Iyini i-violin? Isakhiwo nemisebenzi ye-violin

I-violin iyithuluzi eliye laba nomthelela omkhulu kumculo. Kwakusetshenziswe kakhulu emisebenzini ye-classical, lapho umsindo wayo ozwakalayo weza khona. Ubuciko bomdabu futhi buqaphele le nsimbi enhle, nakuba ibonakala kungekudala, kodwa yakwazi ukuthatha indawo yayo kumculo wesintu. I-violin iqhathaniswa nezwi lomuntu, njengoba umsindo wayo uwuketshezi futhi uhlukile. Ukuma kwalo kufana nesithombe sesifazane, okwenza leli thuluzi liphile futhi liphilile. Namuhla, akuwona wonke umuntu ongacabanga ukuthi i-violin iyini. Ake silungise lesi simo esicasulayo.

Umlando wokubukeka kwe-violin

Ukubukeka kwe-violin kungenxa yezinsimbi eziningi zobuhlanga, ngasinye esithintekayo kuso. Phakathi kwabo omunye angakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-krott yaseBrithani, i-bambir yase-Armenia kanye ne-Arab rebab. Ukwakhiwa kwe-violin akuyona into entsha, abantu abaningi baseMpumalanga baye basebenzisa lezo zinsimbi iminyaka eminingi, benza umculo womculo kubo kuze kube yilolu suku. I-viola yathola ifomu layo lamanje ekhulwini le-16, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwalo kuhlanganiswa, amakhosi amakhulu adala amathuluzi ayingqayizivele aqala ukuvela. Ngokuyinhloko abaningi bezobuciko babekhona e-Italy, lapho amasiko okudala i-violins asaphila.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-XVII, ukudlala i-violin kwaqala ukuthola ifomu lesimanje. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona izingoma ezivame ukubhekwa njengezinto zokuqala ezibhalwa ngokuqondile kule nsimbi emnene. Lokhu kuyi-Romanesca nge-violino solo e basso, eyakhiwe yi-Biagio Marini neCapriccio stravagante, eyabhalwa nguCarlo Farina. Eminyakeni elandelayo abaphathi be-violin baqala ukubonakala njengamakhowe emva kwemvula. Ikakhulukazi kulokhu, i-Italy yazihlukanisa ngokwayo, eyabangela inqwaba enkulu yezidakamizwa ezinkulu.

Indlela i-violin ehlelwe ngayo

Ukumemeza okuphansi nokujulile kwe-violin kwakungenxa yokuklama kwayo okuyingqayizivele. Ingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko - ikhanda, intamo nomzimba. Ukuphelele kwale mininingwane kuvumela insimbi ukushicilela lezo zomsindo ezithakazelisayo eziye zaletha udumo emhlabeni wonke. Ingxenye enkulu ye-violin ingumzimba, lapho yonke imininingwane ehlanganisiwe nayo. Iqukethe izinsika ezimbili, ezixhunywe ngamagobolondo. Izitsha zokukhiqiza ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni ukufeza umsindo omsulwa kakhulu futhi omuhle kakhulu. Ingxenye ephezulu ngokuvamile iyenziwa nge-spruce, futhi engxenyeni engezansi usebenzisa i- maple, yavor noma i-poplar.

Ngesikhathi udlala i-violin, ipulatifomu eliphezulu lihlaziya nayo yonke into, ukudala umsindo. Ukuze kube khona ukuphila nokukhala, kwenziwa njengomzimba omncane ngangokunokwenzeka. On master ezibizayo violin ubukhulu of the emgodini phezulu kungaba kuphela amamitha ambalwa nje. Iphakeji elingaphansi livame ukwedlula futhi linamandla kuneqophelo eliphezulu, futhi umuthi owenziwe kuwo ukhethwe ukuze uhambelane namagobolondo axhuma bobabili ama-cock.

Ama-Shells nabathandekayo

Ama-Shells ayizinhlangothi ze-violin phakathi kwama-top and downcks. Zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo njengendawo yokugcina ephansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile lezi zingxenye zisebenzisa izinkuni ezivela emthini ofanayo, ezikhethwe ngokucophelela ngokuthungwa kanye nephethini. Lo mklamo ubamba hhayi kuphela ku-glue, kodwa futhi kumaphethini amancane, ukwandisa amandla awo. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-clowns futhi zingaphakathi kwendawo. Kanti futhi ngaphakathi kukhona ibhamshini ye-bass, ehambisa ukudlidliza emzimbeni futhi yanezela ukuqina okungaphezulu emgodini ophezulu.

Emzimbeni we-violin kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cutouts ngesimo sencwadi yesiLatin f, ebizwa nge-efami. Akukude nokunqunywa kwesokudla kungenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zensimbi - umlingani. Leli bhande elincane lezinkuni, elikhonza njengecala phakathi kwezingodo eziphezulu kanye nezansi nokudlulisa ukudlidliza. Umphefumulo ubizwa ngegama elithi "umphefumulo", okhomba ngokubaluleka kwale mininingwane emincane. Abaphathi baqaphele ukuthi isikhundla, ubukhulu kanye nezinto ezithintekayo zithinta kakhulu umsindo wensimbi. Ngakho-ke, kuphela umenzi we-violin onolwazi ongathola kahle le nto encane, kodwa ebalulekile yecala.

Umnikazi wensiza

Indaba mayelana ne-violin kanye nokwakhiwa kwayo ngeke iphelele, uma ungakhulumi into ebalulekile njengomnikazi wezintambo, noma isichazamazwi. Kwakujwayele ukudwetshwa ngamapulangwe, kodwa namuhla ipulasitiki iyaqhubeka isetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso. Umnikazi wezintambo olungisa izintambo ngokuphakama okulungile. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi kukhona imishini eyenza ukusetha ithuluzi kube lula kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba zibukeke, i-violin yayilungiswe kuphela ngezikhonkwane, okuyinto okunzima kakhulu ukuyenza kahle.

Ubamba i-sub-tag ebhokisini efakwe emgodini emzimbeni ovela ohlangothini olubhekene nentamo. Lo mklamo uhlale uhlangabezana nomthwalo ojulile, ukuze imbobo kufanele ihambe kahle kunenkinobho. Uma kungenjalo, igobolondo lingase liqhekeke, iphendule i-violin ibe yingxenye engenalusizo lwokhuni.

Griffin

Ingxenyeni yangaphambili yecala ifakwe entanyeni ye-violin, ngaphansi kwesandla somculi phakathi nomdlalo. Intamo ifakwe entanyeni - indawo ebanzi yezinkuni noma ipulasitiki, lapho kuqhutshwa khona izintambo. Ifomu layo licatshangelwe ukuze izintambo zingaphazanyane lapho zidlala. Kulokhu, kusiza ukuma, ukuphakamisa izintambo phezu kwentamo. Esimeni kwenziwa ama-slits for the strings, ongakwenza ngokwakho, ukunambitheka kwakho, njengoba izitsha ezintsha zithengiswa ngaphandle kwama-slits.

Futhi, i-striae yezintambo zikhona egumbini eliphezulu. Kusemkhawulweni wentamo futhi uhlukanisa izintambo zomunye nomunye ngaphambi kokuba bangene ebhokisini le-tin. Iqukethe izikhonkwane, ezisebenza njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokulungisa i-violin. Bavele bafakwe emigodini yamapulangwe futhi abahleli. Ngenxa yalokhu umculi angakwazi ukulungisa ukushaywa kwezikhonkwane ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zakhe. Ungabenza babe nzima futhi bangabonakali, becindezela kancane ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Noma ngokuphambene, phuma izikhonkwane, ukuze zihambe kalula, kodwa gcina uhlelo lubi nakakhulu.

Izintambo

Iyini i-violin ngaphandle kwemicu? Ingcezu enhle, kodwa engenalusizo, efanele kuphela izipikili. Izinsimbi ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yensimbi, ngoba umsindo wabo uncike kakhulu kubo. Okubaluleke kakhulu indima yendaba okuvela kuyo leyo ngxenye encane kodwa ebalulekile ye-violin. Njengakho konke okunye emhlabeni wethu, izintambo zikhula futhi zithatha izipho ezinhle kakhulu zenkathi ye technogenic. Noma kunjalo, izinto zabo zangempela kunzima ukubiza ucingo oluphezulu.

Okumangalisa ukuthi, kodwa ama-guts ama-guts yilokho i-violin yomculo yasendulo idinga umsindo wayo wethenda. Zomile, zicutshungwe futhi zivalwe zinyathelwe ukuze zithole uchungechunge. AbakwaMasters bakwazi ukugcina isikhathi eside isikhathi eside izinto ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izintambo. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-guts yezimvu inikeze umsindo ophansi kakhulu, kodwa ngokushesha ugugile futhi udinga ukulungiswa njalo. Namuhla ungathola izintambo ezifanayo, kodwa izinto zanamuhla zithandwa kakhulu.

Izintambo zanamuhla

Namuhla, amathumbu ezimvu ayasetshenziswa abanikazi bawo, ngoba izintambo zezinyosi azivame ukusetshenziswa. Bashintshwa yimikhiqizo ye-high-tech nezakhi zokwenziwa. Izintambo zomculo zizwakala eduze kwabaningi abandulele ngaphambili. Futhi banomsindo omnene futhi ofudumayo, kodwa abanakho ukuphazamiseka okwenziwa "osebenza nabo" bemvelo.

Olunye uhlobo lwezintambo - zensimbi, ezenziwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zensimbi ezingenalutho neziyigugu, kodwa ngokuvamile ezivela ema-alloys azo. Zizwakala ziqhakazile futhi zinomusa, kodwa zilahlekelwa ngokuzithoba nokujula. Izintambo ezinjalo zifanelekile emisebenzini eminingi yama-classic, lapho kudingeke khona ukuhlanzeka nokukhanya komsindo. Futhi bagcina uhlelo lude futhi luhlala luqinile ngokwanele.

I-Violin. Indlela ende

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi i-violin isithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ikakhulukazi ekhazimulisiwe le nsimbi emangalisayo ngumculo we-classic. I-violin ingakhanyisa noma yimuphi umsebenzi, abakhiqizi abaningi banikeze indima ehamba phambili emisebenzini yabo yobuciko. Wonke umuntu uyazi imisebenzi engapheli kaMozart noma uVivaldi, lapho kunakekelwa kakhulu kule nsimbi enhle kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-violin yaba yinkomba yesikhathi esedlule, inkatho yendilinga encane yabachwepheshe noma abaculi. Umsindo we-elekthronikhi ushintshiwe le nsimbi kusuka kumculo othandwa Imisindo egelezayo ehambayo ishiywe, ihlinzeka indlela yokushaya ibutho elinamandla futhi elidala.

Amanothi amasha we-violin ayevame ukubhalwa kuphela ukuba ahambisane namafilimu, izingoma ezintsha zale nsimbi zazivela kuphela kubadlali bezingoma, kodwa umsindo wabo wawunomusa kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba namaqembu amaningi enza umculo wamanje nge-violin. Izilaleli zazikhathele ngothando oluthandekayo-njengemilomo yenye inkanyezi yama-pop, evula inhliziyo yakhe umculo womculo ojulile.

Violin fox

Indaba emnandi ibeka i-violin engoma yomculi odumile - Igor Sarukhanov. Ngelinye ilanga wabhala ingoma ayehlela ukuyibiza ngokuthi "The Scrape of the Wheel." Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi waba yinto ecacile futhi engaqondakali. Ngakho-ke, umbhali wanquma ukuyibiza ngokuhambisana namazwi, okumele agcizelele umkhathi wengoma. Kuze kube manje kwizimpi ezinamandla ze-intanethi eziphathelene negama lalokubunjwa kwenziwa. Kodwa umlobi wengoma, u-Igor Sarukhanov, uthini ngalokhu? I-violin-fox yigama langempela le ngoma, njengoba umculi eqinisekisa. I-Irony ingumqondo othakazelisayo, owakhelwe emdlalweni wamagama, kuphela umenzi ohlakaniphile owaziyo.

Ingabe kufanele ngifunde ukudlala i-violin?

Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi abantu abaningi bafuna ukuthola leli thuluzi elimangalisayo, kodwa baphonsa lo mbono, futhi bangaqali ukuwusebenzisa. Ngesizathu esithile, kukholakala ukuthi ukufunda ukudlala i-violin kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Phela, ayinayo i-frets, futhi ngisho nalokhu mnsalo, okumele kube ukuqhubeka kwesandla. Yiqiniso, kulula ukuqala ukufundela umculo kumgigasi noma upiyano, kodwa ukuqonda ubuciko bokudlala i-violin kunzima kakhulu ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, lapho amakhono ayisisekelo ehlelwe kahle, inqubo yokufunda iba ngokufana nanoma iyiphi enye into. I-violin ivula indlebe enhle, ngoba ayinayo i-frets. Lokhu kuzoba usizo oluhle ekuqhutshweni okuqhubekayo komculo.

Uma usuvele wazi ukuthi i-violin iyini, futhi unqume ukuqonda le nsimbi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi bangamasayizi ahlukene. Ezinganeni, izinhlobo ezincane zikhethiwe - 3/4 noma 2/4. Umuntu omdala udinga i-violin ejwayelekile - 4/4. Ngokwemvelo, udinga ukuqala amakilasi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa komeluleki owaziwa, ngoba kunzima ukufunda ngokuzimela. Kulabo abafisa ukuzama inhlanhla ekuthuthukiseni okuzimele kwalolu thuluzi, izincwadi eziningi zezifundo zenzelwe zonke izintandokazi.

Ithuluzi eliyingqayizivele lomculo

Namhlanje ufunde lokho i-violin. Kuvela ukuthi akusilo insali yama-archaic yesikhathi esedlule, lapho kungenzeka khona ukwenza izigaba kuphela. Ama-Violinist asaqhubeka, amaqembu amaningi aqala ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi emsebenzini wabo. I-violin itholakala emisebenzini eminingi yokubhala, ikakhulukazi izincwadi zezingane. Isibonelo, "Fenina violin" Kuznetsova, ethandwa izingane eziningi ngisho nabazali babo. I-violinist enhle ingadlala kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomculo, kusukela ensimbi enamandla ukuya pop. Kungathiwa ngokuphepha ukuthi i-violin izoba khona uma nje kukhona umculo.