Umlobi Yuri Nagibin: Biography, ukuphila siqu, imisebenzi abadumile

Nagibin Yuri Markovich, ogama biography uvezwa lokhu ephepheni - umlobi odumile futhi screenwriter. Iminyaka yokuhamba kwakhe - 1920-1994. Wazalwa eMoscow ngo-April 3, 1920. Kirill Aleksandrovich, uyise umbhali esizayo, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuzalwa George wadutshulwa - wahlanganyela iWhite Guard ukuvukela esifundazweni eKursk. Kirill Aleksandrovich kwadingeka "beshiyela" Ksenia Golikova, nomkakhe owayekhulelwe, umngane Mark Leventhal. Yena yokutholwa George, okuyinto kuphela eminyakeni kamuva ngafunda ukuthi ubani uyise wangempela. Ngokushesha Mark Leventhal futhi waboshwa (yena wadingiswa). usingababa sesibili Yuri Markovich baba uJacob Rykachev. Yena waba nguthisha wokuqala kwezincwadi umbhali esizayo, ngubani siphaphama ukunambitheka kwakhe ngenxa lokusungula ngamazwi.

Tadisha, neminyaka yempi

Nagibin ngo-1938 wathola iziqu esikoleni bese nezifundo zakhe e-Moscow Medical Institute. Wayengenaso isithakazelo uma udokotela, futhi wanquma ukuya VGIK ku scriptwriting ubuhlakani. Waphothula Institute, Nokho, akwenzekanga. Namabhayisikobho ekuqaleni empini waxoshelwa Alma-Ata, futhi Yuri Nagibin uyabhalwa. Wathunyelwa uMnyango uMnyango Political ngesikhathi Volkhov Front ekwindla 1941. izindaba wakhe wokuqala ezibhalelwe ngaphambi nje kwempi. Lokhu "Fault Double" (1940) kanye "uSotswebhu" (1941).

Ngo-1942, Yuri Markovich kwaba phezu Voronezh Front, kwaba "nomfundisi ofundisa-umbhali." Ngawo lowo nyaka ungeniswe Union yase-Soviet Abalobi. imisebenzi oluzoQapha Nagibina zazimi kanje: ukugcina umsakazo, ukukhululwa inkulumo-ze amapheshana, ukuhlaziya imibhalo isitha. Wayelethwa kabili kwalimala ngaphambili, futhi ngemva yokutakula esiqiwini ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Ngemva kwalokho Yuriy Nagibin wasebenza ephephandabeni "Trud" impi umlobeli. front-line yakhe nakho kubonakala izindaba, ngo-1943, yanyatheliswa encwadini ethi "The Man kusukela Front", ngo-1944 - "Amabutho amabili" futhi "Big Inhliziyo" futhi ngo-1948 - ". Okusanhlamvu wokuphila"

Ubungane Andrey Platonov

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-40 sika - zakuqala 50-yalolucwaningo Yuri Nagibin ube ngumngani Andrey Platonov (iminyaka yokuphila - 1899-1951). Njengoba kamuva wakhumbula ibhuku ngempilo yakhe ngenxa lonke inkathi izifundo zakhe etemibhalo Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi etching Platonov usingababa emabintana yakhe.

Nagibin iba ezaziwayo

Ngo-1950 ekuseni wafika udumo Nagibin kombhali. Abafundi uqaphela izindaba ezifana "Tube" (1952), "omiyane" futhi "Winter Oak" (kokubili ezibhaliwe ngo-1953), "Chetunov" (1954), "lezivakashi Ebusuku" (1955). A "Ukukhanya ewindini" futhi "Khazar nomhlobiso", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1956 e-"Literary eMoscow", ziye zabangela intukuthelo emaphephandabeni party (kanye "asizakale" A. Yashin). Kodwa ngemva konyaka "Library" Spark "Kwanyatheliswa izindaba ethathelwe okwangempela nomphakathi ukuze imithetho, futhi lwembhali" avuselelwe. "Yuri Kuvaldin kuqashelwe ukuthi Nagibin kwadingeka ukuba silinganisa njalo on the esengozini yenkolelo kanye ephikisayo.

Imijikelezo Esekela usebenza Nagibina

Iningi Rasskazov Yuriya Markovicha, elihlangene "cross-cutting" izinhlamvu, ifana ngento eyodwa nendlela ukulanda, wenze izihibe: lomlando omlando womuntu, ukuzingela, ezempi, umjikelezo travel izindaba, njll iminyaka eminingi Umbhali kubhekwe ngokuyinhloko njengoba umlobi nesazi, elifuna engxoxweni elula mayelana eziningi. .

umjikelezo lempi

Impi izindaba Nagibina imakwe ekutholeni indlela umbhali lomuntu. Muva nje, 11-volume, eqoqwe usebenza umbhali kuhlanganisiwe ngokuhle kunakho konke kwawo, phakathi okuyinto yilezi ezilandelayo: "Lo signalman vasilev" (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1942 okokuqala ephephandabeni "Red Star" ngokuthi "Line"), "Ngo Khortitsa", " umhumushi "(1945)," Vaganov "(1946). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto lempi yasetshenziselwa Yuriem Markovichem e izindaba ezilandelayo: 1957 "Indlela eya phambili," 1959 "Pavlik" futhi ngo-1964 "Kude empini." Ukuvezwa ubuqhawe sesosha elula nakwezempi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke liba ukujula okukhulu nengqondo, kukhona impumuzo kanye ubuhlakani e zezinkulumo izinhlamvu '. indaba "Pavlik" ivelele phakathi imisebenzi kulesi sihloko. uhlamvu Its main ngenxa kuyalinqoba nasekwesabeni ukufa.

"Hunter" uchungechunge

"Hunter" uchungechunge kwamiswa eyishumi - kusukela 1954 kuya ku-1964. Kuhlanganisa izindaba engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Abasikweleta yozalo namathafa omakhelwane Pleshcheeva echibini futhi Meshchery. Tales Yuriya Nagibina uhlangabezana nethonya ephawulekayo yeminyaka isiko classical ezincwadini, uya emuva "Imidwebo" by Turgenev. Ukulandisa kuzo ngendlela yokuba kukhulume. Lawa imisebenzi Yuriya Nagibina ngokuthi "Chase" futhi "lezivakashi Ebusuku" (1962), "Vele Ushadile" futhi "Meshcherskaya Side" (1964). Lapha Nagibin ukhonza umdwebi esihle zezwe ezingokwemvelo, futhi uvivinyo abalingisi endaweni yemvelo. Ngo ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu nemvelo njengoba ohlangothini kwemvelo, futhi zezenhlalo nesimilo.

Village indaba ephathwayo, iskripthi lokuqala ifilimu

Lezi izindaba sengilungisile izihloko nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya. Ngokuhamba waya ukuqapha futhi izinto lesibonwa Iminyaka yangemva kwempi, selokhu kwasekelwa Tindzaba ku ngokuhlanganyela ukuphila epulazini "Shintsha", "ezolimo Socialist", "Umsebenzi", "Iqiniso". Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona indaba "amakhasi Life Trubnikov" ngo-1962. It yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ngumbhalo ifilimu "uMongameli" umqondisa A. Saltykov ngo-1964. Le filimu laliyisenzakalo yangempela. Collision Imbewu Siluyanova futhi Yegor Trubnikov, abantu ngokweqile imibono yabo, yayifundwa ethile Ukungqubuzana amabili aphikisanayo inkolelo izinhlelo, izimiso zokuphila - individualistic futhi umphakathi.

yekuhlanganisa

Yuri Markovich lokusungula organically angena mkhuba nephrozi yasemakhaya, buthola umfutho kule minyaka 1950-1960. Nokho, ngokushesha ngemva sithombe sokuqala ngazama ukwenza impumelelo cinematic ka Yuri Nagibin. Ama-Movie ngu zimo yakhe waqala avele ngemva kwenye. ngokushesha Yuri Markovich ezihlongozwayo uhlaka isithombe esisha "Umqondisi". Umbhali kwabikwa kuyi isicelo ngqo ukuthi ukudalelwa ngesikhathi engena umndeni Ivana Lihacheva, omunye wabasunguli be-embonini yezimoto ezweni lethu, owayeyisikhulu sezokuphepha kanye itilosi wamavukelambuso, ngokhethiwe party. Yuri Nagibin washada indodakazi yakhe. Ngakho, indaba kwaba yisisekelo ukuphila nomalokazana Nagibina, nomkakhe kabani inoveli, okungukuthi, kanye nomamezala wakhe, uveze amaqiniso njengoba enjalo ukuchaza kamuva Yuri Nagibin.

Biography omlobi isithakazelo kwabaningi, ikakhulukazi ukuphila kwakhe siqu, okuyinto kufanele kuxoxiswane ngokwehlukile.

ukuphila Siqu Nagibina

Yuri Markovich wayeshadile izikhathi eziyisithupha. Omunye abafazi bakhe kwaba Bella Akhmadulina. Yuri Markovich ukuthi ngazo zonke wesifazane wajabula ngendlela yakhe. Ngamunye wabo kuletha into ekhethekile empilweni yakhe njengoba Yuri wavuma Nagibin. Unkosikazi Alla G., umhumushi - umfazi lokugcina umbhali - wahlala naye ngokokuqala eside kunazo zonke. Bajabula ndawonye ngoba cishe engu-25 edlule. Nagibin wabonisa uthando lwakhe ngaye ngendlela yothando inganekwane ngokuthi "Indaba frog blue", okuzoxoxwa kamuva.

umsebenzi waqhubeka iskripthi

Phakathi ukudalwa inguqulo yokuqala ifilimu okulahlekileyo "Umqondisi" evgeniy Urbansky, nomdlali odumile. Indlela yesibili, esingu ngemva kwekhefu elide, hhayi zikhunjulwe kakhulu. Noma kunjalo Nagibin baqhubeka ukudala imibhalo, inzuzo ngesikhathi. Akira Kurosawa, Japanese ifilimu umqondisi aziwa ayokwelashwa iskripthi uVladimir Arsenyev wenza ifilimu "Dersu Uzala", okuyinto waklonyeliswa "Oscar" (Nokho, wokuqondisa). Izimpahla Yuri Nagibin zonke kwaba imidwebo engaphezu kuka amathathu: "Ntombazane kanye Echo", "petticoat", "Tchaikovsky", "Iphansi zemininingwane", "Itende Red", "Riddle Kálmán" nabanye.

"Urban" imijikelezo

Umlobi Yuri Nagibin akunqunyelwe izindikimba ezimbonini kanye yasemakhaya. He qamba nemijikelezo ezisemadolobheni lapho sewenze izincwadi ezilandelayo: "amachibi Pure" (1962), "The Book of Ebuntwaneni" (iminyaka sokudalwa - 1968-1975), "ezizungezile ngokukhula kwami" (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1971). Yuri Nagibin lapha libhekisela umsuka kumiswa uhlamvu Serezhi Rakitina, a lyrical nesizukulwane sakhe iyonke.

Akukhona nje ngemuva, kodwa "iqhawe" lasendaweni umjikelezo luba idolobha eMoscow nge namasikwakhe nasendleleni yabo yokuphila. Ngo ezihlukahlukene izihloko lesibonwa athuthukiswe isihloko yenhloko-dolobha. Bakhandwa eqoqwe 1987 incwadi "eMoscow ... eziningi kanjani ukuthi umsindo." Lo muzi ecabange uthando lwakhe kuphela, nakuba Nagibin uhambo cishe umhlaba wonke, ngaphandle eNingizimu Melika. E-Moscow, wachitha cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe. Yuri Markovich kwaba connoisseur olukhulu emlandweni ndawo, imizila kanye ezitaladini yenhloko-dolobha. Kuyinto akukho ngozi incwadi yakhe yakamuva kwaba "Izinsimbi Vspoloshny" - umsebenzi anikezelwe edolobheni lakubo. Impumelelo Nagibina isebenza 60-70s ngokuvamile wachaza ubuqotho buviyoviyo zemvelo lyric confessional, ukuzwakala futhi adambise ilunga ocebile metaphoricalness engavamile isakhiwo onesigqi nge kuzithinta sokugcina, edingekayo ukuhlola umlando watshela nge iphuzu kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi umbono.

isihloko lokusungula

Ngo-1970 Yuri Nagibin edonsela isihloko lokusungula asendabeni zomlando, amasiko kanye wesimanje. Lokhu kubonakala uchungechunge mikroepopey kwezobuciko "Abangane Waphakade" (iminyaka sokudalwa - 1972-1979). Amaqhawe abo abe Lermontoff, Pushkin avvakum, Chaikovskii, Tjutchev, Ann, Rahmaninov et al. La mahlamvu awabi maningi kuhluke ikakhulukazi yasekuqaleni. Njengoba avuma ngumlobi yena, awusebenzi usondele, futhi kuphela wacasulwa umsebenzi ulwazi oluphelele into. indiza Creative kwenzeka uma ifakiwe imemori ebugqilini amaqiniso ukuthi izibopho ukhexile. Ukuze kabusha a "landscape ongokomoya", kwakudingekile ngowokuqala indawo ukuthembela "pervovideniya" imizwa futhi "Memory umbono". Yingakho bemangalelwa-copyright nangobudlova futhi subjectivism.

Uthando emisebenzini Nagibina

Phakathi lokusungula esimeme Nagibina, ziyahlukahluka ngezindlela abahlukene ngezikhathi ezehlukene - uthando ahlukahlukene futhi ephapheme, kanye drama injabulo elahlekile noma ukukhungatheka. Ingabe Nagibin wabhala inganekwane noma into enengqondo ubuhlobo phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane futhi base bethole indlela sasivumela esitebeleni lezinhlamvu: uhlala abangakwazi ukuzivikela nabalimala kalula, futhi sizinze kakhulu futhi enamandla emhlabeni. In the 1980 ekuseni, ukukhanya, ne nostalgic Motifs temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba washintsha nakakhulu futhi baqonde izinto ezenzekayo, amaphaphu okudabukisayo ukuthi ukuthambekela kwehliswa kwelizinga yezenhlalakahle nefilosofi. ukubhinqa wakhe nge farce futhi ukubayisigebengu, futhi efika njengompristi Ukwanelisa inkanuko ukumangala. "Izindaba frog blue" kuyinto isivumo "Ukhala nge inkumbulo yomuntu kanye ukulangazela," okuyinto esehlale kusukela yokuphila yangaphambili. Futhi ozithandayo lakhe posthuman kokuba yaphenduka inyamazane ngomusa. New temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Nagibina umhlaziyi fela for "yokuntuleka ngokuqiniseka zokuziphatha."

imisebenzi kwakamuva

"Blue Frog" e zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina hhayi futhi isikhumba sakhe, kodwa wazidela ngaphandle. Umbhali samoobnazheniem sekukhomba olungenayo self-ngokumthanda jester, wabonisa emakhasini imfihlo iningi yomlando wakhe siqu. Wanquma kabusha umlando ukuphila kukayise kanye nobuhlobo bakhe lowo muntu ( "Sukuma uhambe ', 1987), lapho Ukhumbulile umusa wakhe kuqala umsebenzi 1994" Daphnis futhi Chloe ... ". Ngawo lowo nyaka wachaza uthando lwakhe lithandana unina ethi "umama wakwakhe wami wegolide", kanye indaba kwesokunxele itestamente, enesihloko esithi "Ngibambeni ekupheleni emhubheni", kuyinto silahle ithemba kakhulu. "Diary" ngo-1995, ngemva kokushona kwakhe, ugcwele ukwethembeka okukhulu kanye nokuhlola ukungabandlululwa kwawo imvelo umbhali.

ukufa Nagibina

Juni 17, 1994 Nagibin Yuriy Markovich washona ngo eMoscow. Umlando wakhe futhi manje of interest eziningi. Popular phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sethu lichubeke lijabulela kuba ke zokugcina yemisebenzi yakhe. ngezikhathi ezithile Abagxeki ukuwela izinkemba, ukuxoxa amabhuku Yuri Nagibin. Ngo "nagibinoborchestve" babebhekwa, isibonelo, u-Alexander uSolzhenitsyn futhi Viktor Toporov.