Usuku Paris isigodi: usuku, umlando

Usuku Paris isigodi lugujwa yokudumisa Ukunqoba kokuqala inguquko yesigaba sabasebenzi ngo-1871, March 18. Paris isigodi elibizwa elakhiwe phakathi izenzakalo 1871 enhlokodolobha yase uhulumeni waseFrance wamavukelambuso.

Izinkundla Ingemuva 1871

France, ngekhulu le-19 ... Ukusebenza lokushintsha ohlanga wobunxiwankulu ngo-February 1848 ukubeka phambili izimfuno wamavukelambuso. Ngo-June ngawo lowo nyaka ne Paris sabasebenzi izingalo othathelwe Republic "amalungelo kanye capital" ka "republic nomphakathi". Lokhu umzamo wokuqala ngesikhathi oda wobunxiwankulu, impi yokuqala enkulu yombango phakathi onxiwankulu futhi sabasebenzi. Bahluliwe esindayo e 1848, siye saba buthaka isigaba ukusebenza isikhathi eside. ngo-1871 kuphela waphinde nitinikele ukuba nimelene nohulumeni.

Igubha uSuku Paris isigodi (1848 izenzakalo wakhonza njengephayona lasungulwa) ngabaningi namuhla.

ukuvela

Uma yasungulwa phakathi Prussia futhi eFrance kuthula empini Franco-Prussian, iziyaluyalu Kwagqashuka Paris, lakhula laba revolution. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuzibusa lwaqala, okuyinto baqhubeka ngo-1871, kusukela 18 March kuya ku-28 Meyi. Paris isigodi eholwa abamele amaqembu izidlamlilo futhi Socialists. nabaholi bayo bamemezela kokubili isampuli lokuqala ubushiqela yesigaba sabasebenzi.

Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo, wasemlandweni wayengumprofethi ukuvela Paris isigodi. Isizathu kwaba ijula ukuphikisana komphakathi ezazikhona umphakathi isiFulentshi, okuyinto sawohloka ngokucijile kakhulu ngemva kokunqotshwa lizwe phakathi neMpi Franco-Prussian, okwaqala ngo-1870 1871. Kwamiswa ngo-February, uhulumeni Thiers (esithombeni sakhe aboniswe ngezansi), i-protege ka onxiwankulu omkhulu, wamukele izimo ezilulazayo esibi isivumelwano sokuthula. Amabutho wamavukelambuso baye basabela ukudalwa eRepublican Federation of National Guard. Eliholwa ekomidini APC.

Izinsuku zokuqala inguquko

Ngobusuku buka-Mashi 18 kwenziwa nguHulumende Thiers ezama ukucisha yesigaba sabasebenzi nezifunda Paris abophe abameleli iKomiti Central ye-National Guard. Nokho, uhlelo kuhlulekile. Ngo isidumo, uhulumeni wabalekela Versailles eParis. INational Guard itholakala kwaMuhle enyathelisa izindlu emabhalekisini. Ngenhla kwaMuhle nawo umaka obomvu. Ngakho kwathiwa ngenxa zabhikisha behlomile kokugumbuqelwa uhulumeni ngendlela yobunxiwankulu, Paris isigodi. Ukhetho kuya isigodi laseParis uMkhandlu 26 Mashi. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, wachitha komhlangano wokuqala aya kuwo, okwaholela Proudhon Bele. New Town Hall, Mashi 29 iqanjwe kabusha ngokusemthethweni ku Paris isigodi.

Usuku Paris isigodi

Usuku Mashi 18, 1871 kuyinto ekhethekile umlando waseFrance. Wakhe ukwazi futhi ukhumbule kahle emhlabeni wonke. Labe kufezeke inguquko yesigaba sabasebenzi. Mashi 18 wawa amandla onxiwankulu. Kwakuwusuku lokuqala Paris isigodi. 1848 Umcimbi kwandulelwe, njengoba sekushiwo, ngalolu suku olukhulu. Ngu isinqumo Yokuqala International, ngawo unyaka olandelayo ngosuku 18 kuMashi kwaba iholide umzamo wokuqala yimpumelelo ukugumbuqela umbuso wezombangazwe ngokubambisana abasebenzi. Lokhu Usuku Paris isigodi. kugujwa yakhe kuze 1917, futhi ezweni lethu ku imihlangano ngokungemthetho izinhlangano wamavukelambuso. Ngokokuqala ngqá lolu suku wamavukelambuso kwaba lodumo kabanzi emva, ngo-March 1923 iKomiti Central we DENR yamemezela Day yabo iholide Paris isigodi.

Yikuphi nomthelela ukuvela Paris isigodi?

On sisonqenqemeni lwenhlekelele kazwelonke kwaba France ngemva kokunqotshwa at Sedan. Amaningi ala masimu elalihlala amabutho Prussian. Futhi kuyo isikhathi esifushane, ezinye izindawo zaleli dolobha. ISishayamthetho Sikazwelonke akhethwe 1871, February 8 babegqoka monarchists nezisobala futhi esikhoselweni. abasebenzi Okuningi ahlomile kuka Bismarck, babemesaba onxiwankulu enkulu. France ngaphansi imigomo yesivumelwano kwangaphambilini kwakudingeka akhokhe lokumiswa omkhulu yasePrussia. Ubukhulu bayo kwaba franc 5 bhiliyoni igolide. Prussia washukumisela Alsace kanye Lorraine.

unogada kazwelonke

Abasebenzi nezihlakaniphi okuqhubekayo wafika ukuzivikela yenhloko-dolobha. In Paris, ngo-September 1870 kwamiswa National Guard - 215 Battalion. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona inhlangano yezombangazwe. Eqinisweni Central Committee of National Guard ngaphansi umbungu amandla abantu.

Usizi ebusika enhloko-dolobha

engenayo ephansi enihlala ukuvinjezelwa Paris wakhuthazelela yendlala abandayo ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlokodolobha amabhomu kwaba Prussian. Nge ukudla sasisibi. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela baseParis badla amahhashi ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane. izindodla zemali bakhokha ngoba amagundane, amakati nezinja. ukudla Jwayelekile ngelanga wayeneminyaka engu-50 grams inyama yehashi, futhi 300 amagremu eliphansi isinkwa esenziwe kusuka oats nelayisi. emigqeni Huge kwakungasehlane laseBeti yokubhaka. Inkinga ekhula, isimo lapho inguquko sasingagwemeki.

isimo Oku-wamavukelambuso baba e-Paris. A. Thiers isinqumo bese ukuhlakaza National Guard amandla izikhali, ikomidi emaphakathi eboshwa, ukuba asayine ukuthula wokugcina Bismarck, bese ukubuyisela ohlanga. Ngo Bordeaux, ke wahlela ukuba kube sikazwelonke, okuyinto bathuthela Versailles.

Inguquko Division Versailles ohlangothini amavukelambuso

Amasosha kahulumeni ngo-1871, ebusuku ngo-March 18 wakwazi uthwebule cishe yonke esisogwini eziphakemeyo Montmartre wezikhali. Abantu bakwa-Paris rose on uqaphile. Ngokushesha, lezi zihlubuki sekudlule cishe wonke division SaseVersailles. Lena enye yezindlela okwakubonakala izenzakalo juqu inguquko yesigaba sabasebenzi. I Battalion ye-National Guard ngemiyalo yezikhulu iKomiti Central wathatha isakhiwo enkonzweni, emabhalekisini amaphoyisa, esiteshini sesitimela. Ngenhla kwaMuhle kusihlwa Mashi 19 nawo umaka obomvu. kwavela Kanjalo Paris isigodi (usuku - 18/03/1871) - Isimo yesigaba sabasebenzi, kanye uhlaka ubushiqela wezisebenzi. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa izinsuku 72 kuphela. Nokho, umlando Paris Kuyinto engacabangeki ngaphandle umcimbi, okuyinto sasigcwele sikhathi.

Isimemezelo leKomiti Central ye-National Guard kubantu

I Central Committee of the National Guard ngosuku olufanayo ekhishwe isikhalo abantu yeFrance, lapho esesho ukuthi wethemba ukuthi inhlokodolobha kuyoba isibonelo sokuba ukwakheka republic entsha. lokuvimbezela wathwebula ukuthi kwaba ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lathi ikheli onogada ukuthi amandla leKomiti Central asule esikhundleni, ngoba bengafuni ukuthatha indawo labo onesibindi nje esinokuduma yentukuthelo abantu. Abaholi kwavukelwa ngokwalo ngisho yamemezela nguhulumeni wesikhashana. Abazange alinge ukuthatha amandla egcwele.

Ukhetho kuya isigodi

Cc esikhundleni ahlele imashi Versailles, ngaqala ukulungisa okhethweni kuya enkhundleni. Kodwa awuzange waqhuba umkhankaso esebenzayo zomphakathi ukhetho abasebenzi. Ngakho isinyathelo lalahleka isikhathi. imiphumela Obulalayo Wayenokwesaba yokumangalelwa kwamandla usurpation. kokubhikisha kwango sasekelwa eminyangweni eminingi France enhloko-dolobha, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka ubunye isenzo lapho iqembu elibusayo engakaze ufinyelelwe.

kukhetho lukaMbimbitho 26 yayiqhutshelwa uMkhandlu isigodi, kuyinto eliphakeme. 25 kuphela izihlalo ke waphuma 86. Ezinye izindaba zika-abasebenzi wayesebamba izinceku nezihlakaniphi. Iyunithi Paris isigodi yaguqulwa njengoba oluthile amandla ngokuyinhloko yokuthi ukuqaphela ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka imisebenzi wamavukelambuso esabekwa inkambo imicimbi.

izinqumo Akukhona nje ashiwo isigodi Council. Babehlanganyela ekusetshenzisweni kwazo esisebenzayo. Kuyoqedwa ngaleyo ndlela ezikhungweni ezahlukene kanye ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla. Council zindlani 10 amakomiti phakathi kwamalungu aso abakhethelwa, obangela izici ezahlukene emphakathini.

amabutho ahlomile

I Paris isigodi, njengoba esikhathini le Jacobin wobushiqela, yayisekelwe abantu abahlomile. Ezifundeni iningi dolobha ngemuva amaphoyisa Mashi 18 salandelwa National Guard, ugodle yayo Ibutho.

Isinqumo Mashi 29, 1871 futhi uyekwa izinsizwa, wamemezela ukuthi izakhamuzi afanelekela isevisi afakiwe National Guard.

Izenzo Versailles Uhulumeni

Abacathama Paris isigodi kazibe njengoNabali izitha zonke izindlela ukuba athwale ukuze disorganize impilo yenhloko-dolobha, izinkinga isimo zindlani futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusheshisa ukubhujiswa kwalo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwaba ukuketula abasebenzi kwezikhungo zikamasipala kanye nesimo, okuyinto ihlelwe uhulumeni Versailles. Khulumani-March 29 wanquma ukuthi oda futhi imiyalo yakhe mandleni zomthetho akudingeki nokuthi angaphansi ngokushesha abasebenzi ukuxoshwa abahlose indiva lesi sinqumo.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemva kwezenzakalo-March 18 baba bawuphikisa amandla ezimisiwe nabezindaba wobunxiwankulu. Waqala ukumlulaza abaholi Paris isigodi, ukuncibilikisa ikheli labo ezisungulwe enonya. CC, bese umasipala bafeza Inombolo yezenzo ngokumelene lezi zinyathelo. Kuphela amaphephandaba angu-30 waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha nomagazini isivaliwe phakathi khona isigodi.

Isinqumo Apreli 2,

Umlando Paris ngo-1871 kwaphawulwa uchungechunge izenzakalo ezimangalisayo. April 2 isinqumo ukudweba Thiers, kanye namalungu amabili uhulumeni Versailles kwi-akhawunti. Baye basolwa ukhipha nempi yombango, ukuhlela nokuhlaselwa kwaleli dolobha. Ukuphendula ukudutshulwa iziboshwa ngo-Ephreli 5th zindlani isikhipha umyalo phezu abathunjwa. Ngokusho ke, noma yimuphi umuntu osolwa iyathinteka nohulumeni ku Versailles, ukuboshwa. Isinqumo ezisengozini ukukhishwa abathunjwa ezintathu ngoba shot ngamunye Communards.

abangamakhulu ambalwa abantu Kuboshwe ngesisekelo lesi sinqumo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Bonzhan, owayeyisikhulu lephalamende, Darbua, kusho u-Archbishop Zhekker, big umnikazi, futhi lapha kwakukhona iqembu Amaphoyisa, abapristi nezikhulu. Ngesikhathi sokudubula iziboshwa baphoqeleka ukuba sokumisa Versailles. Nokho, lapho sekumcacela ukuthi ukubulawa kwabo abathunjwa zindlani kuyinto ekujaheni, saphinde saqala kusondele iziboshwa federates. Abaholi bakahulumeni siswele ngokucacile ukuqonda isidingo yokucindezelwa nezitha ekilasini. Lenin, ukuhlaziya izizathu ukwehluleka Paris isigodi, waphawula ukuthi akwanele ngamandla isicelo ukucindezela ukumelana amabutho ahlomile.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ku 28 Kwangathi inguquko, babaleka, kwaba emhlabeni namuhla, abantu abaningi zigubha usuku Paris isigodi. Kuyinto iwuphawu ukunqoba yesigaba sabasebenzi e emzabalazweni. Njalo engumFulentshi uyazi ukuthi ngo-March 18 - Usuku Paris isigodi. Lolu suku wehla emlandweni njengoba kufezwe imigomo yokuqala emhlabeni revolution yesigaba sabasebenzi.