Gorny Monastery eJerusalema: umlando, incazelo kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Idolobha lapho kutholakala khona uMsindisi bashumayela iZwi likaNkulunkulu waya esiphambanweni ngenxa yezono uhlanga lwesintu - eJerusalema kungcwele amaKristu azo zonke izinkolo. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, kube wavakashelwa pilgrim Russian nabantu abazinikezele. Bayisibonelo amathempeli ezimbalwa futhi zigodlo zakhiwa aseJerusalema. Lezi zihlanganisa Isigodlo kanye Gorny.

ein karem

Le ndawo lapho isikhungo sezindela itholakala Gorny, engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeJerusalema. Enguqulweni Russian kusukela NgesiHeberu igama lisho "umthombo amagilebhisi." Ngokwenkolelo waseBhayibhelini, ilapho, nomzala wakhe St. Elizabeth wafika uMariya, ngemva ezwa ukuthi yena wayemiselwe ukuba abe unina iNdodana kaNkulunkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-Ein karem wazalwa ioann Predtecha, indodana ka noZakariya umpristi. Ngisesekhaya e-esibelethweni sikanina, St. Elizabeth, wagxumagxuma lapho kusondela UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, ngaleyo ndlela afikelwe lokho maduze azalwe uMsindisi.

prehistory

Ngokusho besikhathi, le Monastery Gorny uvele sibonga baqaphe lwemishikashika ezincisha injabulo ka Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin).

Ekwindla ka-1869, yena wadlala aphethe komunye amalungu uMkhandlu Wombuso umbuso ngezikhali Russian futhi eyaziwa ngesikhathi inqubomgomo P. P. Melnikova. Ngesikhathi ukuhamba nge ezingomakhelwane eJerusalema Archimandrite yabonisa isivakashi sakhe isiqephu sendawo lapho sezindela Gorny namuhla yokutholwa futhi wangicela ukuba amsize ukuthenga mission Orthodox wangaphambili French Dragoman Hana Karlo Dzhelyada.

PP Melnikov lahlela ukuba ikomiti ezibuthezela imali, wafuna izinto ngenkani uyise Antonin konke ngenxa sezindela. esivulekile kubhizinisi yesihle wenza elikhulu eMoscow ifektri abanikazi Putilov futhi Polyakov, Eliseev bazalwane, abashisekeli ezidumile, kanye amaRashiya amaningi abavamile.

Kodwa okwandisa imali wayengeyena ukukhathazeka kuphela Archimandrite Antonin, njengoba emzaneni Ein karem bakhangwa Ratibsonu isithunywa sevangeli amaKatolika baqala ukuthola umhlaba lapho amasayithi, wakha indlu, esikoleni kanye esigodlweni Magnificant. abameleli babo futhi usuqalile ukuxoxisana Dzhelyadom, kodwa waba bayichezukisa ukukholelwa ukuthi athengise ngempahla yakhe kuyise Antonin.

Ngo fevrale1871, ngemva esethusayo eside ekugcineni sikhishwe incwadi ukudayiswa kusayithi Dragoman nge izindlu ezimbili futhi ensimini yase-franc 55 000. Nokho, le ndaba ayikapheli, njengoba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa Dzhelyad bafa ngenxa ubuthi. Ukubulawa ayizange ixazululwe, nakuba abantu abaningi abakubheka njengomklamo esikhundleni sakhe sezinhlanya Katolika.

Ukwakhiwa ithempeli lokuqala

Ekuqaleni, ehlobo inkonzo wenziwa etendeni wahlomisa ngokukhethekile, futhi ebusika - esakhiweni 2 storey kumishini. Kamuva, Archimandrite Antonin ukukhetha indawo ethempelini, futhi kwasuka yomklamo wokwakha. Ngokusho kwale phrojekthi, isizini ukwakhiwa 1880-1881 sika-Arabic Dzhires usonkontileka wakha ibandla futhi ithole ukusebenza napoleons 300. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena wakhokhelwa 30 igolide French for ukwakhiwa khulula emi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. Ngo-1883 ibandla ngayingcwelisa behlonipha Our Lady of Kazan.

Gorny Monastery: Umlando isisekelo

Ngokushesha ngemva ezweni laba impahla yabantwana Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, siphephelo-pilgrim lakhiwa khona. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ke kuxazululwe a izindelakazi ambalwa. Khona-ke Archimandrite Antonin kuhlelwe ukusungula wezindela engavamile Orthodox zabesifazane. Ngokwe-sisekelo eyabhalwa kuye, kwakungase kuxazululwe izindelakazi kuphela Sakwazi ukwakha insimu yayo, bekwenza ngezindleko zabo bese efakwa endlini engadini. Ngakho, esikhundleni izakhiwo evamile nge amaseli kwakukhona abesifazane isigodi esincane, egxilile zasemazweni omnqumo, alimondi kanye ezisawolintshi izihlahla.

Ngo 1898, i- isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto kunikezelwe emphakathini wendawo, isimo sezindela.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5 ku-insimu yalo Baqala ukwenza, futhi igolide-icon-Umdwebo workshop. Siyabonga kubo Gorny Sezindela eJerusalema ayisekho ezidinga imali kusuka ngaphandle.

Isiphetho Isigodlo ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

Ngo-1910, yaqala ukwakhiwa isonto elithile, okuyinto phezu isifiso wodade kwaba ukuba abazinikele e udumo zintathu Ongcwele. Ukuqaliswa kwalawa izinhlelo kuwavimbele kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ekuqaleni lapho umsebenzi kokwakhiwa kwethempeli sanqamuka.

Ngesicelo neziphathimandla yoMbuso WaseTurkey, in the ifa elalilisha ngalesosikhathi eJerusalema eziningi zasePalestina, 200 izindelakazi abahlala yesigodlo, baphoqeleka ukuba bathuthe ukuze Aleksandriya, eGibhithe. Kusuka lapho esigodlweni sezindela Gornensky bakwazi ukubuyela kuphela ngo-1918. Phambi kwamehlo abo wabonakala kahle zonakale sezindela izakhiwo ezilimele, kodwa singashi ngempela ngokushesha abuyiselwe ngenxa yemizamo 'odade.

Umlando alandelayo sezindela ekhulwini lama-20

Kusukela ngo-1920, ngenxa ukungakwazi ukuxhumana eMoscow Sabefundisi Gorny Sezindela eJerusalema njengengxenye Russian Ecclesiastical Mission bajoyine ROC kuhanjiswa phesheya. Phakathi nale nkathi, Isigodlo ixazululwe izindela eziningi owabaleka Russia, sihlaselwe yimpi yombango, ngokusebenzisa eBessarabia, futhi zayiswa leZwe Elingcwele ngokusebenzisa Serbia.

Ngo-1945 efika Palestine oNgcwele Alexy kuqala. Ukufika kwakhe kuye kwabangela ukuxabana phakathi odade, njengoba abanye kubo wanquma ukuya engaphansi YaseMoscow Sabefundisi. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuba abanike ethempelini YesiGreki Ein karem.

Phakathi nempi Arab-Israeli ehlobo lika-1948 Ein karem iqhunyiswe. Odade kwakudingeka ushiye Gorny Sezindela (umlando Isigodlo kuze kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala uvezwa ngenhla), babaleka ukuba ingxenye Palestine okungeyentatheli Jordan.

Ngemva Ezemfundo Israyeli sika

Ngo-1948 yesigodlo yanikwa iziphathimandla eMoscow Sabefundisi. Izindelakazi, ababengakholelwa ufune ukubuyela engaphansi YaseMoscow Sabefundisi, waya eLondon wasungula esigodlweni sezindela Annunciation. Enye 5 izindelakazi kuhanjiswe ku neChile, lapho ngo-1958 ngaphansi kobuholi uMbhishobhi Leonty eyasungulwa kweNyuka sezindela.

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, Isigodlo zaqala ukutheleka Gorny Orthodox izindelakazi, abesifazane namantombazane ababevela eSoviet Union. Ngokushesha bonke baba amalungu agcwele emphakathini futhi kanzima egameni leNkosi.

Ngemva kwalokho, eminyakeni Isigodlo lalilokhu nunnery kuphela amazwe eMoscow Sabefundisi.

Ngo-1987, ngokokuqala ngqá eminyakeni engu-abantu abaningi ensimini yalo egameni St Ioanna Krestitelya lanikezelwa emhumeni ethempelini.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo

Ngo-1997 kwanqunywa ukuba baqale ukwakha ka Cathedral zintathu Ongcwele. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka engu-10 futhi yaphela ngo-2007. Okthoba 28 ithempeli abazinikele e egameni All Saints Ekhazimulayo e Russian Land (ongaphakeme isikhundla).

Kamuva, ngo-November 2012, Gorny Sezindela (yasungulwa, uyazi kakade), wavakashela Umbhishobhi omkhulu moskovskiy Kirill. Yena ngikweluleke yangcwelisa lombhishobhi wakhuluma odade.

Ngoba ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo kuye kwenza ka prioress abbess sayo samanje George (Shchukin). Wamiswa ngo Gorny sezindela ngesibusiso Yobungcwele yakhe Alexy II ngo-1991. Umama ka George njengoba ingane yasinda nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad, futhi lapho yena nonina zazikade zisusiwe ku Krasnodar esifundeni, kwaba ezonini ye kweJalimane. Ngemva sizi ende, intombazane waya ezweni lakubo, futhi kamuva eminyakeni embalwa asebethathe umhlalaphansi ukuba wamanje Estonia zesifazane Orthodox Isigodlo, lapho ayehlala khona iminyaka engu-40.

Lapho u-Eva wasithatha ukuphathwa kwe abode, wabo kwakungu ziyawohloka. Engingakusho nje ukuthi izindlu izindelakazi awuzange ngisho egijima amanzi nendle izinhlelo, futhi abaningi babo zazisesimweni esibi esidala.

Gorny Monastery incazelo

Namuhla, indlu yezindela njalo siphile nodade 60. Leli thempeli eyinhloko yesigodlo iyona Church of All Saints Ekhazimulayo eZweni Russian. Iyisonto isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso Our Lady of Kazan. Right kusukela emnyango ungabona itshe engcwele, ngokwesiko lasendulo, washumayela ioann Krestitel. I imbokodo walethwa esigodlweni sezindela eJerusalema omakhelwane we "ehlane", etholakala eduze nedolobhana Ngisho-Sapir. Kukholakala ukuthi kukhona nje kokuba abulawe ngokuthi ukuba kukhululwe izono futhi balungiselele ukuza kukaMesiya wakhuluma kumaIsrayeli St Ioann Predtecha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2012 ngayingcwelisa ethempelini emhumeni esigodlweni sezindela. It is Kunikezelwa St LikaJohane uMbhapathizi (uMbhapathizi). Ngokwenkolelo yasendulo, lelibandla elincane isendaweni indawo lapho nje ngaphambi kokuzalwa Kristu, eyakha indlu yayo engcwele kaZakariya ulungile futhi Elizabeth. niches lwaso lwamatshe ehlotshiswe imifanekiso esibonisa izigcawu kusukela yokuphila kukaJohn, labo ababebhapathizwa uMsindisi emanzini oMfula iJordani.

Ensimini ka wezindela kuyinto LamaGreki Lobu-Orthodox, elakhiwa ngekhulu le-19. Ngemva kokuba ashone indelakazi owayehlala kulelibandla futhi iminyaka eminingi uye wasebenzisa ukudalwa yasezindongeni phezu kwezingange zawo, yena akuvamile ivula iminyango yayo izivakashi.

indlela wezindela ukuphila

Zonke izindelakazi, ukukhetha indawo kwenkonzo yakhe Gorny Sezindela (Ein karem), kufanele ukulalela kwabo siqu. Usuku lwabo edwetshwe iwashi:

• kusukela 5:30 kuya 9:00 inkonzo ekuseni labetibambile esigodlweni sezindela;
• kusuka 9:00 kuya 9:30 am - ibhulakufesi ekamelweni lokudlela;
• kusukela 9:30 kuya 12:30 - isikhathi ukulalela, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho izindelakazi afeze imisebenzi ukuthi wabelwe uMongameli udade yasemakhaya;
• kusukela 12:30 kuya 13:00 - Lunch;
• kusukela 13:00 kuya ku 15:00 - ukulalela;
• 15:00 kuya ku 18:00 - isevisi kusihlwa;
• kusukela 18:00 kuya 21:00 - ukulalela.

ilungu labasebenzi

Eminyakeni yamuva, abantu abaningi bafuna ukuba uchithe isikhathi esithile sokuphila kwakhe ukuba nikhonze iNkosi. Kuze kube yimanje, ziya Isigodlo, funa ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo yabo insindiso umphefumulo futhi lokho okushiwo ukuba khona komuntu emhlabathini.

Ngo amakholwa ethile, abesifazane namantombazane bangaba trudnitsami Gorny Sezindela izinyanga ezintathu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uthole visa yokuba izivakashi ku-Israyeli, kanye nesibusiso zompristi kanye izincomo esontweni, lapho ngokuvamile khona.

Kanjani ukuze uthole esigodlweni sezindela

Umbuzo oyinhloko ukuthi unentshisekelo labo abafuna ukubona Gorny Sezindela: kanjani lapho evela eJerusalema? Lena elula ukwenza ngenombolo ibhasi 19 kanye nenombolo 27 (sebhasi "Hadassah Hospital"). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ibhasi main angaya khona, usebenzisa tram lokuqala № 1, bese ibhasi № 28.

Manje uyazi ukuthi hlobo luni indaba has Gorny Sezindela. Kanjani lapho, nani nazi, futhi ungavakashela uma uzithola eJerusalema ufuna ukuvakashela izindawo ezihambisana ne izimpilo zasemhlabeni Virgin.