Amaminerali we esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, igolide, amalahle, itshe-nsimbi. Igolide idiphozi Sukhoi Log. Slyudyanskoye zemabula okwami

Namuhla sikhuluma namaminerali we esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Cabanga emkhakheni main, kanye sixoxe ngendlela ephelele unothile kule ndawo. Ukuze uqale, sibheke lokhu ingxenye yeRussia eduze.

esifundeni sase-Irkutsk

Labantu esifundeni njengoba ka 2016 kwaba abacishe babe yizigidi 2.5 abantu. Kulokhu ebalulekile ukuthi isilinganiso lwenzuzo yemvelo futhi ukuthuthela alivumi. Njengoba umnotho, kumele ukuthi esifundeni sase-Irkutsk unendima ehola phezu Trans-Urals. Population uhlala ikakhulukazi ngenxa asebenzayo amasevisi ethengisa. Umkhakha kusekelwe yokusansimbi non-ayoni, uginindela nephepha, imithi Woodworking izimboni, isiqoqi sama-softwe, amandla kagesi umkhakha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esifundeni sase-Irkutsk iyisifunda nge uhlobo yezimboni umnotho. Trans-Siberian sesitimela - main traffic Umthambo kwendawo. Indawo ebalulekile kuhlala ngemgwaco. Kusukela kule ndawo amumethe emifuleni, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu ifinyelele nemifula. Liphinde athuthukiswe kahle emoyeni link.

amaminerali

Isifunda ithatha ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Central laseSiberia Plateau. Kukhona iBaikal kanye Primorsky Range, Patom futhi Stanovoye Highlands. Engxenyeni ningizimu-ntshonalanga ezintabeni Eastern Sayan. Futhi, indawo le ndawo kuhlala iChibi iBaikal.

Minerals esifundeni sase-Irkutsk inikeza ezihlukahlukene enkulu. Kube ukhiphe namafutha, amalahle, igesi yemvelo, igolide, itshe-nsimbi, idwala usawoti, amalahle kanye lignite, ubumba, Gypsum, kaolin, mica. Amalahle misela ku-Irkutsk esifundeni imali ezinkulu ezintathu, thina yisho ngezansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekulandiseni imboni yetetimayini% 11 kuphela isakhiwo yezimboni esifundeni. Ngo nokwakheka umkhakha ngokwayo, yindawo olwabiwa imithombo emithathu:

• igolide esifundeni sase-Irkutsk ithatha cishe ngo-47%;
• amalahle - 28%;
• nsimbi (18%).

uwoyela Predictive ukuthola alinganayo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,6 amathani imethrikhi. Nsimbi e esifundeni sase-Irkutsk emelelwa ezifakwa ezincane. Ngo zezikhukhula Cheremshansky, iBaikal futhi Irkutsk izifunda emelelwa izinsiza amalahle. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ababezikhiqiza ensimini Mugunskogo, Azejskogo futhi Cheremkhovo ezifakwa kule Irkutsk umcengezi.

izici Jikelele

Irkutsk Region Geography ivumela ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene amaminerali. Kuyinto zemabula eyigugu anemibala ehlukene. Esikhathini esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, ungakuthola cishe yimuphi umbala. Ngaphambi Sludyansky emkhakheni ukudlala indima ebalulekile saphela mica, okungukuthi zemabula wathatha endaweni yayo. Irkutsk izindonga ezenziwe ngemabula-ngaphakathi the Novosibirsk esitimeleni futhi esiteshini laseKharkov ngokuthi "lena yesigaba sabasebenzi" kanye eMoscow metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda" futhi "Barrikadnaya."

Kuze kube manje, eziningi izicelo has limestone mramorirovanny. Khiphela ke ku-Irkutsk esifundeni "Pit Pass".

Kukhona kule ndawo futhi izinto engasetshenziswanga zokusetshenziswa: ubumba refractory nezinhlobo zikasawoti. Vele 3 km ukusuka edolobheni kukhona idiphozi apatite. Ngokwalokho okubikezelwa, kukhona ongaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-90. Le nkambu kungaba isisekelo esihle kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo phosphate. Kuze kube manje, sihlobana inqolobane kanye itholakala floodplains.

4 km kusuka Slyudyanka zikhona izimali ezifakwa ocebile ubumba refractory. Lalivulwe kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngesikhathi kuqala ukwakhiwa Circum-iBaikal sesitimela. Ngaphambi inguquko lapho sasithathwa ubumba ukwenza izitini refractory, kodwa ngo-1927 imayini yavalwa.

Sukhoi Log

Inkambu likhulu kunawo wonke okuqukethwe igolide imikhando eRussia. Akukholeki kuphela lokulandisa 28% azo zonke ezimbiwa phansi e-Russia. muva kokuhlaziywa Sukhoi Log olwenziwa (ebusika 2016) futhi kwatholakala ukuthi amasheya endaweni kulinganiselwa ngaso amathani ayinkulungwane 1.53 isiliva amathani ayinkulungwane 2.7 egolide. Kodwa lapha izinkinga. Ngakho, kukhona esitokisini omkhulu ngaphansi kwesimo izinga eliphansi okuqukethwe igolide emkhandweni wensimbi. Kuyinto isikhathi eside kwaba inkinga enkulu futhi sina emkhakheni ukuthuthukiswa. Muva nje, ebusika 2017, Sukhoi Log wayiswa inkampani "SL Igolide" wentuthuko.

Thola ensimini kungaba Yelena ezimayini zegolide endaweni (central okuyingxenye). Ibanga ukusuka enkabeni yesifunda ilingana 850 km. Eliseduze sesitimela - Taksimo.

Sukhoi Log lavulwa ngo-1961. Vele ngalesi sikhathi ngenkuthalo uphenyo yoke imikhawulo. izikhungo eziningi (TSNIGRI, VNIIKhT, MISA, njll) olwenziwa kocwaningo ukuze uthole i-ore. Ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1986 kwathiwa kwenziwe uhla imisebenzi ukulungiswa izifundo. kuhlolwe esibanzi reserves ukuthi kwenziwe 2007-2008, imiphumela okuyinto siye sakhuluma ngenhla. Ekuqaleni kuka-1990 inkampani wathola ilayisense "Lenzoloto".

izici geological

imikhando Igolide ivezwa namabala of carbonates futhi sulfides. Field kwazona ngokususelwa ubukhulu, izikhundla nemibandela okuvela ore ihlukaniswe 4 izingxenye: Central, Sukholozhsky Northwest neNtshonalanga. Izinto zenani elikhulu zomuntu yokugcina ingakamiswa uphenyo, njengoba ekuqaleni nje ukujwayela. Iningi ore Sukholozhsky esifundeni ocebile equkethe mayelana 88% azo zonke izinhlobo.

Amandla ore umzimba zokhahlamba kusuka 15 m. It imelelwa ezifakwa tabular. imingcele Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo iyiphi okukhipha phezu netshe umzimba. Kunezindawo slabozolotonosnyh amatshe. Ore ukubunjwa kumakhemikhali azihlukile kakhulu emadwaleni ezizungezile.

cwaningo laboratory usebenzisa ngokwahlukana photometric kwenziwa e 2006-2007. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukwenza revaluation izinqolobane, okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla ngokuphindaphindiwe. Umphumela eyinhloko isifundo eyayinikelwa ngaphambi nokunonophala ubuchwepheshe. Lokhu, ezithuthukisa umkhiqizo izikhathi eziningana.

Slyudyanskoye ensimini

Slyudyanskoye zemabula ezifakwa zitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu zonke eChibini iBaikal. It kuthinta iqhubezela esenyakatho Khamar-Daban Range. Ngokwe-division zokuphatha, Slyudyanskoye ensimini Itholakala esifundeni sase-Irkutsk endaweni Slyudyanka. Umlando kule ndawo itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva ekhulwini XVIII. Lolu cwaningo lokuqala, olwenziwe ososayensi ngezindaba basuke bengabangane bengcebo Slyudyanka wesifunda, waqala ngo-1832. zinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi ayebekelwe - the Mesozoic, Paleozoic futhi archaea. Njengoba basalts kukhona ampofu, le ndawo igcwele kwamadwala eziyisisekelo eziyinkimbinkimbi Precambrian. Inkambu amumethe phlogopite, Lapis lazuli, egwadle pegmatites. Amasimu Main ingcebo - a zemabula. It ithatha 61% endaweni.

Amaminerali esifundeni sase-Irkutsk Kunzima ukucabanga ngaphandle "yemvelo Museum mineralogical." Kuyinto igama esethiwa ensimini okuxoxwa ngalo. Lokhu kwaletha udumo uthola zinhlayiya Umumo emangalisayo nosayizi. umbala izinhlobo eziningi amaminerali avela endaweni lethiwa siqu.

Inkambu emangalisayo?

Ukuze mineralogy futhi petrography indawo engcono kakhulu Slyudyanskoye ensimini. Omkhulu ukuphakama ezintabeni ukuthi sekuseduze ukuba iBaikal wakhe ukubukeka okuhle. zigodi Obujulile ezihosheni nezinguquko okusheshayo e ukuphakama ayindawo enhle kakhulu ngoba ezinjalo zemvelo njengoba splyvy, mudflows, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, liqhwa nezikhatha idwala izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze.

Ngo-1935 mineralogist abanamakhono P. Kalinin wadala isifinyezo lokuqala namaminerali Slyudanki. Kuze kube namuhla, luhlala kuphela futhi enemininingwane kakhulu. Izinkomba lo msebenzi kungaba ukuhlangabezana ezincwadini eziningi Russian kanye angaphandle thematic.

In the 50s kwekhulu elidlule babe ukuthuthukiswa idiphozi zemabula 'Pass "ku Slyudanke. Kuze kube namuhla, okwami ezisebenza basalelwe abahlinzeki eyinhloko izinto zokusetshenziswa for ukukhiqizwa usimende.

ezifakwa Malobystrinskoe ka Lapis lazuli

Inkambu lethiwa ngoba ikhona eduze komfula Small Rapid, okuyinto owumthelela encane Irkut. Usuku olusemthethweni ukuvulwa ubhekwa 1851, futhi owathola G. Permikin. Inkambu has lazuritonosnye "emithanjeni" ezimbili. Zakhiwa a ohlanganisa Puff lens ku ngalo lazuli isidleke Lapis. I calciphyres obuphelele lazuritonosnye ukufinyelela 140 m lazurite ezilamatshe aligugu kubonakala ngezindlela eziningana .:

• ezincane impregnation lazurite kwamadwala nangemabula;
• streaks kanye nekhava oluhlaza egwadle;
• Izigaxana nezidleke e shell carbonate-silicate.

izindawo inkinga

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinga jikelele ekuthuthukisweni esifundeni impela high, kukhona izinkinga eziphawulekayo. Ekuqaleni basuke kakhulu ukhathazekile ezingeni futhi bungakanani ubude bokuphila. Nokho, iminyaka 10-15 esilandelayo, uhlela indlela aphume sibonga crisis emklamweni nokuthuthukiswa Kovykta igesi condensate zasendle, ezikhona uvusa umnotho ezingeni elisha. Isifunda linezinkinga abalulekile kwemvelo ephathelene nomsebenzi ukuzamazama komhlaba zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo umkhakha athuthukile. Ungayithathi kalula izinkinga kwezemvelo iBaikal.

Efingqa imiphumela sihloko, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi amaminerali we esifundeni sase-Irkutsk zahlukahlukene ngempela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esifundeni ikude nokuba esiqongweni nentuthuko yezomnotho, it has a engaba omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni. Nokho, kufanele sinake kakhulu ukuba isimo kwemvelo, okuyinto ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu esifundeni.