Lokho kuyinto emoyeni. Kusukela lokho amagesi yakhiwa emoyeni

umhlaba wethu ivikelwe igobolondo emangalisayo - emkhathini. It kuvimbela kwehla ezindikimbeni cosmic kanye iplanethi ingenye izimo eziyinhloko yokuphila komuntu. Yini-ke emoyeni, futhi kungani kubalulekile kangaka zezilwane nezitshalo ezikhona emhlabeni? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo kanye neminye ingatholakala kulesi sihloko.

Yini sakhiwo emkhathini?

Air igobolondo Umhlaba siqukethe izingqimba eziningana, ezithinta izici zayo.

• I iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva. Lona obukhulu kakhulu futhi ungqimba engezansi emkhathini. Kuyo bagxila ku-80% emoyeni. Uhlonze lwalo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo: iseduze nenkabazwe kukhulu kunenani phezu izingongolo. Kulapha sezulu, inkungu namafu akhiwa. I ukujiya esiphezulu we iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva ingamakhilomitha angu-17.
• Stratosphere. Kulesi ungqimba, etholakala endaweni engamamitha 50 km, kwenzeka okuphambene, kunokuthembela iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva, izinga lokushisa ushintsho nge ukuphakama - liphuma khona. Lapha, ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi iqukethe inani lemali elincane molecule yamanzi. Esikhathini Stratosphere kwakhiwa ungqimba lwe-ozone is endaweni engamamitha amakhilomitha angu-20.
• I mesosphere. Lapha, yakha amafu, wona sakhiwa ice zinhlayiya, futhi ukwehla emoyeni kwabantu. Mesosphere kuyinto at ibanga 80-85 amakhilomitha ngaphezu kwenhlabathi has lokushisa lokususa 90 degrees Celsius.
• Thermosphere. Lapha, ngenxa ukushayisana izinhlayiya emoyeni nge isikhala khona ukuvutha okhethekileyo, obizwa ngokuthi "i-aurora". Lesi sendlalelo Ubuye lokushisa esiphezulu emkhathini - plus 1500 degrees Celsius.
• Exosphere. Lolo hide luqala ngo bafinyelele endaweni engamamitha amakhilomitha 20,000 futhi unegama yesibili "Umqhele Zomhlaba" ngenxa ifomu ngokukhukhumala kwentamo imingcele yayo.

Kusukela lokho izinto kuyinto emoyeni?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isimo iplanethi kwamiswa kudala. Kodwa esikhathini intsha Earth wethu, ke ngokuyinhloko imikhiqizo wentaba-mlilo imfucuza. Kuphela ukusabalala izitshalo zayo kwaba emoyeni yokuqala ahlanganiswe oksijini, okwenza kube efanelekayo abantu ukuphefumula. Abaningi namaplanethi System Solar babe izikhathi eziphindwe. Kodwa ukwakheka ukuthi kufanelekile ukuphila kwabantu nezilwane ngawethu kuphela. Okwamanje share enkulu emoyeni umoya zimumethe igesi ezimbili eziyinhloko: nitrogen ne-oxygen. Okuqukethwe iphesenti lezi izinto ngalendlela lelandzelako: 78:21. Ukuthola kuyiphi igesi kuhlanganisa emoyeni, futhi kuyadingeka ukuze ucacise Ukwakheka ngephesenti elilodwa, okuyinto uhlala emva nekususa inani amagesi eziyisisekelo kusuka 100% we. Esimweni, kanye nitrogen ne-oxygen, iqukethe carbon, i-hydrogen, amagesi inert, umhwamuko nezinye amanyela. Oxygen ingenye izimo eziyinhloko zokuphila abantu nezilwane, kodwa carbon kuyadingeka ukuze izitshalo.

Ingabe umoya, amanzi?

Kanye amagesi emoyeni futhi umusi amanzi, okuyinto, kuye ngokuthi ukuphakama kungenzeka ngesimo zinhlayiya. Okuqukethwe ketshezi emoyeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuholela ekwakhekeni inkungu namafu. Lonke inani amanzi asemkhathini eplanethini yethu 14,000 cubic amakhilomitha. Phela, isisindo emoyeni incike inani umhwamuko equkethwe kuwo. I-bezitshela ukuthi kungcono emoyeni, njengoba umoya ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho kubo.

Yini ezingcolisa kungenzeka emoyeni wemizi emikhulu?

amagesi elimazayo emkhathini ngesikhathi omlilo of amalahle, uphethiloli, amakhemikhali Plastics. Ngenxa yalokho yokusabalala umgwaqo, ujantshi kanye naletinye tinhlobo tetitfutsi, kanye umsebenzi wamabhizinisi zezimboni emoyeni ezingcoliswe ndaba angaphandle. Lokho kuyinto emoyeni edolobheni elikhulu? Akukhona nje kusuka izinto ezifana carbon, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, kodwa futhi i-carbon monoxide, i-methane, ne- sulphur dioxide, i elibangela kokulimala uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli emhlabeni.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma emoyeni sizoqukatha ezingaphezu kwezingu-3% carbon dioxide, lokho kungase kubangele ekufeni komzimba ophilayo, njengoba yinto evamile ukukhuluma 0.03%. A semali intuthu, amagesi futhi umule eziqukethwe umoya ungcoliswe, ngokuthi "ngentuthu". Yena umboza izindawo eziningi ezimbonini kanye emadolobheni amakhulu emhlabeni.

Indlela akha imvula acid?

Ukwakheka lezi ezifakwa zingachazwa ngezinqubo kokwazi nokwakheka umkhathi. Yiziphi molecule kuyinto emoyeni? Kuyinto igesi futhi umusi ingxube. Iqukethe i-molecule yamanzi kanye nezinye izinto. Lapho ikhishwe ukungcola emkhathini athomu lezi zingxenye ehlangana amanzi, aguqulwa kuya acid kuwele phansi. izimvula okunjalo kubangele umonakalo omkhulu ukuze izitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu, futhi wangempela enhlekeleleni yezinto eziphilayo.

Kuyini i-ozone futhi kuphi?

It ikhiqizwa Stratosphere, ibanga amakhilomitha 20 kusukela Earth. Ungqimba lwe-ozone ivikela uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; iplanethi yethu emisebeni yelanga. Iphinde neutralizes izinto eziningi eziyingozi namagciwane. Lokho kuyinto emoyeni ungqimba lwe-ozone? Moya une-oksijini asebenzayo okuyinto kuveza esithweni noma elangeni yamangqamuzana kagesi. Xhumana ne emkhathini methane, chlorine, uxhumano lokudlulisa nitrogen oxide eziqukethwe air conditioning kanye ifriji amayunithi, iholela ekubhujisweni ungqimba, okuyinto ingenye phansi kwemvelo embulungeni yonke izinkinga impucuko.

Lokho kuyinto emoyeni?

Ukwakheka emoyeni lunikeziwe isici sihloko kuphela ungqimba engezansi emkhathini, okuyinto ubizwa ngokuthi "iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva." I kude komhlaba, izinguquko ngaphezulu kwenzeka. Kuyini ukubunjwa emoyeni emkhathini? Izinguquko lokuqala lwenzeka ungqimba lwe-ozone --mpilo asebenzayo livela. Ngokulandelayo, at ibanga-1 000 km ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba iqala predominance hydrogen-athomu ne-helium. Kusukela ukuphakama kuyehluka futhi ingcindezi - lehliselwa, lapho umoya rarefied ngaphezulu.

Engcolisa umkhathi?

I sibi izimo zemvelo endaweni, aba maningi kwamagciwane eziqukethwe emoyeni, ungaba yingozi enkulu kangakanani ukuphila komuntu nezilwane. With ukuthuthukiswa impucuko, ukonakaliswa imvilophi emoyeni Zomhlaba kuye kwanda kakhulu. Industrial izitshalo, imigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi bezitimela ezokuthutha, ezintsha isidalwa ukunethezeka (air conditioning, imishini Ukuphola, njll ..) noma ingcolise Isikhala ezungezile, okuholela ukwehla ungqimba lwe-ozone, umusi futhi nemvula ene-asidi.

Namuhla, wonke ntandokazi emhlabeni kunikezwa imvelo nobuchwepheshe friendly futhi ezokuthutha, kodwa esigcwele ekukhiqizeni okunjalo kuyodinga isikhathi esithile futhi impahla izindleko, futhi izothatha isikhathi eside.

isiphetho

Okuningi eminyakeni lengu 30 leyengca, samangala lapho sithola ukuthi bezwa ukuthi emazweni aseNtshonalanga ukuthengisa amanzi elula asemabhodleleni. Namuhla, zonke izakhamuzi zomphakathi edolobheni elikhulu, ucishe kokunakekela impilo yakho, ngeke baliphuze lokho ogeleza usuka empompini ezindlini zethu. Ukuthengwa amanzi ukuze ucime ukoma kwabo nokupheka uye kuyinsakavukela.

Esikhathini emadolobheni amakhulu e-China waqala ukudayisa umoya ohlanzekile e amathini. Futhi ngaphambi ukuthi amaqiniso anjalo zazibizwa kuphela izindaba yesayensi. Lokho kusukela lapho emoyeni namuhla kuncike zonke wasemhlabeni. Noma ubani angenza lukhulu imvelo ngokwenza imithetho elula nsuku zonke: musa ukugeza imoto imizimba natural yamanzi, ngesikhathi ukucisha imililo, ukuyeka ukubhema, qala ukuba ashise kudoti futhi eshiya ezindaweni eziqokiwe ngokukhethekile, njll Kithina kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi umoya. uzophefumula emhlabeni izizukulwane zethu! Futhi uzophefumula ...