Aviation neMpi Yezwe II. izindiza zempi zase-USSR

Eziningi zingalandisa neMpi Yezwe II. Amaqiniso kukhona nje lenqwaba. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kufanele sinake lesi sihloko, njengoba izindiza Second neMpi Yezwe. Ake sixoxe izindiza edume kakhulu, ayesetshenziselwa ekulweni.

Iyunithi eziyisisekelo ngoxhaxha Soviet

I-16 - "imbongolo", "ishachok". Monoplane fighter ukukhiqizwa Soviet. Yena bavela okokuqala 30s. Yilokho okwenzeka Polikarpov okb. Eyokuqala owayevuka ku ukulwa emoyeni, kwaba Valery Chkalov. Kwathi ekupheleni kuka-December 1933. Indiza wathatha ingxenye empini yombango oqubuke ngo-1936 eSpain, e-ezingqubuzana eJapan Khalkhin Gol, empini Soviet-Finnish. Ngu ekuqaleni Omkhulu fighter Patriotic lisisakhiwo yemikhumbi elihambisana wase-USSR. Iningi umsebenzi wakhe kwaba abashayeli waqala kusukela isevisi mina-16.

Inventions Aleksandra Yakovleva

Aviation neMpi Yezwe II kufakwe inombolo yabo kanye jak-3. Ngaphansi kwawo kumelwe liqondwe walilwela owodwa injini, ukuthuthukiswa eyayiholwa Aleksandra Yakovleva. Le ndiza waba ukuqhubeka olukhulu imodeli Yak-1. Womshini imishini endizayo ezenzeka kusukela ngo-1994 kuya ku-1945. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ke ukwakha fighters mayelana 5000. Le ndiza wayebhekwa njengoba fighter engcono kweMpi Yezwe II, eyenzelwe kwaleli chibi. Le modeli kwaba ezingalweni yeFrance.

Aviation USSR eziningi akuthola ngesikhathi indiza okusungulile jak-7 (Uti-26). Kuyinto izindiza owodwa injini elaklanywa Aleksandrom Yakovlevym. Isetshenziswa ngokombono ukuqeqeshwa izindiza. Ukukhiqizwa waqala ngo-1942. Emoyeni rose mayelana 6000 yalezi onobuhle.

imodeli okuthuthukisiwe

Aviation wase-USSR kwadingeka ukulwa enjalo, njengoba K-9. Lona imodeli mass kakhulu, ogama ukukhiqiza yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-6, kusukela ngo-1942. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, yayakhiwe angaba yizinkulungwane 17 izindiza. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imodeli kwadingeka umehluko omncane kusukela FC-7 izindiza, lazo zonke izinto sekuyinto ngaphezulu ukuqhubeka eyinkimbinkimbi sochungechunge.

Aircraft okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa Petlyakova

Lapho uxoxa ezifana izindiza kweMpi Yezwe II, kufanele kuphawulwe indiza ngokuthi Pawn (Pe-2). Lokhu webhomu dive, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu eklasini yayo. Le modeli isetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu empini.

Aviation Soviet neMpi Yezwe II kufakwe ngezithako zawo, futhi umshini flying njengoba PE-3. Ngaphansi mthandazo oyisibonelo, kufanele aqondwe iwele-injini fighter. main isici Sici Its kwaba isakhiwo sensimbi. Lakhiwe ku okb-29. Ngesisekelo sathathwa dive webhomu Pe-2. Wayehola inqubo ukukhiqizwa B. Petlyakov. Indiza yokuqala kwakhiwa 1941. Kusukela webhomu yakhe ukungabi the dweba engezansi ukuze uthole izilungiselelo sokudubula. Kwakungekho-grid ukubopha.

Fighter uyakwazi zindizela phezulu ezindaweni eziphakeme

izindiza zempi eU.SSR ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili yengeziwe e walilwela eziphakeme kangaka, MIG-3. Lokhu ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla iye yasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi umehluko oyinhloko bungabonakala ukuthi kwakungase ukugibela bafinyelele endaweni engamamitha 12,000 amamitha. ngaleyo ndlela Izinga esefike ezingeni ngokwanele okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nale fighter pilot balwa ngempumelelo ne izindiza isitha.

Fighters Lavochkin kabani ukukhiqizwa iqondiswa

Ekhuluma ngesihloko ezifana izindiza kweMpi Yezwe II, kufanele kuphawulwe umfuziselo ebizwa ngokuthi LaGG-3. Lokhu fighter monoplane, owayesesimweni Air Force iRed Army. It wasetshenziselwa nge fighter isikhundla Interceptor, webhomu, kwesimo endaweni. Ukukhiqizwa wawuqala ngo-1941 kuya 1944. Abaklami kukhona Lavochkin, Gorbunov, Gudkov. Phakathi izimfanelo ezinhle kufanele ugcizelele khona izikhali ezinamandla, survivability okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa ubuncane izinto ezingavamile. Imibono main asisebenzisa ekudaleni zikaphayini fighter kanye ipulangwe.

zezindiza Military ubekade imodeli yayo khona La-5, ogama ukwakhiwa kwenzeke ngaphansi kobuholi Lavochkin. Lokhu fighter monoplane. I izici eziyinhloko kuba phambi isiqeshana eyodwa kuphela, ivaliwe gumbi, ohlakeni lokhuni futhi ziyafana iphiko spars. Ukukhiqizwa lokhu izindiza waqala ngo-1942. Ekuqaleni, njengoba izikhali yasetshenziswa kuphela othomathikhi 20-mm inganono e inani izingcezu ezimbili. Kits bona babekwa phambi ingxenye motor. Instrumentation kungekho ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene. Lalingekho ngisho idivayisi olulodwa gyro. Futhi uma siqhathanisa lokhu indiza izimoto zasemoyeni ukuthi ibisetshenziswa eJalimane, Melika noma eNgilandi, kungase kubonakale ukuthi kakhulu babo zisale ngemuva e matemu. Nokho, izici indiza babe ezingeni eliphezulu. Yonke enye into, umklamo elula, asikho isidingo sesondlo isikhathi, undemanding kwizimo ukusuka ensimini kwenza ekahle isibonelo nje ngaleso sikhathi asinikiwe. Ngonyaka owodwa, yasungulwa fighters angaba inkulungwane.

Umlando Aviation wase-USSR igcina ireferensi kanye imodeli ezifana La-7. Lena-isihlalo esisodwa monoplane fighter, ukwakhiwa okwenziwa Lavochkin. Indiza yokuqala enjalo wadedelwa ngo-1944. Emoyeni, wavuka ngo-February. Ngo-May, kwanqunywa ukuba uqale ukukhiqizwa yayo mass. Cishe bonke abashayeli bezindiza owaba Heroes kweSoviet Union, landizela La-7.

Imodeli okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa Polikarpov

Soviet izindiza zempi kuhlanganisa imodeli U-2 (PO-2). Lokhu biplane multi-purpose, okwaholela ekukhiqizweni Polikarpov ngo-1928. Injongo eyinhloko okuyiwona ukukhululwa kwe-izindiza zenzeka, kwaba ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza. Ngaye, kwathiwa libhekene handling izimfanelo ezinhle. Lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, imodeli ejwayelekile, kwanqunywa ukuba ushintshe emaphashini, ebusuku webhomu. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo kufinyelelwe 350 kg. Indiza wawenziwe e chungechunge kuze 1953. Kuyoze kube phakade ke wakwazi ukukhiqiza onobuhle angaba yizinkulungwane 33.

High-speed fighter

izindiza zempi WWII kufakwe umshini ezifana TU-2. Le modeli yaziwa ngaphansi amagama ANT-58 futhi Tu-103 2. Lokhu webhomu iwele-injini, okungase ukuthuthukisa ngesivinini sendiza. Kuyoze kube phakade ukwakhiwa yayo kwakhiwa onobuhle mayelana 2257. Idelakufa ahlomile kwaba kuze 1950.

tank Flying

Hhayi ezingadumile kakhulu izindiza ezifana IL-2. Ukuhlasela izindiza wayisa isidlaliso "humpbacked". Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo yakha fuselage. Abaklami ushayele le umshini ithangi flying. pilot German onobuhle zokuphumula ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ukhonkolo futhi aqinisa indiza webhomu ngenxa yamandla zako. Ukuhlasela izindiza Ilyushin ukukhiqizwa abathintekayo.

Yini esingayisho ngesimo zezindiza eJalimane?

izindiza German kweMpi Yezwe II wahlanganisa nalokho okwakufuneka imodeli ezifana "Messerschmitt Bf.109". Lokhu nizkoplan piston fighter. It lalisetshenziswa njenge-Interceptor, fighter, webhomu futhi kwesimo endaweni izindiza. Lona izindiza ethandwa kakhulu emlandweni seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili (33984 imodeli). Cishe zonke-pilot-German waqala fly kule indiza.

"Messerschmitt Bf.110" - fighter esindayo imvelo zamasu. Ngenxa yokuthi asikwazi ukusetshenziselwa inhloso yazo, imodeli ukuthi retrained e idelakufa. Indiza kabanzi emazweni ahlukahlukene. Yena nengxenye ekulweni e izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Luck ephelezelwa izindiza efanayo maqondana ukuzuma ukubukeka kwayo. Nokho, uma impi iqhinga raged, lokhu model cishe njalo elahlekile. Kule ndaba, endizeni enjalo likhishwa phambili ngo-1943.

"Messerschmitt Me.163" (Comet) - missile Interceptor. Okokuqala landizela ngo-1941 ekuqaleni September. Akunamphumelelo ekukhiqizweni. Ngo-1944, it wadedelwa ingqikithi 44 onobuhle. I sortie sokuqala senzeka kuphela ngo-1944. Zonke ngosizo lwabo izindiza 9 kuphela badutshulwe phansi ukulahlekelwa 11.

"Messerschmitt Me.210" - fighter esindayo, owasebenza njengomkhulumeli Bf.110 imodeli esikhundleni. indiza yakhe yokuqala eyenziwe ngo-1939. Ngo nomklamo walo, imodeli waba ukukhubazeka ezimbalwa, ngokuqondene okuyinto kuwufanele elwa hit kanzima ngokwanele. Zonke waphuma onobuhle mayelana 90. 320 izindiza kanye asiphothulwanga.

"Messerschmitt Me.262" - walilwela jet, okuyinto ngakhonza nanjengombonisi webhomu futhi kwesimo endaweni izindiza. wokuqala emhlabeni ekuphonsweni, okuyinto wathatha ingxenye ekulweni. Futhi, kungaba kubhekwe jet fighter kwezwe yokuqala. I izingalo eyinhloko babe 30 mm kwaqhuma zazo efakwe emhlabeni umnsalo. Kule ndaba lalilungiselelwe futhi basiletha umlilo esindayo.

British ezenziwe izindiza

"Hawker iSiphepho" - ukukhiqizwa-isihlalo esisodwa fighter British, eyakhululwa ngo-1939. Ukuze sonke isikhathi ukukhiqizwa waphuma onobuhle angaba yizinkulungwane 14. Mayelana umshini ukulungiswa ahlukahlukene lalisetshenziswa njenge-Interceptor, webhomu attack izindiza. Kwakukhona labo ukulungiswa okuyinto ziyabonisa futhi abathwali ukusuka izindiza. Phakathi Aces German le izindiza wabizwa ngokuthi "ibhakede nati." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwakunzima ngempela ukuphatha kanye Umqansa kancane.

"Supermarine Spitfire" - ukukhiqizwa ngumbhubhisi British, okuyinto has a motor kanye konke metal monoplane iphiko isebangeni ngokwanele ongaphakeme. I chassis kwalesi imodeli kwakunokwenzeka ukuhlanza. ukulungiswa abahlukahlukene uvumele ukusebenzisa imodeli empini, Interceptor, webhomu futhi ayohlola. Yathela izimoto ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 20. Ezinye zazo asetshenziselwa-yalolucwaningo 50. Ikakhulu esetshenziswa kuphela ekuqaleni kwempi.

"Hawker iSiphepho" - a webhomu olulodwa, ogama ukukhiqiza kwenziwa kuya ku-1945. On kwezikhali Yayinesikhwanyana kuze 1947. Lakhiwe ukuze ulisebenzise yokuma Interceptor. Kuyinto omunye fighters impumelelo. Nokho, lapho khona ezinye izinkinga, lapho ungase ukwazi khona ukukhetha izinga eliphansi enyuka. Uhambo lokuqala luzoba senzeka ngo-1940.

Japan Aviation

izindiza Japanese kweMpi Yezwe II kakhulu ikopishwe model of the izindiza, okuyinto ziye zasetshenziswa eJalimane. Inani elikhulu fighter Jets ukusekela amasosha emhlabathini in ukulwa. Futhi kwakusho emoyeni bokuphakama wendawo. Kaningana, izindiza ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili zazisetshenziselwa flying eChina. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwakungekho ekuhlaseleni amasu njengengxenye izindiza Japanese. Phakathi fighter main ungabahlukanisa: Nakajima Ki-27, Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa, Nakajima Ki-44 Shoki, Kawasaki Ki-45 Toryu, Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien. Japanese Air Force futhi wasebenzisa ezokuthutha, ezokuqeqesha, kwesimo endaweni izindiza. Ngo zezindiza, kwakukhona lapho indawo ngenjongo onobuhle ekhethekile.

fighters American

Yini ngaphezulu engase ishiwo ngesihloko ukuthi izindiza kweMpi Yezwe II? I-United States futhi akazange ame eceleni. BaseMelika ngezizathu ngempela kuyaqondakala, wafika impela kahle ekuthuthukiseni Navy futhi Air Force. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu lo ukuhlolisisa nendima yokuthi US ezenziwe izindiza babephakathi izici ezinamandla kakhulu, hhayi kuphela e izinombolo kodwa futhi. Ngu ekuqaleni imisebenzi yezempi ku arsenal US lalinabashumayeli onobuhle ezifana uCurtiss P-40 Warhawk. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lo mshini Esikhundleni P-51 Mustang, P-47 Thunderbolt, P-38 Lightning. Njengoba lisetshenziswe amasu onobuhle webhomu izindiza ezifana B-17 no-B-FlyingFortress 24 umkhululi. Ukuze bakwazi ukufeza esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa amasu ka Japan, e-United States imodeli esakhiwe ezindizeni iB-29 Superfortress.

isiphetho

Aviation eMpini Yezwe II baba nendima ebalulekile. Ngaphandle izindiza akubanga nhlobo empini. Nokho, akukho lutho babezizwe iqiniso lokuthi uthi abangu kukalwa hhayi kuphela ezweni kodwa futhi emoyeni. Ngakho, nokuyala umshayeli, kanye ukudalwa indiza entsha ezweni ngalinye ofanelekile nengxenye enkulu wemfanelo. Kulesi Ukubuyekeza siye sazama sicabangele izindlela zasemoyeni esetshenziswa (yimpumelelo hhayi) empini.