Yini nogologo engu-12 yokuguga kangcono?

Whisky noma Scotch ingenye imimoya ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. iphunga layo futhi ukunambitheka zidalwe usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene yokukhiqiza izinqubo, okuyinto nomphumela siphuze, ngoba lapho abantu bezimisele ukukhokha imali eningi. It ikhiqizwa izitshalo ezifana rye, ibhali, ummbila, ukolo ngisho nokunye okufana nokolweni. Lokhu amandla isiphuzo ingase ihluke 32 ku-50%. Ngokwesiko, ke ikhiqizwa Ireland neScotland.

Umlando isiphuzo

waba okokuqala wenza kuphi lesi siphuzo goryachitelny? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ayitholakali, kodwa i-Ireland neScotland bazibheka njengabangaphansi okwazalelwa kuyo nogologo bephikisana bodwa ngokuthi ngubani kuqala kulokhu. Scots uyifune bafaka enqubeni sokuqala amagilebhisi ngoba ibhali. Isiphuzo okuholela babiza "amanzi okuphila". Kodwa Irish uthi nomvikeli wabo, Saint Patrick, owasungula le iresiphi futhi baqala ukulungiselela lo nogologo nje kubo esiqhingini. ekukhiqizweni kwaqala ngo scotch zezindela Scottish, lalisetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Kodwa abalimi abaye bamukela okwenzeka izindela eseqala ukuveza ukudayiswa. Lokhu siphuzo njenge-phisa, akunakwenzeka ukuma, uphuze ngokushesha ngemva ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Esikhathini XIX cottage umkhakha ekhulwini akahambe ezingeni elilandelayo ngokufaka Coffey, okwasiza ukwandisa umthamo komkhiqizo ekhiqizwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukukhiqizwa yezimboni kwalo mkhiqizo, kukhona amafemu ukuthi ngokukhethekile kuphela ukukhiqizwa yayo. Esikhathini sethu, Scottish futhi Scotch Irish zibhekwa kakhulu. Whisky engu-12 yokuguga bubaluleke emhlabeni wonke.

Izinhlobo "amanzi okuphila"

Kukhona ezifana ngezigaba nogologo:

1. Malt - senziwa kuphela kusuka lwemithombo ibhali, ngaphandle amanyela. ke naye ehlukene e kukufake:

• lwemithombo (ekhiqizwa yi-distillery efanayo);
• cask Single (whiskey, esithathelwe omunye umgqomo);
• Ikota cask (Phuza kuphela kusukela emgqonyeni wenza oki American nokuba usayizi encane);
• lwemithombo Vatted (ngethephu enamathelayo nenye Distilleries ezahlukene).

2. Grain - ukuthi cishe yonke enziwe whiskey, ingxenye encane kuphela uya isendalini at okudayisa. Lolu hlobo ngaphandle izithasiselo has cishe akukho ukunambitheka. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengoba izinto zezimboni eluhlaza ukwenziwa nezinye izinhlobo isiphuzo.

3. ezixutshiwe - isiphuzo, okuyinto etholakala ngokuxuba (ukuxuba) lwemithombo futhi wokudla zinhlobo tape. 90% ukukhiqizwa Imininingwane zaba ngu zalolu hlobo. Uma okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu lwemithombo, lesi siphuzo has isimo "Lux".

4. "Bourbon" - iresiphi American, okubandakanya ukukhiqiza kagavini kusuka corn, futhi ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile.

yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe

Ukukhiqizwa lesi siphuzo uhlukaniswe izigaba njengoba:

1. Ukulungiselela zebhali lwemithombo - kulesigaba, ibhali icutshungulwe. isidingo sakhe ukuhlunga, ihlanzekile futhi yomile. Ngemva kwalokho, ubizwa ofakwe bese zisakazwa phansi izitshalo Malting kuze kufike izinsuku ezingu-10. Lapho amahlumela okusanhlamvu, lithunyelwa for omiswe. Njengoba kuvela lwemithombo. Okusanhlamvu-non-imila ukwenza okusanhlamvu nogologo.

2. Omiswe - inqubo iphele sokwenza imithombo, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-umusi ashisayo kusukela amandla omlilo wamalahle, Peat noma beech izinkuni shavings. Njengoba kuvela, "yathunqa umusi amabele." Lesi sinyathelo isetshenziswa kuphela eScotland, onikeza ukunambitheka scotch kusukela kule ngxenye UK.

3. wort Production - omisiwe lwemithombo iguqulwe ibe ufulawa enyakaza emanzini. Le nhlanganisela is bavikela amahora 8-12.

4. Ukuvutshelwa, noma ukuvutshelwa - uma inhlama is selehlile, imvubelo sengezwe ngifake endaweni efudumele (35-37 degrees) izinsuku ezimbili. Amandla yalesi siphuzo okuholela ifinyelela 5%.

5. ziphuzo zazihluzwa - 5% isiphuzo esinamandla kabili noma kathathu. Ngemva ziphuzo zazihluzwa lokuqala, uketshezi inqaba 25-30%, ngemva wesibili - 70%. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa eminye kuphela ukuthatha isiphuzo yiwo ogelezela maphakathi inqubo ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Ukuma apharathasi ziphuzo zazihluzwa uhlukile distillery ngamunye, njengoba lokhu unomthelela kakhulu ukunambitheka nogologo. I isiphuzo okuholela buhlanjululwe ngamanzi, futhi amandla awo kuyehla kube 50-64%.

6. Exposure - nogologo Yimani oki imiphongolo. Uma lokhu esekhonjwe sherry livela eSpain, etholwe isiphuzo izinga. Kodwa ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa futhi American oki imiphongolo, elalihlala "Bourbon".

7. Ukuxuba - Lesi sigaba sisetshenziswa tape okuxubile. Khona-ke babe munye lwemithombo nokusanhlamvu whiskeys elilodwa babe ntshashintshe yokuchayeka (kusukela eminyakeni emi-3). Ngemva kwalokho, basuke egcinwe izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kule nkathi incike izindleko isiphuzo, uma amasonto ambalwa nje, kuba ezishibhile, uma izinyanga 6-8 - ephezulu isiphuzo ezibizayo.

8. bottling - supernatant yotshwala ehlungiwe ngosizo iphepha ulwelwesi. Izinga lokushisa kufanele ibe uhla 2-10 degrees. Ngemva leteyipu buhlanjululwe ngamanzi ethathwe emithonjeni yemvelo. Uma indlela yokwakheka kuhlanganisa nenye nogologo engu-12 yokuguga, yengezwe igama layo De india, okungukuthi, kuba esezingeni isiphuzo.

ukukhuthazela eside

Ngo 1860, kwakhishwa umthetho okhishwe eScotland, lapho sasithi utshwala kumele igcinwe okungenani iminyaka engu-3. Uma lwemithombo scotch asakhelwanga kwendingilizi, ke inakekelwa ephakathi kwengu-5 kuya ku-20. Whisky engu-12 yokuguga libhekisela izinhlobonhlobo yokuqala, 21 - ukuze ngalendoda. Izinhlobonhlobo eziyivelakancane zigcinwa imiphongolo kuze kube iminyaka engu-50. E-Ireland, i-eside obujwayelekile iminyaka 5, e-Canada - 6.

Whisky "Chivas Regal"

Lokhu womkhiqizo imakethwa okunethezeka utshwala eScotland. Abasunguli be-inkampani "Chivas" izelamani ezimbili, uJohn Dzheyms Chivasy emuva 1801. Babecabanga ukuthi eScotland akukho whiskey, okwakuyoholela bakwazi ukuba isimo elite. Ngakho, banquma ukuba mathupha ukudala brand isiphuzo. Tape okudalwe ungiphathe kahle kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha wathandana zonke izikhulu yeScotland. Kodwa abafowethu abazange bayeke. Isinyathelo Kulandelwe kwaba ukudalwa eside ukuchayeka nogologo nokuthengiswa US. Le brand owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi Chivas Regal 25, futhi ngokushesha ngilinqobile American emakethe. Kodwa ngo-1920, kube laqanjwa e-US umthetho ezomile, okuyinto kuphazamisekile ukuhweba. Ngemuva kokukhansela yayo inkampani wabuyela emakethe ngaphansi brand Chivas Regal 12. Esikhathini sethu, "Chivas Regal" ethengisa isiphuzo ebona kuphela. Wakhe ukuchayeka eside - kusukela engu-12 kuya ku-21. Whisky "Chivas" is abaneminyaka engu-12 e izimo ezikhethekile, futhi ithandwa kakhulu. Nesishiyagalombili itheyiphu yadalwa 1997 nge Colin UScott ukhishwa kweqembu imiklomelo kanye izindondo ngekhwalithi. engu-Twenty abaneminyaka 21, wayeklanyelwe ngo-1953 ngqo wokugcotshwa Elizabeth II. Kodwa namanje whiskey "Regal" engu-12 ukuguga wathenga up ngokuzithandela nakakhulu ngenxa amanani aphansi futhi eliphezulu.

Whisky "Macallan"

Lokhu isiphuzo senziwa endaweni eMfuleni Spey eScotland, okuyinto idume Distilleries yayo emhlabeni. Lokhu nogologo eliphezulu, ke siyagcinwa emiphongolweni sherry. Sici Its esiwuphawu kuyinto ziphuzo zazihluzwa mithathu, kuyilapho indinganiso isetshenziswa 2 emathangeni. Umsunguli wale nkampani kuyinto Aleksandr ukuqeda, ngubani ngo-1824 bathola ilayisensi futhi ngavula distillery yakhe. Eminyakeni eyalandela, waba umhlengile abantu ezahlukene yangasese kanye zomthetho. Eminyakeni 50 kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, I Macallan iqala ukupakisha umkhiqizo wawo e amabhodlela. Umkhawulo isitoreji isikhathi ngalesi luhlobo - iminyaka engu-30, kodwa whiskey "Macallan" engu-12 yokuguga ithandwa kakhulu futhi bethandwa emhlabeni wonke.

Whisky "Aberfeldy"

Edolobhaneni elincane, esemgwaqweni ezintabeni Grampian eScotland, ukudala omunye whiskeys edume kunazo zonke. It has a ehlukile egqamile, iphunga elinamandla futhi ukunambitheka, okuyinto nakanjani kwenza kube ivelele phakathi kwabo bonke abanye. Ukukhululwa yokuqala whiskey "Aberfeldy" Dewar abafowethu baqala e 1898. Ekuqaleni babehlele ukukhiqiza lwemithombo njalo, kodwa ke senginquma ukwenza owodwa lwemithombo nogologo. Lokhu isiphuzo wawuyisikhungo isisekelo nezinye brand, kodwa kusukela 1988 sha yasekuqaleni lusebenza ku ngokwabo kuphela. Whisky "Aberfeldy" engu-12 kanye neminyaka engu-ukuguga 20 uye ngilinqobile izwe. Phela, ngalesi distillery ozama ukubaleka yesimanje ukukhiqiza izimpahla aphuze ngumuntu ubuchwepheshe bendabuko usebenzisa Amanzi avela emithonjeni engu ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala ezintabeni kuphela.

Whisky "Glenfiddik"

Lokhu nogologo Scotch (noma tape) senziwa endaweni FIDIC River, eduze kwalapho Daftaun edolobheni. Lapha-ke kuveza kuphela lwemithombo izinhlobo eyodwa lesi siphuzo. Sha yadalwa ngo-1887 uWilliam Grant. Yena nomkhaya wakhe babakhe distillery wawuqamba ngemva esigodini lapho yakhiwa. Kuze kube namuhla, nezingane zabazukulu uWilliam ngidle leli ukukhiqizwa. Ngo-1957, i-whiskey waqala uthele ibhodlela eziyingqayizivele ukuma esingunxantathu. Imikhiqizo yalesi distillery ihlukaniswe uhlelo zakudala we-premium ububanzi futhi kulinganiselwe. Okuvame kakhulu kagavini - "Glenfiddik" engu-12 yokuguga - libhekisela yakudala. Lihlanganisa iziphuzo lapho zigcinwa at 15 no-18 iminyaka. isiphuzo ezixutshiwe abaneminyaka 21 no-30, kungagcini - engu-40 no-50.

Whisky "Balvenie"

Enye inkampani kusukela esigodini somfula Spey, eScotland. Kwatholakala e 1892 ngokufanayo uWilliam Nika futhi wathola igama enqabeni, esemgwaqweni eduze. Egumbini, wayemi isiphuzo sakhe, Esitezi kwaba esitolo Malting sebhali egcinwe yesibili, okuyinto Simila esifundeni. Ngo-1973, i-brand "Balvenie" waqala ukuveza nogologo asemabhodleleni. It ihlukaniswe yaba njalo futhi kulinganiselwe. Whisky "Balvenie" engu-12 yokuguga iphathelene kokubili kuqala futhi uhlobo lwesibili. Konke kuncike ekutheni, kulokho yena wema imiphongolo.

ukusetshenziswa

Scots Irish futhi ube amasiko lemilayo yabo leyabanye e ukusetshenziswa nogologo. ke Okokuqala neze buhlanjululwe, kanti eyesibili ezinhlanu ubambe ekhethekile isiko «S»: bheka, iphunga, unambithe, ironed yeduna amanzi. Bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzosiza ukuzwa ngokugcwele zonke ukunambitheka likagologo ukujabulela esiphezulu kuyo. Whisky engu-12 yokuguga sithandwa kakhulu futhi baziswa kulezi zingxenye. Kuyinto izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuthenga yayo ngisho umzamo ngesabelomali umndeni.

Ngakho, i-whiskey - kuba isiphuzo nge ukunambitheka esiyingqayizivele futhi zokuhogela ezenza wathandwa izinhliziyo izigidi zabantu. Izwe lakubo kubhekwa Scotland nase-Ireland. Gcina ukuphuziswa engu-3 kuya ku-50, yini enquma izinga layo kanye intengo. Whisky engu-12 yokuguga iyona owande kakhulu lesi siphuzo.