Uyini design nemisebenzi ucwaningo emkhakheni wezemfundo?

Namuhla sikhuluma ngalokho umklamo nocwaningo. Kuthiwa lena indlela okuqhubekayo yokufundisa, esetshenziselwa esanda kutholakala, kodwa uye wakwazi ukuletha imiphumela ezinkulu. Namuhla uzothola ukuthi izinzuzo it has futhi kungani yethula ngisho ezingeni wombuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihloko kuyoba usizo kunoma ubani ihlela noma unezingane, ngoba ngeke sibheke inqubo yokufunda ngenye ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kulabo abazali ngubani besaba okwamanje lapho kudingeka ukuba amabutho engaziwa ukuthi kufanele bakukhuthaze noma ukuphoqa ingane ukufunda ngenxa ikusasa layo. Uzowathola umangale, kodwa kungenziwa ngaphandle umzamo, kodwa kuphela efanele.

Uyini design nocwaningo imisebenzi?

Okwamanje, ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuthola conceptualization olungalungile izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zemfundo. Ezinye izincwadi nezindlela ukuhlinzeka othisha othisha umqondo walokho ukuqeqeshwa othuthukayo zokulungisa futhi uqimba kwamangqamuzana. a Ochwepheshe ezimbalwa kuphela ungakwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela practice futhi sifinyelele imiphumela. Ngokuphathelene izindlela namasu okuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi ngaphandle ezinkulu, kukhona imicabango yabantu enkulu eziningi ezahlukene, ososayensi nabacwaningi, okuyinto ngokuvamile ephikisanayo. Sizobheka imisebenzi design-ucwaningo abafundi, okuyinto eziningi ebhalwe igama elithi "futhi" Engazi ukuthi akusiyo ezifanayo, kodwa izinkomba ezahlukene. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela izinhlangano ukuthuthukisa amakhono nezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile.

Design nocwaningo umsebenzi - umsebenzi okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zokudala nocwaningo abafundi. Kuyinto ukuze kutholakale ikhambi ukuze inkinga lapho impendulo akwaziwa ngaphambili. Lena umehluko oyinhloko lo msebenzi kusukela workshop elula, lapho konke futhi eyaziwa akudingeki kudlule kuphela isithupha. Design nocwaningo umsebenzi abafundi kusho izigaba ukuthi kukhona isici ucwaningo lwesayensi ejwayelekile: inkinga, izifundo ze-theory of the Umama, kukhethwa indlela noma amacebo, umkhuba, iqoqo imiphumela, ukuhlaziywa kanye synthesis idatha, ukususa imiphumela eziphathekako eziphethweni zayo. Ngamunye cwaningo, noma sphere it is hhayi kwenziwe, siqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo olufanele.

Ukungaboni ngaso design nocwaningo imisebenzi

Inhlangano yocwaningo project ihlanganisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlanganisa ngokwehlukene ngamunye imisebenzi emibili. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umphelelisi nomunye futhi benezingane eziningi umehluko. Ngenxa yalokho zocwaningo sithola umkhiqizo ezihlakaniphile, okudaliwe ngokusungula iqiniso yezindlela yendabuko ucwaningo. Umsebenzi project ihlanganisa ucinge iqiniso ngokukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda. Inani ubunjiniyela kanye nemisebenzi yocwaningo olwenziwe kulowo iletha yalokho obanzi kanye aqeqeshe iqembu amakhono abalulekile. Endaweni ehlukile, umsebenzi project kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa alifundisi umkhuba, futhi kanjani ukuze ithole ukwaziswa, ukucubungula futhi ulithumele. umsebenzi Ucwaningo ngokwako akusho baphathe ubaluleke kakhulu kangaka. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka iphrojekthi.

Design nocwaningo imisebenzi enkulisa

Lo msebenzi kungaba kwenziwe emazingeni ahlukene nokuvuthwa womuntu: enkulisa, esikoleni, eyunivesithi kanye ngisho emsebenzini. Design nemisebenzi yocwaningo engadini yezingane - kungcono ezihlukahlukene engqondweni yethu, imidlalo kanye nemisebenzi yokudala enzelwe ukuthi ukukhulisa ingane e ezazidingeka lokuqala isixazululo efanele izinkinga. Ingane kusukela ekuzalweni ivame ukuba uthintane futhi uxhumane nezwe ngaphandle, linelukuluku kakhulu futhi ufuna ukuthola, ukuqaphela nokuxazulula. Njalo izinyane - oyiphayona futhi kuwumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu othisha iwukuhlale nokuthuthukisa ilukuluku izakhiwo kwengane. Njengoba isisho Chinese uya, umuntu uyaqonda into kuphela uma uzama. Design nocwaningo imisebenzi nezingane ezincane cishe ngokuphelele kusekelwe eqinisweni ukuthi unqume ukuthi wenzani esimweni esithile. Yiqiniso, ngokuchichima engapheli ongakhetha uyobe sokuphuca ukuzinza kwengane, futhi Ufika udidekile ngu, ngakho ekuqaleni lembuzi Ungakhetha kusuka ongakhetha eziningana, kodwa bona kufanele beze ngokwabo.

abafundi abasebasha

Design nemisebenzi yocwaningo kwezingane esikoleni junior kakhulu efana umsebenzi owenziwa ensimini. Emabangeni abasebasha, izingane nokucindezeleka lapho kudingeka nililalele isimiso esiqinile, ukuxazulula imisebenzi usithe nsuku zonke ukuze wenze umsebenzi wesikole ekhaya, futhi njalo ufunde okuthile. Lesikhatsi lesi nzima, kodwa uma uyibambe kahle, kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele nemiphumela ephawulekayo. Design nocwaningo imisebenzi zesikole junior olugcwele lwemisebenzi ezimele lapho umntwana akumelwe nje bagcine ngokufuna ukuza isinqumo, kodwa athole indlela efanele kakhulu futhi enengqondo phandle. imisebenzi yomuntu, egxile imisebenzi ucwaningo yilena elandelayo:

• ekuqinisekiseni sezulu ngokwengqondo sihlonipheke ithimba;
• ukuthuthukiswa izimfanelo zokudala;
• ukuthuthukiswa wokuzibusa ikhono lokwenza izinqumo ukuthi sihluke umbono iningi;
• ukuthuthukiswa emakhonweni okukhulumisana, ubungani, ukuziphatha ukungqubuzana;
• emcabangweni fantasy.

ukuqaliswa endleleni

Sesiyazi mayelana imiqondo esemqoka yalesi sihloko. Sekuyisikhathi ukuthola ukuthi yini izindlela lwenteke design nocwaningo imisebenzi. Kuthiwa zingabantu eziningana, kodwa akunakusetshenziswa akufanele ukhethe noma iyiphi ezithile futhi hung up on kuye, abe anaka kuqala. indlela ngamunye kufanele alternated nabanye ukuze wandise ngokuvumelanayo ukuthuthukisa amakhono ehlukene kwezingane.

Design nocwaningo umsebenzi e zasenkulisa kungenziwa kubonakala elandelayo:

1. Amaphrojekthi lapho izingane ezincane ukuzama. Ezenye zingase zihluke, into esemqoka - ikhono lokuthola futhi evikelekile. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa ingane kumele lihlele imininingwane ku-albhamu ngesimo ikholaji, umdvwebo, noma incwajana.
2. imidlalo Ukulingisa ukudlala, efana yaseshashalazini. Lokhu kuphumelela kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene ngokwengqondo ukuqeqeshwa ngisho abadala. Izingane kudingeka zifunde ukuba kwezobuciko, zama izindima ezahlukene ukuze uzizwe ungcono ubunjalo akho futhi ubuntu. Indima ukudlala imidlalo akuzona for fun, ngoba ngesikhathi ingane akufanele kuphela zama isithombe esisha, kodwa futhi ukuxazulula phakathi kwemingcele yayo inkinga. Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu lapha wukuthi inkinga kumele ixazululwe kahle indlela uhlamvu ekhethiwe.
3. Nezinqubo ukuthi bagxile lokuqoqa nekwetfula ulwazi. Izingane kudingeka ukuqoqa ulwazi oluthile, ngiyibeke nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kubalulekile ukufundisa izingane nje ukudweba noma ukukhuluma ukubonisa okuthile ngokusebenzisa nemibukiso, imibukiso, lokwentiwako, izindaba nokunye .. Ngamanye amazwi, kubalulekile ukufundisa umuntu lokuveza imibono yabo ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene.
4. imincintiswano Creative, okuyinto okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono yenhlangano. Izingane ngamunye noma iqembu kumele lihlele umcimbi encane. Khona-ke, inkulumo umcimbi wabo. Ngale ndlela izingane zifunda ukubona izinzuzo zabo siqu futhi umehluko kwabanye kanye ukuqaphela ubuthakathaka abese ngibenze ayeke.

ubudlelwane kuncike

Design nomsebenzi ucwaningo uvame waqaphela ngaphakathi isihloko ubudlelwane "Uthisha - Umfundi". Thishela uhumusha ulwazi oluthile, bese abafundi kufanele uwathatha. Lesi sifunda Sekuyisikhathi eside osungulwe futhi njalo esetshenziswa labo abagxeka izindlela okuqhubekayo nokufundisa. I nokungasebenzi ngendlela le ndlela itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ezimweni eziningi ngeke bakwamukele nensika yalo. Kukhona izimo eziningi lapho umbono engachemile Umfundi kuyafaneleka ngaphezulu, okunengqondo elungile, kuka ukubhuka uthisha wakho. Izingane sibheke ezweni elingenakho ukucwasana kanye ifilimu mass kolwazi enciphisa bezibona ngokoqobo, ukuze bakwazi ukubona ke ngenye. Baningi othisha nje ungafisi ukuthuthukisa kwayona, kuba lula kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo iphethini knurled okubonakala ukunikeza imiphumela emihle, kangangokuthi ngisho nonembeza uyoba ohlanzekile. Nokho-ke kuyiphutha elikhulu, esiyingxenye yokwesaba wengane lapho yayibambene ngezihluthu nombuso uthisha kanye Ukuyekwa kwezindlela ukucabanga ngokuhlaziya.

Design nomsebenzi ucwaningo emfundweni yesimanje

Namuhla e-Russia kukhona isiko lasendulo ukuqaliswa le ndlela esetshenziswa isibe akusebenzi ngoba kukhona nokungabi Awuhlangabezani nezimfuneko yesimanje. Kulo lonke izwe osungulwe futhi eziqhutshwa a sokuqeqesha encane wesayensi, imiphakathi zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe, okuyizinto "kusho isigungu esiphezulu umzimba" imisebenzi phrojekthi. Ayasiza kakhulu, kodwa kungaletha enkulu nakakhulu. Injongo eyinhloko izinhlangano ezinjalo - iwukuba umfuziselo ukusebenza izinhlangano zocwaningo zezemfundo. Izingane iqhaza izenzakalo ezinjalo - kukhona ososayensi esizayo izisebenzi kufanele ukuhambisa isondo yomlando. Ezemfundo esiqhutshwa imiphakathi enjalo abathile kakhudlwana futhi izinga, kukhona isikhathi ukulalela wonke umuntu, futhi bonke abantu bona noma iyiphi iphrojekthi yakho. amazinga Modern zemfundo enzelwe ukunciphisa umthwalo ezinganeni. Kufanele unciphise inani, kodwa ukuthuthukisa izinga.

Kuyini kungaba kuthula? Kwenta sibonelo, imisebenti design-ucwaningo labafundi physics amakilasi kubonakala umkhuba. Izingane akudingeki ngekhanda amafomula nemithetho, futhi ngokuzimela afeze ucwaningo ukubona isiqinisekiso okubonakalayo ncwadi ulwazi. Kuphela kuleli cala, inqubo yokufunda ayisaxhunyanisiwe ziqondakala ingane njengoba abeka futhi kuyoba mnandi. Futhi kuphela ngale ndlela umfundi aqonde futhi ungafundi ulwazi oludingekayo kanye uzokwazi ukudweba ukufana kanye ukuyisebenzisa emikhakheni ehlukene yempilo.

GEF

Design nocwaningo umsebenzi abafundi kohlaka GEF ibhalisiwe nguhulumende. pedagogy Modern akunakwenzeka ngaphandle umsebenzi design-ucwaningo, ngoba kuphela uma kwakhiwa amakhono adingekayo yokucabanga ezimele futhi bathathe izinqumo ezihluzekile. Lezi zimfanelo angeke afundiswe kusuka incwadi: umkhuba isidingo. Le ndlela umsebenzi luyisisekelo isayensi yesimanje Pedagogical, futhi okuhle kunakho konke-ke yaqaphela sibonga design ecatshangwe kahle kanye nemisebenzi yocwaningo. Ngezindlela eziningi kuba ezimele, ikakhulukazi abafundi esikoleni esiphakeme. Self-inhlangano siqu inqubo yabo yokufunda evumela umuntu ukuba uhlele futhi nokuqaphela izenzo zazo.

Design nocwaningo umsebenzi e zasenkulisa GEF ihlukile kwezinye izindawo uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza. Bantwana adinga indlela ekhethekile, ngoba Kusafanele ukuthuthukisa amakhono ezifana ukuqhathanisa, ukuhlaziywa nokuhlela amakhono. Nokho, imisebenzi namazinga kazwelonke iphrojekthi ayaqalwa kuzo zonke izigaba imfundo.

izici omuhle

Design nemisebenzi yocwaningo enkulisa njengendlela yokuthola ukufunda nokuzethemba, umthwalo nokuzimisela kunezinzuzo eziningana. Izingane babandakanyeka bafundisi ngubani uzokwazi kusukela zisencane ukuze ufunde ukuthi abanye yokufunda isigamu-nokuphila. Ichaza imisebenzi izimfanelo eziningana ezinhle:

• ugqozi ukwanda izingane eziningi ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene;
• ukukhulisa isithakazelo esiqotho, hhayi edingekayo Izinjongo ukusebenza ngemishini;
• ukhulisa yemfanelo;
• kumiswa indlela zobuchwepheshe ekuxazululeni izinkinga;
• zokuxhumana nokuqeqeshwa kumakhono;
• ikhono ngokuzimela qhathanisa bese uhlaziya zizifundele zona ngokwazo kuphela okungcono;
• ukuqeqeshwa ukukhuthazela, okuhlushwa;
• Ukufunda amakhono sasobala;
• kumiswa sihlangene emakhonweni;
• ikhono lokuhlela indawo yakho yokusebenza, uhlelo;
• ikhono ukuthole lulwimi ezivamile nabantu abanombono nombono ohlukile;
• ukwakha umbono oqondile ekuphileni;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono nokubambisana.

imfundo eyengeziwe

Design nocwaningo e iqhubekisele phambili imfundo liba ethandwa kakhudlwana. Ekuqaleni, ukuqaliswa lo msebenzi wathatha indawo kuphela inqubo eyinhloko yokufunda, kodwa kamuva kwaba sobala ukuthi kungaba wusizo futhi esebenzayo emibuthanweni ehlukahlukene, futhi izifundo kobuholi. Lendawo imfundo isiqala nje ukuthuthukisa, ngakho imisebenzi ukuphrinta enikelwe ngale ndaba, kukhona okuncane. Noma ungafaka isicelo kwi-GEF. Umklamo nocwaningo imisebenzi echazwe namazinga isimo, kuzokusiza uqonde Amaphuzu ayinhloko ale indlela. Iningi ngenkuthalo isetshenziswa emkhakheni kolwazi nobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ulethe computer umuntu nokubhala abangathanda ukwazi ukuveza imibono yabo kanye namaphrojekthi ngosizo imishini yesimanje kanye nemishini. I ucwaningo lokuqala le ndlela kakade iye yaba nemiphumela emihle omuhle. Ukuqeqeshwa anikezwa abafundi eminyakeni 7-16 ubudala. Njengoba umsebenzi nokusungula izinto, umuntu ngamunye ukhululekile ukuba ukhethe isihloko oyifunayo nezindlela ukumelwa yayo.