Call izitho okuzala, okuyinto ukuthuthukisa ... izitho okuzala izitshalo

Isakhiwo isitho zalesi sihlahla ngasinye kungenxa nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi ethile. Futhi ngamunye wabo wenza indima, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubo.

Uyini umzimba

Umzimba yiyona ingxenye yomzimba, okuyinto has a isakhiwo esiqondile, usesikhundleni ezithile, futhi yenza imisebenzi ethile. Kufanele akhathazeke izinhlobo eziningana kwezicubu. Ngokwesibonelo, inhliziyo yakhiwa muscle zezinzwa futhi ishidi - kusukela isembozo, kanye conductive core.

Vegetative futhi izitho okuzala izitshalo

Kuye nemisebenzi eyenziwa futhi kukhona ngezigaba esiqondile lezi zitho umzimba isitshalo. Ngakho ngokuthi izitho okuzala, ezikhula amaseli enzalo - gametes. Ziyakwazi zesifazane (amaqanda) kanye owesilisa (isidoda). Lesi sakamuva zihluke isidoda ukuthi akakwazi ukuhambisa ngokuzimela. Ukuvundisa, bona isidingo emoyeni noma emanzini.

izitho okuzala enze ngokobulili ukukhiqizwa kabusha umsebenzi. Vegetative, ezibandakanya impande bese adubule, ahlinzeke ukukhula, umsoco wezinto ezingaphili futhi izinto eziphilayo.

Escape kanye ukuhlela kabusha yayo

Okungenhla-phansi ingxenye isitshalo okuthiwa yini indlela yokuphunyula. Okokuqala, it is emelelwa eksisi - stem. Kuphendula ehlukahlukene ifomu: ngilimise, ezinwabuzelayo, kukhwela, ninamathele ... amahlamvu-eksisi enamathiselwe. Ukuze enze imisebenzi eyengeziwe, ezifana nokulondolozwa amanzi, ukuvikeleka, esiphelweni vegetative, abanye amahlumela izitshalo zingaguqulwa. Izibonelo izakhiwo ezinjalo ziyathandeka esigaxeni iris, garlic isibani, tuber eJerusalema artichoke emeveni noma spikes.

Vegetative futhi izitho okuzala imisebenzi yabo ngendlela Ngohlelo enobungane. Phela, sokuthuthukisa imbewu izithelo yokuvuthwa izakhi ezidingekayo ukuthi photosynthesize e amaqabunga bathele izimpande emhlabathini.

impande

Lokhu umzimba komhlaba ngokuphephile ophethe isitshalo futhi unesibopho umsoco amaminerali. Amanzi, okuyinto phakathi izinhlayiya inhlabathi yakhiwa ion of izinsimbi kanye anions. Ziyakwazi imfuneko ukukhula ephilayo isitshalo. Lezi izinto lendwangu conductive kufika - ohlangeni namaqabunga. Lokhu ezinyakazayo libizwa wamanje liphuma. Kodwa i-glucose, kwakheka okuyinto emaqabungeni, ihamba phezulu. Lokhu zamanje ubizwa ngokuthi phansi.

Underground Authority uzoba ukulungiswa. Ngakho, umnyombo wokuthanda isanqante and asparagus klubnekoren agcine izinto ezidingekayo. Slinging ivy uyivumele ikhule ize surface mpo ngokuphelele, futhi zokuphefumula orchid izimpande bayakwazi ukuncela umswakama kusukela emoyeni.

izitho okuzala zezimbali

Sekuyisikhathi eside izimbali bhá futhi zizinhle kube imihlobiso ozithandayo kanye nezipho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngaphandle ukukhanga okubonakalayo inqubo yenziwa a ukuzala izitshalo. izitho okuzala zezitshalo futhi imbewu. Ziqukethe wumbungu, okuwukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi liphenduka esimila omdala.

Njengoba ngokuthi izitho okuzala, okuyinto ayakhula germ cells, isithelo naye ungowasendaweni kuleli qembu. Nguye ivikela imbewu imithelela yezimo ezimbi, umehluko lokushisa kunomthelela ukusatshalaliswa yabo.

imbali

izitho okuzala avele kwegama ofanayo nezinso. Ukuthuthukiswa Its iqala entwasahlobo, lapho isikhathi amahora emini kwandisa kakhulu. Futhi izimbali avele nangaphambi kokuhluma kwamaqabunga.

izitho okuzala imbali, noma kunalokho ingxenye yayo, owethulwe pestle kanye stamens. Ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ngokulandelana gametes owesilisa nowesifazane. amacembe Bright nesigcino okuthiwa halo, kudingeka izinambuzane ukuthi afeze inqubo impova. Lower, ingxenye enwetshiwe imbali - the ayesisebenzisa. Kuye unamathisele carpels. Sabo iqoqo libizwa inkomishi.

Izimbali ngempela ahlukahlukene isakhiwo izici, okuyinto kuxhomeke izici impova. Uma kwenziwa ngumoya, bavame awunawo perianth - Corolla futhi Calyx. Noma lincane kakhulu. Le idivayisi ekhethekile, okuyinto ihlose wasithatha impova. Futhi izimbali ngokwabo mancane, ukucasha, ngaphandle iphunga nompe ukunambitheka. impova yazo ungukukhanya, okuxekethile, e eziningi ithuthukiswe umoya. Izimbali eqoqwe inflorescences eside zithonye kulowo moya.

Uma impova kwenziwa izinambuzane ukuheha kubo, kunalokho, sidinga ezinemibala egqamile, inflorescences esikhulu ukunambitheka entailing.

Ngenxa yalokho, izithelo ukuqhakaza akhiwa. Basuke kuhlukaniswe ngenani imbewu kanye pericarp isakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-apula polyspermous kanye namanzi, kanye ziyadliwa - ezomile futhi seeded. Uhlobo ngalunye has a kudivayisi ethile fetus for ekusakazeni imbewu. umlotha Lionfish ne-maple eyalo umoya, ekwindla kanye gxuma imbewu kwesihlahla se-okhi onsundu. Ngosizo izilwane ukusakaza izithelo esihlwabusayo kanye namanzi.

Uyini kokukhulelwa double

Ukuvundisa - yinqubo okwakuwukuhlanganiswa gametes. Isici yale nqubo e eziqhakazayo (angiosperms) isitshalo ukuthi landulelwa impova - ukudluliselwa impova evela engxenyeni anther ukuze inhlamba of the stamens pistil. Kungaba ngokwemvelo - umoya noma izinambuzane - noma indoda - ngosizo indoda.

Uma ku inhlamba of the pistil, amabili isidoda ngokusebenzisa lwegciwane tube ngihlaliswa enwetshiwe ingxenye yalo ephansi - esibelethweni. Omunye wabo ivundisa iqanda. Waba yini umphumela walesi nqubo umbungu. It has zonke izici i umzimba omdala, futhi siqukethe impande embryonic, plumule, ekunqandeni kanye leaf.

Isidoda yesibili ivundisa emaphakathi lwegciwane cell, futhi kukhona izakhi ezisele - endosperm. It izungeza umbungu kanye nalo yakha imbewu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, ke germinates.

Imbewu kanye oyiyo

Call izitho okuzala lapho gametes achazwayo, futhi imbewu kuwumphumela nokuhlanganiswa gametes. Ngakho-ke, naye ungowasendaweni kuleli qembu. Vegetative futhi izitho okuzala izitshalo akhiwa ngenxa yale mpatho.

Izici of isakhiwo yenzalo ka zonke izitshalo zom ehlangana baba izigaba ezimbili: monocots futhi dicots. Ngena ngemvume, okuyinto isisekelo sale ngezigaba, - isibalo cotyledons e nombungu imbewu. Ukuze monocots kukhona wonke amalungu omndeni okusanhlamvu kanye no-anyanisi. Iqembu lesibili baningi. It Rosaceae, Solanaceae, okusabhontshisi, cruciferous, nezinye bitmap. Ngaphezu isakhiwo yenzalo ka kula makilasi zingafani Ukwakheka kohlelo impande, leaf uhlobo, khona ecaleni lendwangu wokufundisa eziphilayo.

kwemvelo endleleni

Akubona bonke izitshalo ezinezinhlamvu. Kakhulu bakudala - ulwelwe - bayakwazi ifomu kuphela izingxabano - amaseli we asexual ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Ngo spore ephakeme e zokuqhubeka kwempilo kukhona alternation izizukulwane. ngokobulili ukukhiqizwa kabusha amangqamuzana izitho ekhethekile - gametangia. Lesi sitshalo ababebeka zitholakala, futhi kukhona isizukulwane ngokobulili. ngazimbili Ukuhlanganisa, akha zygote - iqanda eselivundisiwe. Kusukela bakhula sporophyte - isizukulwane asexual, ukwakha ezinhlamvu owumphumela. Futhi ngakho-ke iyaphindwa kulo lonke isikhathi sokuphila kwayo.

Ngokusekelwe yokuthi izitho okuzala ibizwa ngokuthi, lapho gametes asathuthuka gymnosperms zokwakheka zinjalo uhlevane. Futhi amadoda liqukethe impova, futhi insikazi - iqanda. Lokhu Isigaxa okungukuthi i-ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano imbewu. Lapho yinhlama sesivuthiwe, yembulwe. Ngo izitshalo ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele ngokuvamile kwenzeka ebusika. Imbewu iwe ngqo iqhwa ithuba ziqhume kubo hhayi okungaka.

Ngenye indlela, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-angiosperms (nezitshalo eziqhakazayo). Inqubo sokukhulelwa senzeka banayo e imbali, okuyinto kwakhiwa imbewu kanye pericarp. It ukhonza njengelungu isivikelo futhi umthombo wamandla ngekusasa umzimba omdala. Lona uhlelo eziphambili kakhulu okwamanje ekhona ngokwemvelo. Yingakho amalungu aleli qembu elithi izitshalo baningi kakhulu.

Ngakho, izitho okuzala izitshalo kukhona imbali, nezithelo imbewu. Umbala wawo kubaluleke kakhulu kakhulu. Ngempela, sibonga ikhono ngokobulili ukukhiqizwa kabusha eziphilayo ukuthola izici ezintsha ezibasiza ukuzivumelanisa, oshintshashintsha izimo ezintsha kwemvelo.