Yaroslavovich Alexander, iSikhulu Novgorod: Biography

Prince Alexander saseNevsky - umkhuzi isiRashiya, abagcotshwa njengosanta yiSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Wagcotshwa ukuba lamaQhawe e 1225 e uMsindisi isimo Cathedral Peresyalavle-Zalessky.

Biography saseNevsky (kafushane)

Kwazalelwa umlawuli omkhulu Meyi 13, 1221, u-Alexander wayeyindodana Prince Yaroslav le Pereyaslav futhi Toropetzkaya Princess Rostislav Mstislavny yesibili. Ngo 1228 nomfowabo uTheodore wayelusizi kwesokunxele empini, uya Riga. Izikhulu babe inakekelwa Chiune Yakimova futhi Boyar Fyodor Danilovich eNovgorod. Ngo-February 1229, kanye nabafowethu abancane, babaleka emzini ngesikhathi sendlala, owesaba ekujezisweni bendawo. Ngo 1230 e- Republic of Novgorod wabizwa ngokuthi Yaroslav. Ngemva kokuchitha 2 amaviki emzini, wagqoka sobukhosi bakwa abasha. Nokho, Fedor oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, bashone eminyakeni 3. Ngo-November 1232, uPapa Gregory IX wasungula impi ku oweZizwe Russian futhi Finnish. Ngo-1234-m senzeka Battle of Omovzhe. Impi yaphela nge ukunqoba Russian. Ngo 1236 Yaroslav wasuka Novgorod eKiev. Kusuka lapho iminyaka engu-2 kamuva waya uVladimir. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukuphila esizimele Alexander.

Isimo isimo

Ngo 1238 ngesikhathi amaMongol ahlasele e North-Eastern Russia, Yuri uVladimir walinda emashalofini Svyatoslav futhi Yaroslav abazalwane. Nokho, azikho imithombo yokwaziswa ku iqhaza Novgorod empini emfuleni. City. Mhlawumbe, ngaleso sikhathi elaliyi-republic uthethe isikhundla "ukuma kokungathathi-hlangothi lempi". AmaMongol ngemva kokuvinjezelwa isonto 2 wathatha Torzhok, kodwa ke sanquma ukungayi. Emuva ngo-1236-1237 GG. Omakhelwane we Novgorod Republic okushayisanayo nomunye. 200 Pskov iqhaza empini Order of the Sword ngokumelene Lithuania. Yaphela ngokukhululwa Battle of Saule. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsalela Sword zinamathele zamaJalimane Order. Ngo 1237 Gregory IX limenyezelwe Yenkolo Okwesibili eFinland, futhi 1238, ngo-June, Korol Valdemar II, kanye neNkosi Order of the states Balcom German bavumelana ukwehlukana Estonia bese uya Russia emazweni aseBaltic ngosizo abaseSweden. Ngo 1239 ekupheleni izimpi Smolensk ngesiRashiya ukuphila umphakathi uye bahileleke Alexander Yaroslavovich. Prince sebakhe izinqaba eziningana ngomfula. Shelon eningizimu-entshonalanga yomuzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wathatha indodakazi yakhe abe ngumkakhe Brjachislav Polotsk. Wedding owawuse-St .. George Toropets. Ngo Novgorod e 1240 Ngazalwa Alexander amazibulo. Yanikwa igama Basil.

ukuhlaselwa Yokuzindla nasentshonalanga

Ngo-July 1240 ngoxhaxha Swedish nababhishobhi eziningana langena iNeva. Ngokuqinisekile amacebo abahlaseli kwaba ukuthunjwa Ladoga. Ngo-July 15 impi, ukunqoba lapho u-Alexander wanqoba Yaroslavovich. Isikhulu, ukuzwa ukufika abahlaseli lwabadala, hhayi ukucela usizo usuka uVladimir, ngaphandle lokuqoqa abezempi umnyuziki nebutho lakhe ehlaselwa ekamu Swedish ngesikhathi Izhora. Ngo-Agasti, Order kwaqala okuhlukumezayo eningizimu-ntshonalanga. AmaJalimane ethumba Izborsk, Pskov 800 Won, nisondelé usizo. Khona-ke ngesikhathi evimbezela Pskov. Amasango omuzi wavula boyars - abasekeli amaJalimane. Ngo 1240-1241 GG. Ebusika, u-Alexander Novgorod owaxoshwa ku Pereslavl-Zaleski. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana kwadingeka ukuba athumele kuye umbuyisela kuyise. AmaJalimane wathatha Koporje nezwe Vozha River futhi eseduze nedolobha 30 ezilé kude. UJaroslav wazama ukuhamba Alexander yena. Wathumela ukuze abantu bomuzi Andrew. Nokho Novgorod Ngamtshela ukuthi sithunyelwe ku-Alexander. Ngo 1241, yena usule omuzi kubahlaseli. Ngo 1242, elinde ukusekelwa, eholwa u-Andreya, iSikhulu Novgorod wathatha Pskov.

Battle Eqhweni

AmaJalimane babuthana St George sika. Ngaya khona no-Aleksandru Yaroslavovich. Nokho, isikhulu, waphoqeleka ukuba siphumele Lake Peipsi. Lapha-ke wathatha beka impi ewumnqamula-juqu nge Knights. Le mpi yathatha indawo ngomhlaka 5 Ephreli. Crusaders aqeda enamandla maphakathi wempi, eyakha Alexander Yaroslavovich. Prince ephendula, wathumela amabutho akhwele amahhashi phezu ezinhlangothini, futhi nganquma ukuthi umphumela impi. Ngokwe-Chronicle, 7 amamayela amaJalimane Russian waxosha yonkana eqhweni. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuthula kuphothuliwe. Ngu ngokwalokho okwashiwo kuso, Order badela uzuza yayo yamuva, ingxenye ephansi Latgale.

umkhankaso Lithuanian Aleksandra Nevskogo

Ngo 1245 ibutho, eholwa Mindaugas, wahlaselwa futhi Torzhok Bezhetsk. Kuye kwafika isikhulu Novgorod. Killing ezingaphezu kuka 8 umbusi, wathatha Toropets. Ngemva kwalokho, wathumela amabutho Novgorod ekhaya. Yena uqobo wasala isikhathi namabutho waxosha egcekeni futhi wawahlula ibutho naseLithuania e Lake Zhizhitskoye echibini. Ngemva kwalokho, waya ekhaya. Endleleni, Prince Alexander of Novgorod wahlulwa Yaroslavovich elinye lamabutho, esitholakala ngaphansi Usvyaty. Ngo 1246 uyise babiziwe Karakorum, lapho kufakwe ushevu. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nalokhu umcimbi zidlamlilo wabulala Mihail Chernigovsky, olahla emkhubeni yobuqaba.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo 1262 e uVladimir, Suzdal, Pereslavl, Rostov nakwamanye amadolobha aphethwe aqhubeka nokuvukela + kwawo zidlamlilo. intela abalimi inkokhiso - Phakathi AmaTatar zakhe zabulawa. Berke Khan anxenxa ubambe lempi ebekwe dudula ukuhlaselwa Russian by Hulagu (Ilham Iran). Prince Alexander saseNevsky waya zidlamlilo ukuphambukisa umbusi kuwo. Lolu hambo lwathatha cishe ngonyaka. I zidlamlilo Prince Alexander saseNevsky wayegula. Kodwa namanje ngakwazi ukuzibamba ngoba kuye u-khan. Kakade iyagula, wabuyela eRussia. Ekhaya wathatha schema futhi sasibizwa ngokuthi u-Alex. Novemba 14, 1963, wayesefa. Okokuqala, u-Aleksandr Yaroslavich saseNevsky wangcwatshwa sezindela uVladimir Christmas. Ngu oda Petru 1 e-1724, izinsalela zakhe zadluliselwa Petersburg.

kokuhlaziywa leBhodi

Ngenxa yalokho, inhlolovo emikhulu yomphakathi baseRussia, owawuse-2008, u-Aleksandr Yaroslavich saseNevsky kwaba "igama Russia." Kodwa ezincwadini zomlando kukhona izilinganiso ezahlukene imisebenzi yayo. Ungahlangana ngisho nokubukela okuphambene ukuthi ungubani kokwesikhulu. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, kukholakala ukuthi indima yakhe emlandweni baye eqakatheke khulu. Russia wazibonela sezinxushunxushu - emhlabathini ezisihlaselayo Ezinhlangothini ezintathu. Alexander saseNevsky wazibona njengoba umsunguli egatsheni eMoscow zamakhosi, yena ayebhekwa njengengxenye nomvikeli iSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Nokho, nokunxusa kwakhe ekugcineni baba angalungile. Abanye ababhali wazama ukuveza ukuthi saseNevsky kwaba umkhapheli, waba umdubuli kambayimbayi AmaTatar kusezweni Russian. Ngo izincwadi eziningi zingatholakala ngisho umbono wokuthi uyakhazinyuliswa futhi abagcotshwa kwaba ongafanelwe. Nokho, abukho ubufakazi futhi ezicacile kulamagama asipheli.

isikolo okukakhenoni

SaseNevsky kubhekwa njengendlela uhlobo legends yegolide Russia Ephakathi. Akazange ulahlekelwe impi eyodwa empilweni yakhe. Alexander yabonisa ithalente nawukuthi umkhuzi wezempi, enza ukuthula no-ezinamandla kakhulu, kodwa isitha ukubekezela isithwathwa iningi Russia - the zidlamlilo. Wakwazi ukuxosha kuhlasela labamelene Western, sivikele-Orthodox kusukela lamaRoma Katolika. Lokhu kuhlola kwamandla ngokusemthethweni asekelwe futhi pre-izinguquko kanye Soviet. Idealization iNeva owafakile ngaphambi WWII zenith, ngaphakathi kwalo, kanye eyishumi yokuqala ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo.

isilinganiso Eurasia

L.Gumilev kubonakala Alexander wezakhiwo ubudlelwane Russian-zidlamlilo. Ngokusho umbhali, e 1251, umlawuli wafika Batu, abangane, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana, futhi fraternized kanye nendodana Khan Sartak. Ngo 1251 Alexander alethwe Tatar umzimba noyon ephethwe Nevryuya. Ngenxa amathalenta nakwezombusazwe umlawuli ephethwe ukusungula kobungane nobudlelwane hhayi kuphela Batu nendodana yakhe, kodwa futhi nge owalandela Berke. Konke lokhu kwaba nesandla enanini elihle zamagama asebenzayo futhi obunokuthula Mongol-isiTatar Eastern Slavic amasiko.

isiphetho

Yiqiniso, indima iNeva emlandweni Russia medieval kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngempela, lo mlawuli wamabutho akalilahlile yimiphi impi yakhe. Wajabulela uthando abefundisi, omakhelwane ukuhlonipha. Alexander eye yasebenzelana eduze Metropolitan Kirill. On umlawuli ukuzobona entshonalanga. Kamuva, omunye Knight watshela ukuba ngingehlelwa nangeyodwa kulezi amazwe ukuthi wavakashela, akaze awubone umuntu njengami saseNevsky, noma izikhulu, noma amakhosi. Ukubukeza ezifanayo abanye ofakazi ngaye ngokwakhe umkhuzi Batu. Kwezinye zemihla futhi kunobufakazi bokuthi owesifazane Tartar okuthiwa Alexandra iyayithusa izingane zabo. Umkhuzi inikeza isivikelo onokwethenjelwa imingcele umbuso zithi kusukela empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Phakathi nezigigaba yakhe edumile ngoba inkazimulo ezweni isiRashiya, waba evelele kunazo zonke emlandweni komlando wasendulo kusukela Vladimir Monomakh ukuze Dmitry Donskoy. Izinsalela umlawuli phezu oda sikaPeter Omkhulu egcinwe kwi-Alexander saseNevsky Monastery (kusuka 1797 - Laura).