi phansi kuhoxiswe ukunikezela ukukhucululwa, namandla izimboni cishe ubhujiswe. Lokhu kwalandelwa nokubuyiselwa edolobheni. Okokuqala umkhankaso umkhakha yamaRefa; Steel, yokusaha, ukhuni ukucutshungulwa izitshalo, ngemva umugqa ezimisiwe hosiery ukunitha nengubo izimboni, wakha futhi umkhankaso embonini yezokudla.

igama lesibili

Njengoba ngaphambili ayebizwa ngokuthi Volgograd (1925-1961)? Ngo-1925 edolobheni washintsha igama layo ku Tsarina kwaseStalingrad. Yiqiniso, lokhu ukuqanjwa kabusha lihlotshaniswa Stalin, okwathi ngo-1922 kwaba uNobhala Jikelele we-Communist Party. Kuleli qophelo, lomuzi lwalunezisekelo abantu abayizinkulungwane 112, wayengumuntu indawo nesishiyagalolunye ngokuya labantu phakathi amadolobha aseRussia. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva labantu laliphakathi kakade 140.000, owawungumnyaka Umfutho ukwakhiwa yokuhlala grand.

Esikhathini esizayo, edolobheni, efana izwe lonke, ukuthuthukisa bebheke kwezimboni. wokuqala kuleli zwe yakhiwa ugandaganda imboni, kanye "Red Okthoba" - isitshalo Metallurgical - eseqala ukuveza steel eliphezulu.

impi

Kodwa impi angqongqoze phansi esuka yizinyawo zonke wazinqoba. Kusukela ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala of kwaseStalingrad kwaba arsenal ngobukhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia. ngokushelela izimboni ekhiqizwa futhi balungisa amathangi, imikhumbi, imishini. Esikhathini division emzini izidlamlilo kazwelonke kwamiswa futhi Battalion eziyisishiyagalombili. Kufikwe Ubukhulu elikhulu ukwakhiwa ukuzivikela. ezakhiwa nojantshi bezitimela, nendima enkulu usinika amabutho. Kusukela ngo-1942, e kwaseStalingrad kubonakala njalo kuphangwa isitha air ezomvikela wendawo.

City wasebenza walwa ukuze naphezu abahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa, ukudabuka off izinhlelo kaHitler. umyalo isitha ethunyelwe kwaseStalingrad amabutho azo zikhethe. Uma baphumelela e lanqoba lokuhlushwa main olugqamile amabutho, bekuyoba kakhulu ukushintsha inkambo impi. Kodwa kwaseStalingrad ngenkani wamelana ukuhlaselwa, ukumelana kwakhe nobuqhawe we amabutho aseSoviet ukuba azihambele ku ecasula. Hlula isitha, ibutho laseSoviet wadala izimo shintsho olukhulu enkambweni empini. Ekuqaleni kwawo-isitha kwaseStalingrad kwakungasebenzeki kuphela wayeka, kodwa futhi ochotshoziwe ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

eziyinkimbinkimbi Memorial

Le mpi edume of kwaseStalingrad asala, ukuvula umuzi ku amanxiwa. Kumemori le mpi, elamiswa yisikhumbuzo edumile Mamayev Kurgan ukuba kwetshe lesikhumbuzo emhlabeni edumile ethi "Izingcingo Motherland!", Owaphenduka uphawu komuzi. Yena elandelanayo yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba, ukuphakama kwalo - 55 metres, isisindo - amathani 8.000, eyinkimbinkimbi liyingxenye sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa Russia. Itshe lesikhumbuzo iyabonakala kuzo zonke izingxenye ezithile zedolobha.

Njengoba-ke kuqala kwakuthiwa Volgograd? Kuze 1961 asithwala igama uyaziqhenya kwaseStalingrad, kodwa, naphezu nokubaluleka okungokomlando kuka igama, iziphathimandla wezwe sinqume ukuqamba kabusha umuzi, simenze isihloko sesithathu - Volgograd, ngenxa indawo. Ngokwezazi-mlando, lo mbono wafakwa phambili ukuze abhekane ihlelo ubuntu kaStalin.

Ngakho bahlangana umlando omfushane edolobheni manje awusakwazi ukuphendula noma yimuphi umbuzo mayelana nendlela ebibizwa emzini Volgograd.