Circum-iBaikal sesitimela: uhlelo, intengo, izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza

Indawo eyingqayizivele eRussia ubhekwa Circum-iBaikal sesitimela (isithombe uyoboniswa ngezansi). Leli gama engavamile kufika engqondweni ukuthi uma ubheka ibalazwe umbono wukuthi umgwaqo kwenza ngempela umbuthano.

A amaqiniso ambalwa mayelana Circum

Isihloko esingenhla lasetshenziswa ingxenye wesitimela we Trans-iBaikal umugqa kusukela iBaikal isiteshi platform Mysovaya. ubude balo 260 km. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwamanje ingxenye esebenzayo iyingxenye ebalulekile Eastern eSiberia ujantshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli qophelo ethemini (CBRY) evamile ukusebenzisa kuphela maqondana nezipani ka kwangqingetshe ayeke Sludyanka ΙΙ ukuze iBaikal lento. Ngaphambi 1949, indlela esemqoka ye sesitimela Trans-Siberian wakhe wawenziwa ngo-ensimini Circum-iBaikal ujantshi. Phela, ingxenye (kufika platform Mysovaya) ngenhla kanye namanje ingxenye isiqondiso laseSiberia. A ingxenye Olkhinskoye Plateau (eseningizimu), esukela nomzana esiteshini iBaikal Slyudyanka, waqaphela njengoba lesikhumbuzo engineering art. Nokho, ngemva kokuba wasungula ingxenye impinda w / d imiyalezo udinga ukusebenzisa umugqa sase-Irkutsk Slyudyanka wanyamalala. Kwasekubikwa adiliza ngo-1956. Ekupheleni kuka-50s ukwakhiwa le-Irkutsk esiteshini emifula kwaba cwilisa ngokuphelele (ngenxa izikhukhula kwesigubhu). Yingakho, bakha isigaba efile ekupheleni. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa, Circum ngokusemthethweni ezazingekho (kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile endaweni Trans-iBaikal). It isinyathelo ukulawula kuphela ukwakhiwa w / d Indwangu. Namuhla, le ibanga liyingxenye okuthunyelwe East laseSiberia.

umsebenzi Ucwaningo endaweni

Ucwaningo lokuqala lwenziwe esikhathini kusuka 1836 kuya ku-1840. Le misebenzi yenziwa AI Shtukenberg. Nokho, sokugcina mayelana nohlelo ukukhomba, ngokuhambisana okwakumelwe eyakhelwe Circum-iBaikal sesitimela, laqedwa ngo-1894. Indlela yokuqala sidlulile sase-Irkutsk echibini ejulile emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni, kwanqunywa ukuba silondoloze isevisi wesitimela kanye ebhange kwesokudla Angara. Ngenxa yale njongo okuhloswe ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho pontoon. Kodwa kamuva, lo mbono inqatshelwe ngoba ezingeni amanzi omfula yabekwa iyehla iyenyuka njalo. Futhi ngesikhathi ukugeleza ice nokusetshenziswa kulesi sigaba akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuthi Kurgobaykalskaya ujantshi ehambayo ibhange kwesokunxele, nakuba kubhekwa nzima kakhulu ukuthuthukisa. Kanyekanye lezi nophenyo Kwakuseshwa ucwaningo kungenzeka kuvuleke imiyalezo w / d ukuxhuma "igebe" phezu sesitimela laseSiberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesigaba empumalanga baba nezinkinga. Lapha, ingxenye yomgwaqo wakhe wawenziwa ngo-sezwe flat kanye oluseningizimu yeChibi iBaikal, esibonakala by ngobumnene ekuzigingqeni. Kodwa igebe ukuxhuma Irkutsk Kultuk futhi kwakubangela ubunzima obukhulu.

Dala w / d Indwangu

Ngenxa yalokhu umsebenzi (ababedlula ngaphansi kokulawula UProfesa IV Mushketov) ongakhetha ezine kungenzeka edonsa B-band yasungulwa. okungukuthi:

1. 1. Kusukela sase-Irkutsk Kultuk ukukhokhelana ibhange kwesokunxele elingena kulo mfula Zyrkuzunsky yokhalo.
2. River ezigodini nasezintabeni emaweni lip Big Olkha eminye kuvuleke umgwaqo uma ugudla ugu zonke eChibini iBaikal.
3. Nomzana Kultuk Belektuy ngokusebenzisa Tunkinsky yokhalo.
4. platform iBaikal kuze kube seqophelweni ekupheleni ngechibi ogwini.

Ukwamukelwa wekugcina

ezimbili kuphela abakhethelwa e umphumela ucwaningo (ayeba izimayini ubunjiniyela batch) izinguqulo ezihlongozwayo. Futhi 1899 ikomiti ukuze kwakhiwe le laseSiberia zokuxhumana ujantshi omamukele uxhumano wokuqala nowesithathu inketho "break" umugqa. Kuwo wonke unyaka, ngaphansi kokulawula BU Samrimovicha imizila baye bakhethwa ngenxa yokugcina survey enemininingwane. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukuba makudle irrevocably ukuthumela ugu loLwandle iChibi iBaikal. Ukungabaza zibheke ekusebenziseni le samuntu zihlobene yokuthi ogwini uyayenza ingxenye enamadwala nge emithambekeni emaweni. Nokho, ngokuvumelana izibalo, kwatholakala ukuthi unalo icebo cost-ukusebenza. ukwamukelwa Yokugcina indlela ekhethiwe wamukelwa ngonyaka 1901. Gada umsebenzi wokwakha eyabelwe BU Savrimovichu, ngaleso sikhathi yayisetshenziswa njengomuzi wokuphumula unjiniyela ujantshi. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa, izilinganiso ukwakhiwa kojantshi Imali ilinganiselwa ngaphezulu kuka 52 million. Ruble.

Circum-iBaikal sesitimela. indaba

Uma kuhlelelwa esifundeni laseSiberia (okuyinto ngenxa waziwa ngokuthi sesitimela Trans-Siberian) lalinabashumayeli 7 izigaba. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka Korugobaykalskaya ujantshi, ukwakhiwa okwenziwa ogwini olusempumalanga ye echibini ukuze edolobheni lase-Irkutsk Babushkino (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo marina Mysovaya). Esikhathini kusuka 1896 kuya 1900 ezakhiwa w / a lewebhu kusuka iphuzu kokuqala ukuhamba Cape Ustyansky (owayesenezinsuku ekuqaleni ngokuthi Small Little Sheep). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1900, umsebenzi wokwakha lo jantshi Circum-iBaikal ogwini olusempumalanga seziqediwe, futhi ekuqaleni kwayo yonke imizamo babegxile ukwakhiwa esigabeni phakathi esiteshini futhi Mysovaya Tanhoya. Ezifundweni okwalandela (kufika platform Sludyanka) yayisetshenziswa kakhulu zabasebenzi isiboshwa neziboshwa.

umsebenzi Final

Ukubeka ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo (ayeke iBaikal) waqala entwasahlobo ka-1902. Futhi kuyafaneleka ukuthi umnqamulajuqu imisiwe ngenxa ekupheleni kwehlobo 1905. Lakeside ngaleso sikhathi khona Stony okukhululekile kokuphakama kuze kufinyelele 400 m. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi ingxenye esebenzayo luzobandakanya Umhubhe 33. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa umthelela ongemuhle yamanzi iChibi iBaikal base ujantshi ukuphakama isikhundla kufanele okungenani 533 cm. Futhi cabanga ngesikhathi amandla ekwakhiweni sidings. Wayengumuntu okungenani 14 namabhuzu izitimela usuku lonke.

Circum-iBaikal sesitimela. Ishejuli intengo

Eminyakeni engu-80 saqala kancane ukusebenza ngokusebenzisa umkhakha wezokuvakasha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho nangemva nokuthuma Circum-iBaikal ujantshi isivele isetshenzisiwe njengoba endaweni yokuzithokozisa siqala ibanga elincane kakhulu. Kuyini namuhla Circum-iBaikal sesitimela? 2014 amumethe indawo ezahlukene. Ukuvakashelwa abazenzi masonto onke. Ngo-June - ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto ngoJulayi - kusukela ngoLwesithathu kuze kushaye iSonto. Kuyo yonke le site umkhankaso "Circum-iBaikal Express". Ukuhamba isitimela wenziwa ekuseni. Tour izindleko - kancane kuka ruble 2000. Isikhathi ukuvakasha - ngosuku.

zokungcebeleka

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izikhungo ukuzilibazisa eziningana, kanye ifomu engavamile ezokuvakasha funa - the "zasendle." Le nkampani "Railways Russian" okwamanje imatasa ukuthuthukiswa amathuba ezokuvakasha, esesikhundleni Circum-iBaikal sesitimela. Izibuyekezo wazivakashela kakade lezi zindawo, omuhle kakhulu. Endaweni yokuqala abantu abaningi hamba khona ukubheka "ubunjiniyela" ezikhangayo. Ngaphandle kwalezi, kusukela Circum kukhona ezikhumbuzo eziningi zemvelo okuyizinto isithakazelo lokungekho ngephansi. Lokhu esiqongweni sedwala elikhulu, eziningi izakhiwo ngokhuni, eyenziwe Art Nouveau isitayela (elakhiwa ngo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili), outcrops itshe, nokunye.