Vatican - kungcono ... Iphi yaseVatican?

Isimo amancane ikhanga izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Omunye walena uwukuba iVatican. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yokuhlala uPapa waseRoma. Kodwa umuntu angabona ngokuvamile ukuzwa lo mbuzo: "Vatican - yidolobha ? Noma izwe" Siqala encane kakhulu, etholakala kweminye imizi, kodwa isimo. It has phansi ifulegi layo njengophawu siqu, elingenamikhono izingalo futhi kubalwa zemali lalo.

Uhlolojikelele

Yini luncane ngobukhulu izwe laseYurophu? Lona Vatican. endaweni yakhe ka 0,44 nje amakhilomitha square. Itholakala enhlokodolobha yase-Italy, eRome. Ngokuvamile akholelwa ukuthi iVatican futhi ayingxenye ye-Italy. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Vatican - lelitimele. igama layo kusukela entabeni it got igama, lapho izwe - ". inhlanhla indawo" "Mot Vaticanus", okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka Latin kusho

isikhathi base - ekuqaleni ekhulwini lesi-6. Ubude ingqikithi emngceleni kuyinto km 3.2 kuphela away. Futhi-ke, lokhu umphakathi yemifino-isimo umakhelwane eyodwa kuphela - Italy. Inkolo state lamaRoma Katolika. izilimi ezimbili ezisemthethweni - Italian nangesiGreki. Vatican - amakhosi ohlanga engokwasezulwini. Lwemali - Euro. Ngaphambi 1999, it has lwemali ayo - lira Vatican.

Geography nesibalo sabantu

Vatican - isimo miniature, elisoGwini Vatican Hill entshonalanga eRoma, osebeni kwesokudla eMfuleni Tiber. Ayisebenzi, zihlukaniswa by ngodonga lwamatshe, okuyisona bacishe bayifunda yonke komngcele inhloko-dolobha Italy. Empeleni, kuba esihlalweni iziphathimandla eziphakeme ka iSonto LamaRoma Katolika. Inani labantu base-iVatican lingaphansi kuka kubantu abayinkulungwane. Ngokusho izibalo ezisemthethweni - abantu 846. Zazo isigamu (450) kuphela nobuzwe babantu kulelo zwe. Abanye babe esinikezwe imvume yokuba yisakhamuzi kuphela, unomphela noma okwesikhashana.

yisakhamuzi iVatican ngo-Pope, abahleli bakhe abaseduze, le Cardinals, Okhahlamba Guards. Iningi izakhamuzi Vatican hle ngokuhlala kwelinye izwe unaphakade. Kuyinto izisebenzi nakwezombusazwe ngaleso ukuthumela State kwamanye amazwe.

Ubusakhamuzi of the Vatican, yiko kwesokudla, ukuze uthole imvume yokuba yisakhamuzi kungenzeka kubangelwa neziqondiso ezikhethekile. Bakhandwa yokutholwa ngokuhambisana Lateran Pacts. Yisizalwane iVatican kuphela ngokuqondene isikhundla. Uma ukuxoshwa kulahleka nokuhlala khona. Ngokungafani nabanye abantu, iVatican iyizwe ukuthi ukhiqiza passport zamanxusa kuphela, okuyizinto ezidingekayo lokuphila ngalé. ubudlelwane Esemthethweni Kwamiswa namanye amazwe amaningi lapho eVatican has ukumelwa lalo. Yilokho izwe emhlabeni usengakwazi ngiziqhayise ukuthi cishe ingxenye yezakhamuzi zalo babe ubuzwe ezimbili? A Vatican can!

polity

City State kuyinto ohlanga ngokuphelele engokwasezulwini. Legislative, Executive namandla zokwahlulela kungokwalabo uPapa lapha. Ukuze ukhetho yakhe njengoba udinga kuzo ekusekeleni abazobhapathizwa wakhuluma 2/3 Cardinals. Uma 30 imizuliswano ngeke bakwazi ukukhetha inhloko yoMbuso, wasungula inqubo ehlukile.

Esimeni ukufa noma ukungabi khona Pope ukuba ahole okwesikhashana isimo kanye nezindaba zamanje camerlengo Engcwele eSontweni LamaRoma. Amandla esiphezulu athweswe Supreme enkantolo kobufundisi Supreme Tribunal weNkantolo Apostolic, inkantolo yendawo. Guard inikeza wokuvikelwa uPapa ehlanganisa Swiss Guard.

ifulege

Lolu phawu isimo Vatican limele sikwele indwangu ukuma. Okukuwo imivimbo ngokulinganayo obujwayelekile ezimbili mpo, ophuzi nomhlophe. Ohlangothini lwesokunene ifulege, kwi background elimhlophe sikhombisa tiara uPapa, kuso amabili ewela okhiye. Bafanekisela okhiye kufanele ePharadesi futhi kusukela eRoma.

flag Vatican yavela ngemva ukusayinwa Februwari 11, 1929 Lateran Evumelana. Khona-ke bahlele isimo Holy See futhi sesithola uzibuse ephuma e-Italiya, lapho eVatican.

elingenamikhono izingalo

Enye uphawu isimo - elingenamikhono izingalo - uyisihlangu heraldic, obomvu, ifomu ngesiNgisi. It, kanye ifulege yezwe, ikhombisa tiara futhi izinkinobho ezimbili zihlangene.

Ngokomfanekiso, iVatican okwandile okuthiwa elingenamikhono ezincane, okuyinto esetshenziswa ukumelwa zamanxusa, kulezi zikhungo uPapa. Lawa okhiye sawela futhi tiara efanayo omelela iSonto lamaKatolika sobukhosi the Pope, kodwa hhayi kwephaneli, hhayi kuye.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, elingenamikhono izingalo ukudluliselwa kwamandla kusukela uPapa oshonile kuze umlandeli wakhe, ihlukaniswe. Image nge tiara lusetshenziselwe ukuphasa lomngcwabo, okhiye zidluliselwa ku-cardinal umamukeli. Kunalokho tiara ku ijazi lakhe izingalo, obomvu negolide kombhede. Lolu phawu akhethwa njengosuku Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Khona-ke igolide nesiliva ukhiye ezihlobene intambo ebomvu, ngokuthi "zokuvumela noma yini" futhi "astringent". Zazifanekisela ilungelo weSonto LaseSt kaPetru ukuxazulula yonke imibuzo bese uthumela ilungelo izindlalifa.

indaba

Vatican Modern yabonakala ibalazwe lomhlaba ngo-1929. Yini lalilapho phambi sikhathi? Umlando omncane egqumeni Vatican.

AmaRoma asendulo akazange ukwakha izwe, akukho emadolobheni, akukho nemizana, abababheka njengezinto ezingcwele. Futhi esikhathini koMbusi uKlawudiyu wabe eseya lapho isekisi imidlalo. Ukuqala umlando iVatican kubhekwa unyaka 326. Khona-ke, ngesikhathi ekusakazekeni kobuKristu e-Europe, emngcwabeni Kusolakala we uPetru, elamiswa Basilica ngokubabazekayo of Constantine. Ngekhulu lesi-8, nemizana eminingi sekwakhiwe lapha, okuyinto matasa ingxenye enkulu yeNhlonhlo Apennine. Lezi zindawo babehlanganiswe isimo - iVatican. Kodwa ngo-1870 Wadlulela sekubusa uMbuso Italy. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1929, Benito uMussolini wasayina Lateran iSivumelwano eyanikeza ubukhosi Vatican, futhi ithole idivaysi yesimanje kanye nemingcele.

ezokuvakasha

ICodex kuyinto ekhoneni ezincane emhlabeni, kodwa Idonsa lenqwaba namakholwa avela emhlabeni wonke. Kukhona abalandeli "imikhaza" - ukuvakashela isimo encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Vatican - esontweni zwe. Zazingekho abasebenzi noma abalimi, ngoba ayihambisani khiqiza anything, alukho kuye, ukuthunga, nezolimo. Kukhona kuphela sibonga izivakashi neminikelo.

uthi Petite European zitholakala egqumeni Vatican futhi siqukethe izigodlo sobupapa, izingadi, izindlu ezingaba ngu-30, Cathedral "St Peter" futhi endaweni phambi kwakhe. Kodwa yilokho kanye izivakashi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Vatican akukho ukubhuka, futhi bonke abeza ukuba baphile amahhotela eziseduze yenhloko-dolobha wase-Italy.

Faka ensimini ka isimo yemifino kungenzeka kuphela ngesango 6, okuyinto uxhuma eRoma iVatican. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lokhu isimo amancane kubhekwa kakhulu "uyisigebengu" emhlabeni. On endaweni yayo encane kukhona inombolo efanayo ekwebeni, njengoba sihlanganisa lonke multimillion eRoma. Ngokuba yilowo nalowo isakhamuzi we-akhawunti Vatican cishe 3 amacala. Kodwa eqinisweni, ukwenza izivakashi zabo ngokuvakashela. Ngisho naphezu kwemizamo 700 amaphoyisa ka, izinga ubugebengu ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu.

zokungcebeleka

Yini ingase ikumangaze futhi isithakazelo izihambi yaseVatican?

• St kaPetru Basilica. Lona ukuthatheka main kanye main Catholic Church emhlabeni wonke. Saqala ukwakha ke ngisho 324, ngesikhathi kusolwa ngengcwaba kumphostoli uPetru. Ngekhulu le-15. lapha sakha isakhiwo grand. Lena inhliziyo iVatican kanye wonke lamaKatolika. Ngenhla kwakungisiza Raphael omkhulu noMichelangelo. umhlobiso Okumangalisayo futhi ngaphakathi Council. Futhi esikhundleni kungaba lenqwaba abantu - 18 000. Le ndawo phambi lombhishobhi has simise esiyingqayizivele of kakhiye.
• I eSistine Chapel. Itshe lesikhumbuzo eziyingqayizivele umlando izakhiwo. Yakhiwa kwisayithi ye Chapel agugile nokuwohloka for uPapa Sixtus IV, yingakho igama layo. Ngaphandle, isakhiwo nesizotha kakhulu, ukubukeka zingezona ezibonakalayo. Kodwa ngaphakathi Decor salo yesiteleka. Ukuthandwa yesonto kwakubangelwa yasezindongeni elalenjiwe wasebenza amakhosi ezifana Botticelli, Michelangelo futhi Pinturicchio. Kulapha okhadinali bayaphumelela ekunqobeni ukuthi ngemva kokufa uPapa wamanje ukhetha entsha.

• Apostolic Library. Amazing lesikhumbuzo kwamasiko. Ngaphezu ezihlotshiswe kahle isakhiwo, inani layo eqoqweni elikhulu lemibhalo yesandla nasemibhalweni yesandla yamuva esikhanyayo Ephakathi. Kuphinde kuvule izivakashi kuphela ingxenye encane umtapo.
• Pinacoteca Vatican
• Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Pius-Clementino
• izingadi Vatican
• I-Egyptian Museum
• Raphael mavesi.

It kuvela ukuthi izwe elincane enjalo Vatican - lena lapho akulona nje yamaKatolika Curia - lapha tibheke izikhumbuzo kwamasiko, emlandweni futhi yokwakha izwe. Eba ke, wena musa ukubuza, "iVatican -? Isimo noma cha". Lapha isimo ekhethekile, okuyinto ayitholakali ikuphi emhlabeni.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo zokugcina

Indawo lapho iVatican izici eziphawuleka emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele abayenzayo. Nazi nje ezinye zazo.

1. ST. Peter - is ezisohlwini kufanele iincwadi zamarekhodi njengoba ngobukhulu esontweni lamaKatolika emhlabeni.
2. yisakhamuzi Vatican ayikwazi ngofuzo. Kungaba nzima ukuthola Holy See. Ngemva umsebenzi, yisakhamuzi ikhanseliwe.
3. Ntambama eVatican abantu abangaphezu kuka-3 ayizinkulungwane - abantu ukuza emsebenzini.

Umuzi-isimo has elingenamikhono ayo izikhali, ifulege, umthethosisekelo, umsakazo, i-imeyili isevisi, iphephandaba lansuku zonke "romano Losservatore", esiteshini ayo nobude ujantshi we 275 m.

Kukhona 1 esikoleni, 1 etilongweni, isiteshi somsakazo 1. Yaqala enobudlelwane namazwe 174, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu elilinganiselwe ukumelwa kwabo ku Vatican zitholakala e-Italy.

Wopapa wangcwatshwa isiboshwa St kaPetru.