Dante Alighieri: Biography, izinsuku zokuphila, lokusungula

Udumo Emhlabeni wonke yigama odumile Dante Alighieri Italy. Imibhalo esuka ku imisebenzi yakhe ingazwiwa ezihlukahlukene ngezilimi, njengophawu lokuthi indalo yakhe cishe umhlaba wonke. Basuke ezifundwa abantu zahunyushelwa ezilimini ezahlukene, wafunda ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ngo inqwaba amazwe aseYurophu zikhona imiphakathi ukuthi ehlelekile ukuqoqa, liphenye futhi basakaza ulwazi mayelana ifa lakhe. Nemigubho ukuphila Dante esinye sezenzakalo ngobukhulu emasiko ukuphila kwesintu.

Ngena ukungafi

Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho imbongi omkhulu wazalwa, isintu balindele izinguquko ezinkulu. Kwakuwusuku bangaphambi grand nezinxushunxushu zomlando ukuthi Sakushintsha ubuso umphakathi European. Izwe ephakathi, ukucindezelwa amakhosi asendulo, isiphithiphithi nokungezwani kwesokunxele esikhathini esidlule. Kuyinto ukuvela emphakathini mahhala abakhiqizi. Kufika isikhathi kwamandla nokuchuma isizwe uthi.

Ngakho-ke, Dante Alighieri (le nkondlo ihunyushwa ngezilimi ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba) - akuyona nje imbongi lokugcina Ephakathi, kodwa futhi umbhali wokuqala ezikhathini zanamuhla. Yena uphokophele uhlu ehlanganisa amagama Titans Renaissance. Waqale aqala ukulwa nodlame, ubudlova, obscurantism zomhlaba ephakathi. Wabuye wayephakathi kwalabo abashonelwa lokuqala wavusa banner zobuntu. Lokhu kwaba isinyathelo ekungafini yakhe.

Ngakho-ke abancane

Indlela yokuphila Dante Aligeri, yomlando wakhe eduze kakhulu ezihlobene lezo zenzakalo, eyayibonakala libhekene ukuphila zezenhlalo nezombusazwe Italy ngaleso sikhathi. Wazalwa emndenini Florentines zabomdabu Meyi 1265. Babempofu hhayi yizicukuthwane kakhulu clan amakhosi asendulo.

Uyise wasebenza Florentine yasebhange ngokuqinile ummeli. Washona ekuqaleni kuka kakhulu, ngisho izinsuku zobusha bakhe, kamuva waba yindodana abadumile.

Iqiniso lokuthi inkanuko zezombusazwe babegijima okusezingeni eliphezulu kuleli zwe, ngaphakathi kwezindonga edolobheni lakubo njalo kwakukhona izimpi olunegazi, ukunqoba i-Florentine kuphumelele ukunqotshwa, ayikwazanga akuqaphela imbongi abasha. Wayengumuntu ingqapheli Ghibelline nciphisa kwamandla, ilungelo izibonelelo kanye ukuhlanganisa pololanskoy Florence.

Ukuqeqeshwa senzeka ngo izindonga Dante sika medieval wesikole ovamile. I bhungu lakhulela curious kakhulu, ngakho ngokwanele iyindlala, isikole elinganiselwe. Yena njalo bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo bebodwa. umfana waqala isithakazelo ekuqaleni kakhulu izincwadi nezobuciko, ukugxila ubuciko, umculo kanye izinkondlo.

Qala we ukuphila kwezincwadi imbongi

Kodwa ukuphila Dante sika etemibhalo iqala ngesikhathi izincwadi, ubuciko, yezandla ngokuhaha pilis ayo ukuthula civil. Konke phambi engakwazanga alibonise ngokugcwele ukuba khona nihewule, uqhume. Ngaleso sikhathi, entsha amafomu yobuciko yaqala ukubonakala like amakhowe ibhokisi imvula.

Ngokokuqala ngqá, njengoba imbongi Dante wazama yena ayezidinga lapho kwesiyingi "isitayela esisha". Kepha nangalezo kusenesikhathi, zinkondlo, awanakuziziba khona imizwa surf okunobudlova waphula izithombe lesi sitayela.

Ngo 1293 kukhona kunyatheliswa incwadi yokuqala imbongi ngokuthi "New Life". Kulesi iqoqo izinkondlo amathathu, ombhalo wawo kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni 1281-1292. Babenenala temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ehlaziya olubanzi agcwele uhlamvu ngokuphila kwakhe futhi zefilosofi futhi ngenxa yobuhle.

Amavesi yaleli qoqo lokuqala kutjelwa umlando uthando imbongi sika. Into simthande zakhe zaba Beatrice Portinari ngalezo zinsuku, lapho lo mfana ngokulambisa iminyaka 9 ubudala. Lolu thando ukuba uhlale zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe. Kakhulu akuvamile ke kubonakala ngesimo ezingavamile ithuba ozithola, amazwibela ethandekayo, neminsalo wakhe runaway. Futhi emva 1290, lapho ukufa wathatha Beatrice, uthando imbongi iba nhlekelele yakhe siqu.

nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe okusebenzayo

Ngenxa 'New Life "igama Dante Alighieri, ogama biography Kuyathakazelisa ngokulinganayo nezinezinhlekelele, waziwa. Ngaphezu imbongi abanamakhono, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye isazi esivelele, bese kuthi omunye wabantu abafundile kakhulu e-Italy. Ububanzi izithakazelo zakhe kwaba ngokungavamile enkulu ngaleso sikhathi. Watadisha umlando, kumafilosofi, ekukhulumeni, imfundiso yenkolo, ukufunda izinkanyezi, geography. Wayephinde azinake ekhethekile ohlelweni wefilosofi Eastern, izimfundiso Avicenna futhi Averroes. ukunakwa wakhe ayikwazanga ukubaleka izimbongi lasendulo ongqondongqondo - Plato uSeneca, Virgil, Ovid, Juvenal. Ngokukhethekile izokhokhwa okudaliwe yabo Yenguquko abaphika.

Dante njalo okhethwe Florentine isigodi kule izikhundla zokuhlonipha. Wenza wemfanelo kakhulu umsebenzi zamanxusa. Ngo 1300 Dante Alighieri wakhethwa ekomidini, eyayihlanganisa priors eziyisithupha. abameleli balo wabusa edolobheni.

Kusukela sokuphela

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ukuqiniswa entsha yezimpi zombango. Khona-ke maphakathi ukuphakama umbango baba ekamu Guelph uqobo. Waphula ku "amhlophe" futhi "black" iqembu, alwayo kakhulu.

Ukuzifihla Dante Aligeri phakathi Guelph kwadingeka umbala omhlophe. Ngo 1301, ngokusekelwa upapa Guelphs "abamnyama" wathatha amandla phezu Florence kanye okwalapha ngokuhlaziya phansi izitha zabo. Bathunyelwa ekudingisweni futhi abulawe. Kuphela ukungabi khona Dante e yakhe ke ukulondolozwa esijezisweni. Wagwetshwa engekho ekufeni. ezilinde yakhe evuthayo ngokushesha ngemva kokufika kwabakhi phansi i-Florentine.

I kwenkathi ethile edingiselwe ezweni lakubo

Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunebandla ukuwohloka edabukisayo ekuphileni imbongi sika. Kwesobunxele ngaphandle sesabelo, waphoqwa ukuba azulazule kwamanye amadolobha e-Italy. Okwesikhathi esithile Yanikwa ngisho ngaphandle kwezwe, Paris. It yayijabulela ukubona abaningi Palazzo, kodwa akazange imisiwe. Waba nomuzwa eziningi ubuhlungu kusukela ukulimala, futhi ekhaya kakhulu Florence nezikhulu izihambi okwabonakala kuye ezilulazayo futhi udelela.

I kwenkathi ethile edingiselwe kusukela Florence kwaba nokuvuthwa okungokomoya ka Dante Alighieri, ogama Biography futhi kuze kube yileso sikhathi wayenothile kakhulu. Phakathi Ukuzula phambi kwamehlo akhe bekulokhu ngokuxabana kwabo. Akukhona nje izwe lakubo kuphela, kodwa lonke izwe is ziqondakala njengomngani "zizalela emhlabathini samanga kanye nokukhathazeka. ' Wayengumuntu nxazonke sizungezwe feuds engapheli phakathi lizisho, ukuxabana abanolaka phakathi kwemibuso, acebe izingobe, amabutho akwelinye izwe, wanyathelwa izingadi, zomvini ezonakala, sikhathele siyingcuba, abantu yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba.

Izwe sekuqalile igagasi imibhikisho ethandwa. Ukuvela imibono emisha, umzabalazo wabantu ukuyithukuthelisa ingqondo Awakening Dante, bemncenga ukufuna zonke izindlela aphume isimo.

Nokuvuthwa of genius siyakhazimula

Ngesikhathi nokuzula, ukuswela, kuveza lusizi ku isiphetho Italy ubuhlakani oluvuthiwe uDante. Esakhuluma njengoba imbongi, isazi sefilosofi kanye nezombusazwe isishoshovu, intatheli kanye nososayensi ucwaningo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo it lalotshwa Dante Aligeri "Divine Comedy", okuyinto wamletha emhlabeni wonke udumo ongafi.

Umqondo ngokubhala le ucezu uvele ekuqaleni kakhulu. Kodwa ukuze udale, udinga ukuhlala lonke wokuphila kwabantu, lugcwele imihelo, ukulwa, ebusuku, umsebenzi esiqedayo.

Ngaphandle "Comedy" ezinye imisebenzi Dante Alighieri (sonety, inkondlo). Ikakhulu, i-indatshana "Idili" libhekisela eminyakeni yokuqala ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Yalimaza hhayi kuphela zenkolo kodwa ifilosofi, imithetho yokuziphatha, ukufunda izinkanyezi, ifilosofi yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Idili" yabhalwa ngesikhathi ulimi kazwelonke Italy, okuyinto eyayingavamile ngaleso sikhathi. Ngoba ngaleso sikhathi cishe wonke umsebenzi ososayensi eziye zanyatheliswa komagazini Latin.

In parallel umsebenzi indatshana e 1306 ngabona wonke futhi umsebenzi ngokolimi esithi "Kuyi-ngobugagu kazwelonke." Lena isifundo sokuqala yesayensi European Romance Linguistics.

Zombili lezi imisebenzi ngihlalé sidle, njengoba ezintsha eqondisa imicabango Dante ohlangothini ukuhluka.

amaphupho Kungagcwaliseki yokubuyela ezweni lawo

Dante Alighieri, ogama biography is besikhathi abaningi eyaziwa, ukucabanga njalo mayelana nokubuyisa. Ezinsukwini, izinyanga neminyaka, lapho ngokuzikhandla baphikelele ngiphupha ngalolu. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi umsebenzi "Comedy", ngenkathi kudalwa isithombe sakhe ongafi. Ukuthi wayenabangane inkulumo-Florentine, bawubuyisela endaweni ehlelembekile zezombusazwe kazwelonke. Wayekholelwa yokuthi kuba ngokusebenzisa indalo yakhe ekhaliphile asankondlo lapho uzokwazi ukubuyela ezweni lakubo. Ukulindela, amathemba kanye nemibono ukubuya ngakho wamnika amandla ayewadinga ukuze ugcwalise lesi feat titanic.

Akubangakho ezimiselwe ukubuyela. Ngiqeda ukubhala inkondlo yakhe naye Ravenna, lapho amandla umuzi, unikwe ukukhoseliswa. Ehlobo lika-1321 ukudalwa Dante Aligeri "Divine Comedy" waphela, futhi ngo-September 14 ngawo lowo nyaka, idolobha wangcwatshwa buchopho.

Ukufa yokukholwa iphupho

Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe lo mbhali wezinkondlo wayekholelwa ngokuthula ezweni lakubo. Ukuthunywa ayephila kuzo. Ngenxa yakhe, waya Venice, okuyinto yayilungiselela ukuhlaselwa amasosha ku Ravenna. Dante wayefuna ngempela ukukholisa abaholi Adriatic republic ukuthi kumelwe balahle empini.

Kodwa lolu hambo hhayi kuphela akazange ulethe imiphumela oyifunayo, kodwa futhi baba inhlekelele imbongi. Esebuyela, kwakukhona ichibi endaweni exhaphozini lapho "owakhiwe" yayiyisiqalekiso izindawo ezinjalo - umalaleveva. Ukuthi ombangela ekubhujisweni izinsuku ezimbalwa zamabutho imbongi, nicked, umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Yaphela kanjalo-ke impilo Dante Aligeri.

Kwaba ngemva ezimbalwa ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka kwenziwa Florence ayazi kahle ukuthi ungubani kwalahleka lapho sibhekene uDante. Uhulumeni wayefuna pick up izinsalela imbongi kusukela ensimini ka Ravenna. Isidumbu sayo kuze kube namuhla ikude lakubo, okuyinto wawala futhi wagwetshelwa, kodwa yena uyindodana abazinikele kakhulu.