Amazwe Arab. Palestine, Jordan, Iraq

Izwe lwanamuhla kunemibandela ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana, libhekene ezinye izici. amasiko aseNtshonalanga Kapa kanye naseMpumalanga, abantu baseYurophu abathuthela kule Arabhu khona baneHholo geopolitical "thweni." Namuhla, igama elithi "amazwe Arab" libhekisela isimo, iningi labantu abakhuluma isi-Arabhu.

United Arab States

22 amazwe ezifana baye bahlanganyela ngobunye inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe - League of Arab States. Le ndawo Imininingwane insimu ehlala abantu abakhuluma ngesi-Arabhu, imayelana million 13 km ^2. Lokhu kumiswa itholakala eslphambanweni emazwekazini amathathu - I-Asia, e-Afrika naseYurophu. Ngakho, emazweni Arab zimelela cishe geocultural isikhala amabanga kusuka Gulf kuya Atlantic Ocean, ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi izimpande Arabhu.

izici kwezilimi namasiko

The main isici constitutive kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe Arab ulimi kanye namasiko lakhula isisekelo salo. Namuhla, esisokayo ivuliwe futhi wadalula ukuthi abanye, ezifana Indian,-Mongolian, Andalusia. Nokho, iningi kakhulu ukuthonywa amasiko aseNtshonalanga.

inkolo

Emphakathini Arab inkolo efana Islam, wenza indima ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, it esihlanganisa Arabhu ukuphila komphakathi nezombusazwe, futhi ngakolunye - kuyimbangela yokungezwani futhi izingxabano ngisho ahlomile phakathi Abasekeli imisinga ezahlukene ngaphakathi. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi amazwe Arab kanye Muslim akuzona imiqondo ezifanayo. Kukhona akuzona zonke-Arabhu sithi kuthiwa Muslim, abanye kanyekanye Bahlala izinkolo eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi emazweni Muslim yilezo lapho iningi lezakhamizi akuzona Arabhu.

Islam - isici esinamandla kwamasiko, ngenxa okuyinto, kanye nolimi, kukhona nobunye Arabhiya, kodwa futhi kungaba bahlukanise futhi zisenza sibe ezimpini ezichitha igazi.

amazwe Arab

Sekukonke kukhona 23 amazwe Arab, uhlu okuyinto abekwe ngezansi:

• I-Republic of Djibouti;
• Republic of Algeria;
• UMbuso Bahrain;
• Kingdom lonke laseJordani;
• Arab Republic eGibhithe;
• Republic of Yemen;
• I-Republic of Iraq;
• Republic Lebanese;
• Union of the Comoros;
• State of Kuwait;
• Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Qatar;
• Syrian Arab Republic;
• Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe Libya;
• Islamic Republic of Mauritania;
• UMbuso Morocco;
• United Arab Emirates (UAE) ;
• Oman;
• Saudi Arabia;
• I-Republic of South Sudan;
• I-Federal Republic of Somalia;
• Republic of Tunisia;
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara);
• esifundeni Autonomous of Palestine.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke amazwe Arab, uhlu olubonakaliswa, nezinye izifundazwe baziwa. Ngakho, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic akalona ilungu eNhlangano Arab States (LAS), ngokomthetho emazweni amahlanu kuphela. Iziphathimandla Moroccan ukulawula kakhulu insimu yalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo Palestine, ilungu Arab League, 129 neyaziwayo uthi. Kuleli zwe, amabili ungenalo izindawo umngcele ezivamile: eGaza Strip kanye West Bank.

amazwe Arab ngokwendawo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu amakhulu:

- Afrika (Maghreb);

- gum;

- Eastern LwaseMedithera.

Ukuhlola kafushane ngamunye wabo.

Arab amazwe ase-Afrika, noma Maghreb

Ngomqondo esiqinile we Maghreb (eNtshonalanga) yiwona States kuphela kuto entshonalanga Egypt. Nokho, namuhla ngokuvamile ngokuthi njengoba wonke eNyakatho Afrika emazweni Arab, ezifana Mauritania, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia Algeria. IGibhithe ngokwalo liyisikhungo, inhliziyo Arabhiya kuyingxenye Elikhulu magribinskoj arc. Ngaphandle kwakhe, sifaka amazwe ezifana Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, Libya futhi Western Sahara.

Amazwe yeNhlonhlo Arabhiya

Enhlonhlweni ngobukhulu emhlabeni kuyinto Arabian. On kuyingxenye enkulu emazweni uwoyela. Ngokwesibonelo, UAE (United Arab Emirates), eyakhiwa uthi ezimele eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ivuliwe insimu yalo ezinye amazwe ngokuya umkhiqizo kawoyela, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, emazweni elisendaweni eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya, uvele kuphela njengoba transshipment futhi amaphuzu eziphakathi on yemizila yohwebo okuholela Iraq ne-Iran. Namuhla, ngenxa ukuvula phakathi kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, nenqwaba uwoyela, ngamunye amazwe Arab esifundeni Arabian has isisindo ayo abalulekile zezombusazwe, zamasu kanye nezomnotho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe Gulf, isikhungo esingokomlando ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka yamaSulumane, kusukela lapho-ke lasakazekela nakwamanye izifunda.

Amazwe empumalanga yeMedithera

Ukuze East Mediterranean esifundeni Asian, ebizwa ngokuthi Mashriq, kuhlanganisa amazwe ezifana Arab East, njengoba Republic of Iraq, uMbuso Jordan, Syria, Libya, futhi kuphela isimo Palestine ukuzimela. Mashriq - lokhu njengoba kusaqhuba ku forties ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli eyaluzayo kakhulu, cishe njalo ezilwayo indawo ye-Arabhiya. Kulo lonke ikhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili kwenzeke lapha unomphela izimpi Arab-Israeli kanye nokungqubuzana. Ake eminye imininingwane kula mazwe aseMpumalanga Mediterranean, Iraq, Jordan nasePalestina.

I-Republic of Iraq

Leli zwe Arab ise nezigodi Ewufrathe and ITigrisi emfuleni, ethafeni yaseMesophothamiya, futhi ubizwa wageza emanzini mpumalanga ePersian Gulf. It elisemngceleni lizwe nge Kuwait, Iran, Turkey, Syria, Saudi Arabia naseJordani. Enyakatho-mpumalanga e-Iraq elise-Armenian kanye izinkalo Iranian, izimpawu umsebenzi okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuzamazama komhlaba.

Izwe Iraq, okuyinto iyinhloko-dolobha ye-Baghdad - lizwe lesibili ngobukhulu Arab engxenyeni eseMpumalanga LwaseMedithera Middle East, elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16.

A revolution 1958 kwaholela ekuweni kwamakhosi kuleli zwe, futhi kusukela ngo-1963 waqala amandla amaningi futhi zezombusazwe ngaphezulu ukuze athole Arab Socialist Baath Party (PASV). Ngenxa yabambana ngezihluthu sixties kwekhulu elidlule, iqembu waqala ukubusa ngo-1979, eholwa Saddam Hussein. Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona ingqopha ukuphila isimo. Kuyinto le nqubomgomo wakwazi ukuqeda yonke izimbangi zayo bese usetha mode kwamandla wobushiqela. Hussein ngo liberalizing imigomo yezomnotho kanye nokubumbana kwesizwe sakwa ku Umqondo 'isitha ezivamile ", wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhula ukuthandwa abo futhi banezindlela amandla cishe angenamkhawulo.

Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, Iraq ngo-1980 lakhipha impi ngokumelene Iran, eyathatha kuze 1988. Izinto zashintsha lapho 2003, lapho i-US-led sokusebenzisana amabutho wayifeza ayehlasela Iraq, umphumela owawungumnyaka ukukhishwa Saddam Hussein. Imiphumela yalokhu ayehlasela yathinteka kakhulu. Izwe kanye enamandla isibe inkundla omkhulu, lapho kungekho umkhakha athuthukile, kungekho ukuthula.

I Hashemite uMbuso Jordan

Ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, ekupheleni enyakatho ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo Arabhiya, entshonalanga Iraq, futhi ngaseningizimu yawo Republic yaseSiriya itholakala uMbuso Jordan. Map yezwe ibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi cishe yonke insimu yalo siqukethe ehlane Amathafa namagquma ehlukahlukene ezintabeni. Jordan abelana imingcele Saudi Arabia, Iraq, eSiriya Israyeli futhi Palestina esifundeni ezizimele. Izwe likwazi ukufinyelela oLwandle Olubomvu. Inhlokodolobha state Amman. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhetha emadolobheni amakhulu - Zarqa futhi Irbid.

Kusukela ngo-1953 kuya ku-1999, kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, izwe lalibuswa Korol Huseyn. Namuhla umbuso eliholwa indodana yakhe - Abdullah II, kuyinto ummeleli we Hashemite lwamakhosi ubhekwa kwelinye 43 isizukulwane abayinzalo ngqo of the Prophet Muhammad. Njengomthetho, umbusi e-Arabhiya kungekho umthelela elinganiselwe, Nokho, amandla nkosi sika Jordan ulawulwa nguMthethosisekelo iPhalamende.

Namuhla kuba ethule iningi kulo lonke elakwa-Arab East. Imali eyinhloko yezwe kuletha ezokuvakasha, kanye usizo abanye, acebile Arabhu sithi.

Palestine

Le ndawo ezizimele eMedithera esempumalanga yakhiwa ezimbili ze-non-eduze komunye nomunye izifunda: Gaza akhelene Israyeli neGibithe, futhi i-West Bank, okuyinto nje empumalanga nabo eJordani, lazo zonke ezinye lizungezwe nsimu Israel. Ngokuya ubunjalo Palestine ihlukaniswe ezindaweni eziningana: Emathafeni evundile ogwini loLwandle iMedithera ithafa inamagquma, elise kuya empumalanga. Empumalanga yezwe iqala asemaqeleni, okuyinto buphela ogwadule lwaseSiriya.

Ngo-1988, ngemva eziningana izimpi Arab-Israeli kanye nokwenqaba ngaseJordani neGibhithe luziveza zindawo asePalestina, Palestina eMkhandlwini kaZwelonke, ememezela ukusungulwa kwe-geqe. Umengameli wokuqala yokuzimela kwaba edume Yasser Arafat, ngemva abakufa kwabo, ngo-2005, lokhu okuthunyelwe likhethiwe futhi etholakala manje amandla, Mahmoud Abbas. Namuhla e Gaza, Hamas iqembu elibusayo, esahlanganisa amandla ngemuva kokuwina ukhetho kuleli ukuzimela. EWest Bank uphatha yonke isimo asePalestina National Authority.

Ubudlelwano phakathi Palestine no-Israyeli kukhona esimweni wagcizelela kakhulu futhi zaguqulwa phakade ku ukukulungisa ahlomile. Imingcele a state asePalestina cishe nawo wonke amaqembu zilawulwa Israeli amabutho ahlomile.