Ukubusa Ivan le Emibi

Phakathi nokubusa Ivana Groznogo, ungowokuqala Grand Duke, ukuze agcobe labo abakha ngokusemthethweni ngo-1547, yaqala ngo-1533. Ngo imithombo eminingi ungathola izici omubi isikhathi sokubusa kwakhe. Nokho, umlando ubonisa ukuthi inani elikhulu impumelelo Russian zangenkathi wokubusa John Vasilyevich 4.

Esikhundleni ezintathu eziyizintandane Prince Ivan ethathe ubukhosi ngunina - Elena Glinskaya. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, washona. Little John wakhulela umzabalazo ezibabayo kokubusa boyars ke omunye, khona-ke abanye athatha izintambo. Ngishintshe kanye yesonto Russian. Konke lokhu kubonakala uhlamvu yenkosi esizayo. Ngezinye eyishumi nesithupha, iNkosi ihlala esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan le Kubi esikhathini sokuqala futhi wathonywa kakhulu nangabanye ongcwele Metropolitan Macarius. "Ikhodi Yomthetho" ekhishwe kule nkathi we Zemsky Sobor. Ilungelo lokuzikhulumela kabusha ubulungiswa awanikeze ngamunye futhi isigwebo sokufa lasetshenziswa kuphela emva kokuba icala iye yabhekwa eNgophezukonke. Futhi, ngazuza kakhulu uhulumeni wendawo, uhlelo kokuqala kwamiswa imfundo isonto. Ukubusa Ivan le Kubi, futhi kwasho ukuqala umsebenzi wokunyathelisa.

Inkosi imise inceku Khanate ukukhathazeka ke Russia (Astrakhan neKazan), ukukhulula amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu-Russian ekuthunjweni. Ukunqoba ukuthi won 1560 phezu Order Livonian. ERussia baphinde edolobheni layo elidala Kolyvan, Yuryev nabanye. Ngeshwa, esikhathini wokubusa John Vasilyevich yesibili base futhi balahlekelwa yizo ngenxa kokunqotshwa empini ye. Lapho uMbusi uqalwe ukuthuthukiswa yeSiberia - ngo-1581-ke kwenziwa ukushaywa Ermak.

unkosikazi Anastasia ukufa (yena wadliswa ushevu ngo 1560), Metropolitan Macarius, ezintsha imizamo boyars nimelene nohulumeni washintsha ukuziphatha kuKesari. Ngalesi sikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan le Kubi libhekene izazi-mlando ngokuqhubekayo nonya nesihluku, esongelayo. Inkosi yaqala ukuqeda abasolwa futhi nochuku kuye.

Ngo 1564, ngo-Ephreli, Ivana Groznogo awuzange uthembeke akhe sizana abaseduze, umbusi uMbusi e Dorpat Andrei Kurbsky. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngempela ingxenye enkulu boyars besho Kurbsky. Isimo kuleli zwe ephoqeleka ukuba ashiye izindlela eMoscow Ivana Groznogo ekupheleni 1564, kwathi ngo-January ngonyaka ozayo ukumemezela ukwehla livela esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Nokho edlubulundayo Boyars amandla Muscovites ebuzwa inkosi ukubuyela. Februwari 2, emuva esihlalweni sobukhosi, John V 4, wabe vumela "oprichnina." Lokhu wamabutho akhethekile nge ukuphathwa ethize futhi insimu yona enegunya Cartel ngokumelene amambuka. Ezinye izindaba zika-isimo i-"zemshchina". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi oprichnina kwakungelona okudiliza kwamadoda asebukhosini, kodwa buthaka kakhulu kuye.

Ivana Groznogo wokubusa kwaphawulwa ukwanda okukhulu ngensimu wezwe. Phakathi nokubusa John Vasilyevich Russia ivume umbuso eSiberia, e-Astrakhan, Kazan laseNyakatho eCaucasus and Nagayya. LaseRussia aqala idlule izilinganiso endaweni enkulu yeYurophu.

Imiphumela wokubusa Ivana Groznogo Yiqiniso, bobabili emihle nemibi. imihlola Negative zibandakanya yathatha ukucindezela nobudlova ekuphathweni emaphakathi noma zendawo emandla akamoya, kanye ekuthatheni umhlaba noMbusi wababusi. Konke lokhu wayithukuthelisa izibhelu futhi aliziphikisi. Phakathi kwabantu lapho kuba nokuvukela lendawo, abantu benqaba ukwenza imisebenzi.

Ukubusa Ivan le Kubi kwaba isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isimo. Ngaphansi Johane 4 Vasileviche amadolobha amasha 300 ezakhiwa, 155 izinqaba, isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke selingaphezu 4.5 million. Abantu (2.5 mln. Abantu). Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi wokubusa Ivana Groznogo wayebuye ngomzamo ukudala Iqembu lokuqala eRussia.