Ngabe u-Tchaikovsky ubhala mangaki amacythoni? Akukona okuncane noma okuncane, kodwa abaningi abayisikhombisa. Futhi konke - bayiziqhafaza

UPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ungumqambi waseRussia wekhulu le-19. Umculo wakhe ubhekene nokucebile okuyingqayizivele, okuthandana nokuthandana komculo. Ngenxa yePI Tchaikovsky, ubuciko bomculo baseRussia bafinyelela ezindaweni ezingakaze zenziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi eyenziwe ngumqambi iyatholakala futhi iyaqondakala kubalaleli emhlabeni wonke.

UP. Tchaikovsky ungabhekwa njengomunye wabasunguli be-symphony yaseRussia. Ngaphambi kokuba uPeter Ilyich kuphela amacymphonies ka-NA Rimsky-Korsakov no-AG Rubinshtein baziwa. Ngabe u-Tchaikovsky ubhala mangaki amacythoni? Esigabeni somqambi kunemisebenzi eyisikhombisa efanayo. Ake siwahlole ngokuningiliziwe.

I-Symphony No. 1 "Amaphupho Ebusika"

Le symphony yadalwa nguPI Tchaikovsky ngemuva kokuphothula i-Conservatoire eSt. Petersburg (1866). Isiqu sejela sasingalindelanga ukuthi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva ababukeli bomsebenzi wakhe babeyokhamuluka: "Zingaki izinkomba zomculo ezabhalwa nguTchaikovsky!" Futhi hlobo luni! "

"Emaphupho Ephuzi" umlobi wabonisa umbono wakhe wokucabangela isimo somhlaba wakubo. I-symphony iqukethe izingxenye ezine: "Amaphupho emgwaqweni wasebusika", "Umphetho onobuhlungu, onqenqemeni omile", "Scherzo" no "Final". Ingxenye yokuqala neyesibili ibonisa imicabango, izinkumbulo zomuntu ohamba ebusika. Umhambi ugijimane nakho okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uyazisa ubuhle bendawo yasebusika.

Ingxenye yesithathu yalesi siqephu ifana ne-lyric waltz. Abalaleli bahlangene ne-home cosiness, ukufudumala kwekhaya, njengokungathi othile kusuka ekhaya noma izivakashi udlala umculo. Ukwenza ingxenye yesine ye symphony, uPI Tchaikovsky wasebenzisa izingoma zomculo, ngakho-ke ezingqondweni zomlaleli kukhona izithombe ezihlobene nokuphila kanye nokuphila kwabasimilayo.

I-Symphony No. 2

Umsebenzi wabhalwa emva kohambo lomqambi e-Ukraine, ngakho-ke i-symphonies ilandelela ngokucacile izisusa zezingoma zabantu base-Ukraine. Ukusebenza ku-symphony kwaqedwa umbhali ngo-1872, kodwa wabona ukukhanya kuphela ngo-1879.

I-symphony yesibili nayo iqukethe izingxenye ezine. Engxenyeni yokuqala, ingoma yomculo othi "Umama Ophansi, Ku-Volga" ezwakalayo ngesiNgisi. Ingxenye yesibili ifaka ama-mar tunes. UPi Tchaikovsky naye wazama ukudlulisela umsindo wezinsimbi zomculo (izimpondo, amapayipi, i-balalaika ne-domra).

Ingxenye yesithathu nesine ye-symphony - inhlanganisela yezingoma ezimnandi, zomculo neziqhenyayo kanye nayo yonke ingoma efanayo ye-Ukraine, kuhlanganise namahlaya ama-buffon nama-giggles.

I-symphony yesibili ye-PI Tchaikovsky ibizwa ngokuthi inkondlo yomculo elandisa ngokuphila kwabantu base-Ukraine.

I-Symphony No. 3

Ngokungafani nezinye izingoma zomculo zomqambi, i-symphony yesithathu (1875) ibhalwe ngokuyinhloko futhi iqukethe izingxenye ezinhlanu. Isofthiwe ngaleyo ndlela ayitholakali, izithombe zomculo, kusukela ekulileni nasekudabukeleni, kuya ekushintsheni okuthakazelisayo nokukhanya. Ama-dance motifs (i-walt, i-polonaise) ingalandelwa. Umsebenzi uphela nge-apotheosis enkulu.

I-Symphony No. 4

I-symphony yesine (1877) yadalwa ngaphansi kwethembiso yezenzakalo ezimbi ezenzeka kokubili empilweni yomuntu siqu womqambi naseMbusweni waseRussia. U-P. Tchaikovsky wayengenelisekile ngomshado wakhe, ngakho wabaleka kumkakhe ozondwa ePetersburg. Futhi nakuba yonke into yayithuthuka kancane kancane, okokuqala kwakungelula. Izenzakalo zikaPeter Ilyich ezilimale kakhulu empi yeRussia-Turkish, ukufa kwabantu basekhaya empi. Uma umqambi "ephukile," impendulo yombuzo wokuthi zingaki izingoma zomculo iTchaikovsky abhala namuhla zingase zizwakale zihlukile.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaPI uTchaikovsky kwakunomsebenzi wakhe. I-Symphony No. 4 ibonisa umhlaba wangaphakathi womuntu olwa nezimo ezingenakuhle empilweni yakhe. Idwala lingenakuphuza, kodwa ukuzama ukushintsha i-destiny akumeli. Kubonakala sengathi ukukhanya sekuzophela, kodwa ... isiphetho asiqedi ... Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiphelo se-symphony sinethemba elikhulu. Kuhle konke okufanayo ukunqoba okubi.

UManfred Symphony

Lo msebenzi wabhalwa ngo-1885 ngesisekelo senkondlo ye-eponymous inkondlo kaJ. J. Gordon Byron. Lapho ezama ukucacisa ukuthi zingaki izingoma zomculo uTchaikovsky abhala, lesi sivunguvungu ngezinye izikhathi sikhohliwe. Mhlawumbe, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi uhlelwe futhi awufakiwe ohlwini lwezinombolo zomculo womqambi. Umlingisi oyinhloko - uManfred olwaphulwa - uhlushwa uthando lokuHlola, okuyinto yena ngokwakhe elahlekile. Ukuthukuthela nokuphelelwa yithemba kuholela ekuqinisweni ukuthi usebenzisana nemibutho emnyama, kodwa angamsizi lowo ohluphekayo akhohlwe othandekayo wakhe.

Umbuso kaManfred ubonakala engxenyeni yokuqala. Imifanekiso ehlukehlukeneyo i-juxtaposed: idlulile, eliqhakazile elidlule futhi eligcwele usizi nokuphelelwa ithemba. Engxenyeni yesibili, umlingisi oyinhloko uyifeya yase-Alpine. Ivela emthonjeni wamanzi. I-melody ezwakalayo ifana ne-splash yamanzi. Lezi zihloko zivela ezikhanyayo, ezidlalwayo (isithombe sefeya) ezidabukisayo nezimbi (izinkumbulo ezinzima zikaManfred).

Engxenyeni yesithathu, "uMfundisi" utshelwe ngabakhileyo bezwe elisezintabeni. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walaba bantu ukuzaliswa kwezinkomo. Abelusi nabafana abanamakhanda, nakuba bengabaningi, baneliseke kakhulu ngokuphila kwabo okulula. Bengazi ukuthi zingaki izingoma zomculo iTchaikovsky, ngoba zilalela umculo owakhiwe ngabalingani babo abanolwazi. Umculo kule ngxenye ufana nezimbongolo zomalusi.

Ekugcineni, umoya ovuthayo we-Astrata uthethelela umbulali. Isihloko sokugcina yi-Bacchanalia, iSabbat yeMifula Emnyama. Ekupheleni kwe-symphony, i-chorale ekhanyisiwe izwakala njengophawu lokuthethelela nokuthi "U-Dies irae" (Usuku Lomsindo) - isikhumbuzo sekhotho elibi.

Esikhathini sayo, uManfred uhambelana kahle ne-symphony. Ngakho-ke, ucabanga ukuthi zingaki izingoma zomculo uTchaikovsky abhala, omunye kufanele acabangele lo msebenzi futhi.

I-Symphony No. 5

Ngomculo wesihlanu we-symphony (1888) ukuboniswa okukhona komqambi kubonakala. I-Symphony No. 5 yadalwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezincwadi zikaLeos Tolstoy. Ngemuva kokufunda indaba ye-Leo Nikolayevich's Confession kanye nenkulumo yenkolo nefilosofi "Ukholo lwami?" Umqambi waphetha ngokuthi imicabango, imizwa nezenzo zabantu zisekelwe ekumesabeni ukufa.

Njengowesine, i-Symphony No. 5 ihlanganisa isihloko sekusasa, kodwa ngezinguqulo ezahlukene zobuciko. Ingxenye yokuqala iqala ngemakethe emngcwabo, khona-ke umdanso womculo uzimisele ngokwengeziwe. Kancane kancane, lezi zithombe ezibuhlungu zishintshwa ngokukhathazeka futhi zithinta umsindo.

I-Lyrism iyisici sezingxenye zesibini nesithathu zesimiso, futhi ekugcineni isihloko sedwala sizwakala futhi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuhlala imfihlakalo ngubani owatholile: umuntu noma ikusasa?

I-Symphony No. 6 "Ukukhathazeka"

Le symphony yabhalwa ngonyaka wokufa komqambi - ngo-1893. Ngomculo, uPeter Ilyich ucele ukuhambela impilo. Ingxenye yokuqala iqala ngokungavumelani. Esikhundleni sesilinganiso se-allegro, i-adagio isetshenziswa. Kulesi sigaba, izisusa zenjabulo yokuphikisana, ukudideka kuyazwakala. Futhi kukhona izindikimba zothando kanye nakho konke okufanayo okungenakulinganiswa.

Engxenyeni yesibili, i-waltz engavamile engamatshumi amahlanu (i-standard standard ye-waltz yizinxenye ezintathu). Ikusasa elibi lihluke nobuhle nenhle yokuphila okuncane. Umculo ugcwele, unomusa futhi unomusa, kodwa ekugcineni namanje kukhona izinkulumo ezibuhlungu.

Uma ulalela ingxenye yesithathu, uzizwa umoya wokuphila futhi. Mayelana nalesi sigaba, izingxoxo zisabanjwe: kusukela ekuchazeni umculo njengomfanekiso wamandla obubi ekuphakameni komuntu phezu kwakhe.

Ingxenye yesine ye-symphony yesithupha yi-monologue-requiem. Kancane kancane umlandeli ulahlekelwa amandla akhe futhi ushiya leli zwe. Konke okwakuthandeka impilo yasemhlabeni, okhathazekile, okuthukuthele, okududuzayo, okwachithwa ukungabi khona.

Yilokho okushiwo uTchaikovsky amaculo omculo. Kodwa ukufaneleka okuyinhloko komqambi akuyona inombolo yemisebenzi, kodwa ngobuhlakani babo.

UPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ubhekwa njengelinye lamaqambi amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni.