Arabat Fortress: incazelo nesithombe. Kanjani ukuze uthole enqabeni?

Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea kwaba yesehlakalo zinqobe phakathi ahlukene. Ukuze aqinise isikhundla yayo kule ekhoneni osendaweni ebalulekile izinqaba iplanethi abantu eyakhelwe, eziningi zazo zisekhona kuze kube namuhla.

Namuhla eCrimea, izivakashi angahlola lenqaba Genoese, WaseByzantium namaRoma. Futhi walondoloza izinqaba Turkish. Phakathi kwabo endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala inqaba Arabat.

Ohlukile lesi sakhiwo ukuzivikela ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi itholakala phakathi uLwandle Azov futhi Sivash ku isiqeshana emincane ezweni, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi thembeke ukuvikela enhlonhlweni ekuhlaseleni bevela enyakatho.

igama

Abanye abacwaningi bathi, igama elithi "Arabat" livela Turkic futhi lisho "Emaphethelweni" futhi njengoba zinjalo - ". Okuthile ahlelwe phambi" Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi igama lale livela olimini lwesi-Arabhu futhi lisho "oluqinisayo". Kunoma ikuphi, amaqhawe Arabat Fortress, okuyinto esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe kukhale okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi umsele ezijulile, awunika igama lokuthi endaweni yokuhlala - amahle eside isihlabathi namathe ehlukanisa Sea Azov ezisuka eGulf of Siwash.

Umlando enqabeni eCrimea eRussia

ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana lapho wasungula Arabat Fortress, asizange sisinde. Nokho, kukhulunywa okokuqala ebhaliwe lenqaba ngesikhathi Ak-Monayskogo mdweshu encwadini "Incazelo ye-Ukraine" eyabhalwa engumFulentshi H. Boplan libhekisela 1651, ngakho-ke, cishe, le izinqaba lakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Kwalondolozwa njengemiBhalo ukuqopha isihambi ezidumile Turkish Evliya Çelebi, ngubani, ekuhambeni kwakhe e yoMbuso WaseTurkey, wavakashela eCrimea Arabat wachazwa njengomuntu "esikhulu esinamandla itshe umbhoshongo nxazonke ifomu," kuvikela nhlonhlo kusukela Kalmyks futhi Cossacks. Uveza njengoba umsunguli enqabeni Mehmed Giray Khan, ngokusobala wayebhekisele endodaneni umbusi Saadet eCrimea.

I inqaba kanye Cossacks

lenqaba Turkish ukuvikela eCrimea esivela enyakatho-mpumalanga, wahlala isikhathi eside engafinyeleleki. Ngo 1668 Cossacks iphansi kwesandla sika-Koshevoy Ivan Uphondo, ahlasela le nqaba futhi wabulala isikaniso salo. Njengoba injongo ukuhlinzwa Cossack uvalo abaseTurkey, bona ningabi sibhajwe enqabeni, okuyinto wabuyiselwa WaseTurkey.

Lapho elithuma okwesibili, lo Cossacks Arabat Fortress ashiya izikhundla ngo-1737, lapho ibutho-Onesimu Bilogo usebenzisa yokwehla kwezinga ezingeni amanzi ngenxa ukuxoshwa umoya, wathutha Siwash futhi izinqaba lithunjwa. Impumelelo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina: ngokushesha le Cossacks baxoshwa enqabeni, futhi ukuze ubuyele abaseTurkey.

Fall Arabat

Ekugcineni, le nqaba wanqotshwa amabutho Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-V M. Dolgorukova, ngemva kwalokho lapho yayigcinwe khona isikaniso samabutho empi. Wadlala indima ebalulekile phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea, hhayi okuvumela Allied kokwehla ukuthunjwa Arabat Amathe, okuyinto eyayiyoholela encirclement kwezinhloko zamaviyo Russian.

Ngo 1860 inqaba walahlekelwa ukubaluleka ekahle futhi saqala ukwehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi zakule ndawo angomakhelwane waqala ahlukanisa odongeni bese usebenzisa amatshe wokwakha yabo ukuze kwakhiwe imizi yabo. Njengoba ukubuyiselwa lenqaba cishe ukwenza kanjalo okwamanje ke usesimweni kuhle sorry.

Arabat Fortress: incazelo

I Citadel kwadalwa onjiniyela Turkish ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokwakhiwa nezivikelo kwesikhathi. I izithombe ezithwetshulwe ngesiphuphutheki, ngisho ifomu agugile, ngokucacile sifana pentagon omkhulu.

Arabatskaya lenqaba wawuvikelwa umsele egcwele amanzi enikeziwe kusukela eLwandle Azov. Kusukela inqaba ziye igodi imigudu, okuvumela abaseTurkey uma kwenzeka ekuvinjezelweni ezivela olwandle buthule uthole ogwini ebusuku futhi ukuhlasela emikhunjini isitha. Ngaphakathi isiboshwa Kwahlelwa - umgodi lapho iziboshwa wawugcinwa, ebekumele khona, kuyilapho ngemva kwabo ngeke kube sihlengo.

Arabat Fortress kwadingeka zokungena ezimbili futhi lahlukaniswa laba 5 zibuswa nge inganono izintuba, okuye sihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi lenqaba kungaba ukuvikela kusuka tinkhombandlela eziningana kanyekanye.

isimo samanje

izivakashi eziningi ngokukhethekile ukuza eCrimea ukubona ziningi izikhumbuzo impi. Arabat Fortress ungomunye wabo.

Okwamanje, kusukela nenqaba kanye esesabekayo kwaba encane kuphela ingxenye. Lawa izinsalela eziqinile nge izintuba futhi emnyango lwaleli ohlangothini lwaseningizimu. Ikakhulukazi kushaft ephawulekayo, okuyinto kwezinye izindawo ifinyelela ukuphakama 7-8 amamitha. Ukubukeka wanamuhla izindonga ihlukile kulokho izikhathi yokubusa Turkish, njengoba ezinsukwini zakuqala besizukulwane seMpi YaseCrimea, bamkhanda ngamatshe limestone isitini. Eduze naleyo nqaba ubulunge bunkers eziningana German osale yokuvinjezelwa esifushane lendawo ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

legend

I inqaba Arabat Amathe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-150 sekonakele. Mayelana naleli phuzu, abendawo eziningi-legends. Ngokwesibonelo, bathi phambi Revolution ezimayini zikasawoti, etholakala eduze emanxiweni, insizwa wasebenza njengoba Memet. Wayefuna ukuba bonge imali emshadweni, ngakho wasebenza ngokuzikhandla. Ngokushesha, le nsizwa wagula wabangwa nezibi. Wabuza umnikazi ukukhokha ngokwethembeka wathola imali yabo, uye endlini yakho. Wenqaba futhi waphoqelela Mehmet waqhubeka esebenza kuze kube sekupheleni kwethemu wona kwakuqashwa. Ngokushesha kwenzeka ungalungiseki, futhi kuye le nsizwa wafa. Khona-ke ngo-ithuna lakhe, etholakala eduze ezindongeni inqaba, usawoti yaqala ukubonakala amabala, efana imibhalo Arabhu. Njengoba bendawo bathi, Memet dabukisa uzama adlulisele ukuphila intukuthelo yazo ngalokhu ngesikhathi isiphetho ngendlela enesihluku futhi ngiqalekise master okubi.

Nethezeka phezu Arabat Amathe

Esanda kutholakala, lezi zindawo waqala ukuheha abathandi beach, ikakhulukazi ngenxa izindonga enqabeni kolwandle ifinyelela ka 2 m ukujula kuphela at ibanga amamitha 100 kusuka osebeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, amanzi lifudumeza up ngokushesha - izinga lokushisa lingase ukufinyelela degrees 30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya phezu Arabat Amathe iqukethe pair of iodine kanye uxhumano lokudlulisa, Ngakho-ke, kuyinto kakhulu ewusizo izingane kanye labo abaphethwe izifo zamaphaphu.

Akunjalo kudala ku Arabatke Kwatholakala ezishisayo lamanzi esiphethu, esiza ekwelapheni kwemizwa uhlelo iziyaluyalu bone ahlukahlukene kanye nezinkinga ngokuhlanganyela. Futhi, kukhona nenqwaba usawoti brine nasodakeni.

Arabat namathe efanelekayo inhlangano ukudoba, ngoba kukhona ungakwazi ukubamba ulwe, mullet, pelengasa nelamathole. Atholakala oLwandle Azov nezimfanzi.

Arabat Fortress: kanjani ukuba uthole

Indawo okwakukhona kuyo enqabeni libhekene izixhumanisi 45 ° 17 '44 38 'enyakatho latitude 35 ° 28 '41 83' longitude empumalanga.

Ngemoto kungenziwa esafinyelelwa onguthelawayeka kwemibuso eMoscow - Simferopol. It exhumanisa ukujikela ku Henichesk, bese uvule pointer bese uqhubeka ushayela eya esiteshini igesi (20 km kusuka zungeza). Kusuka lapho, kuzomele uqhubeke ekufezeni kolwandle bese iya ngqo enqabeni. Thola Arabatke kungenzeka futhi esitimeleni, okuyinto kulandzela Genichesk, Arabat Amathe noma Novoalekseevka. Ukuze noma iyiphi yalezi iziteshi, ungathatha itekisi okuzothatha enqabeni.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini Arabat emangalisayo Fortress eCrimea, kanye nokuthi yimiphi imicimbi ezenzeka kule lenqaba eminyaka.