Umsuka. Izinhlobo zezitshalo izimpande kanye nemisebenzi yabo

izitshalo Ephakeme ababonakali ngezikhundla kusukela ephansi ngoba imizimba yabo kusobala izitho umahluko. Izingelosi zihlelwe ngendlela kakhulu, abe nzima ahlelwe siqhuba izinhlelo nezicubu. ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo alunamkhawulo.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene kwemvelo, baphoqeleka ukwakha isakhiwo ongavamile ku oyiyo. Guqula, sente busha futhi sijwayele ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba, ukuze uthole ithuba elingcono khona ntofontofo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu kubonakala izimpande izitshalo.

Izinhlaka izitshalo ephakeme

Bonke zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:

• phansi;
• ngomshoshaphansi.

Eyokuqala kuzomele sifake stem, licembe, imbali nezithelo. Esesibili - ohlelweni impande nazo zonke izakhi zawo ephambili. Uma uthi nhlá, ngephutha bacabanga ukuthi lawo impela kancane, ngoba nje impande. plant izitho bayinhlangano isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho inkimbinkimbi kwangaphandle kuyadukisa. Lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.

Underground Authority impande: impande izinhlobo

Plant izimpande zingahluka kokubili umbala kanye ijamo, ubude, ekhelini. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ezinhlobo impande. Qamba izinhlobo izimpande elandelayo.

1. Chief. Lona main-eksisi impande, kokushiya komhlaba ejulile. Njengomthetho, kuba mkhulu kunabanye futhi isikhathi eside. Izimpande zawo ithathwe impande sombungu. Iyisonto umqhubi eyinhloko kanye zone ukuncela, lapho indaba uthuthwa ohlangeni zalesi sihlahla, futhi kusukela ukusabalala yokugcina wonke umzimba.
2. Adventitious. Letakhi ukunweba ngokuqondile impande main futhi azikhandle ukuze ohlangothini, okwandisa isisindo ingqikithi ohlelweni lonke. Umsebenzi wawo njengoba main, aqukethe ukumuncwa izidakamizwa kanye nokugcinwa izitshalo emhlabathini.
3. Side. Lezi zici - a izimpande mncane izinwele-efana esukela izakhiwo adnexal. ukujiya wabo ngezinye izikhathi amamilimitha angu elilodwa noma amabili kuphela. Imihlobo ehlukeneko izimpande ayahluka ngobukhulu, kodwa ohlangothini nenqwaba Imininingwane ubuswa le nkomba.

Ngakho, ukuze uthole ejwayelekile isitshalo izimpande eliwumhlaba Zintathu izinhlobo, okuyinto ngokuvamile yakha inhlanganisela organic sonke isimiso.

Izinhlobo impande izinhlelo

Yiziphi izinhlobo izimpande, sithole. Manje uhlala ukubhekana udaba amasistimu ezakhiwe ngazo. Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.

1. Rod. Isici isigaba Monocotyledons izitshalo (utshani, umnduze entendeni, njll). The main lolwehlukanisa: i Taproot liphinyiselwe futhi ebuthaka - hlangothi nakuloluya paranasal.
2. Fibrous. Isici isigaba izitshalo dicotyledonous (Rosaceae, crucifers, okusabhontshisi, njll). Isici ukuthi has a impande: izinhlobo impande kuvetwa ngokulinganayo. Ayikho main kusukela amagatsha alo adventitious kanye lateral yokulicindezela, futhi ezakhiwe izintaba, isakhiwo sisonke.

Izinketho eziningi amasistimu impande alwaziwa.

Izinhlobonhlobo Ushintshe izakhiwo

Sibheke yiziphi izinhlobo izimpande. Kodwa kukhona mafomu ukushintshwa. Lokho, lapho izimpande main, ezilingene adventitious eziguqulelwa ifomu ethé ukuhluka kancane, kusiza izitshalo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene kwemvelo.

Izinhlobo izimpande Ushintshe ezilandelayo:

• imifino impande;
• izingwegwe;
• enokuziphakamisa;
• impande nezilimo eziyizigaxa;
• emoyeni;
• Umsuka uhlevane;
• retractable;
• Roots-zasesiteji;
• ukuphefumula;
• Sucker-izimpande.

Ukuze ezinye izinhlobo zawo ezishisayo ababonakali ngezikhundla ezinye ukuguqulwa esinda eqondile uhlelo impande. Thina uzicabangele izinto ongakhetha ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi ethandwa.

izimpande zasemoyeni

Izitshalo izimpande zasemoyeni - kuba abakhileyo kulezi zindawo lapho engenayo inhlabathi evundile e umswakama nomoya-mpilo. Kungaba phansi noma nosawoti esidi ngokweqile (ane-alikhali). Ngakho, abantu abanjalo sebekubeke hhayi umoya-mpilo ngokwanele. Ukuze abambe futhi ukukuqonda ngaphezu, baye babhekana kanje.

izimpande zabo lateral bayavuswa ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ngale ndlela ungamunca umswakama nomoya-mpilo ngokuqondile emoyeni ezungeze. Bheka ne isitshalo izimpande elishintshiwe engavamile kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi futhi isabise ngisho nokusabisa. Uma izimpande zasemoyeni kwakhiwa kakhulu, umuthi libukeka voluminous kakhulu, lwentshebe kanti ezinye inganekwane kancane.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, izitshalo kanye izici ezifanayo isibaluli properties ahlukahlukene bemilingo, ngoba wabheka ezingaqondakali ngempela. Abamele zihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• orchid, kuhlanganise houseplants zokuhlobisa;
• Ezinye izinhlobo amakhiwane ;
• metrosideros;
• amahlozi izihlahla lomhlume ;
• Creeper;
• Monstera nabanye.

izimpande enokuziphakamisa

Ngokusobala, ukusekelwa - umsebenzi main eyenziwa impande. Izinhlobo izimpande ukuthi ukushintshwa ezihlobene izakhiwo eziyisisekelo lungasetshenziswa le njongo. Isibonelo esivamile izimpande enokuziphakamisa. Basuke kwakheka izitshalo ezikhulayo:

• e lodaka aminyene futhi viscous;
• esishintshashintshayo ugu (bands) zazo emanzini;
• enhlabathini anesihlabathi.

Zibalulekile kakhulu, ngoba ekukhuleni kwayo iqala ukuba Isiqu. Ngale ndlela, umzimba luyaqina emhlabathini. Ziningi izinto ezihlobene okuqinile futhi isikhathi eside enokuziphakamisa ngokuvamile banikela ukuzinza isitshalo futhi bakhuthaza kucedvwa obukhulu.

Izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo izimpawu izakhiwo ezinjalo zingancishiswa kanje:

• ummbila;
• imihlume;
• pandanus;
• isihlahla Malay;
• ezinye izinhlobo wamasundu;
• Avicenna;
• nipa;
• Rhizophora;
• kukakhokho nabanye.

Ngokuvamile, izitshalo kanye izimpande efanayo ine uhlobo umzimba, sengathi simi ezisekelweni zezingodo. Ngezinye izikhathi Babukeka njengezihlahla itende, kwezinye izimo nje unikeza umbono esinamandla emgqonyeni yehlukene kaningi okubalwa.

Roots-zasesiteji

Ziningi kakhulu izinto ezinhle usitshela isayensi wezinto eziphilayo. Izinhlobo izimpande zezinye izitshalo kungazwakali ngakho futhi ngiyaphupha, kunzima ukucabanga engokwemvelo zabo.

Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo lezi zindikimba, ezifana columnar noma izimpande-zasesiteji. injongo yabo eyinhloko - ukuqinisekisa isitshalo akuyona kuphela usekelo olungeziwe nokuzinza, kodwa futhi ngamandla emoyeni. Thanda emoyeni, kunjalo futhi uyakwazi ukulungisa umoya-mpilo asemkhathini kusukela emoyeni.

Ngakho, kubonakala sengathi ukulungisa columnar - inhlanganisela emoyeni futhi izimpande enokuziphakamisa. Izitshalo, izimpawu izakhiwo ezifana yilezi:

• ficus nokunwebeka;
• banyan;
• ezinye izihlahla zasezindaweni ezishisayo.

Izici kumiswa izimpande yokuthi bavele amagatsha ovundlile bese zikhula phansi. Njengoba finyelela it, imile izimpande futhi babe ukwesekwa eziqinile. Futhi ngoba ngaphezu komhlaba, kanti eyesibili umsebenzi --mpilo ukusetshenziswa - kuphumelela.

izimpande

Le nguquko kuwo wonke umuntu ezaziwayo, ngokuba kuyabongeka lokho phambi sikhula ezindaweni suburban. Izitshalo kanye izakhiwo ezifana impande namanzi kakhulu futhi okunomsoco. Izinhlobo ushintsho olunjalo izimpande kungaba:

• nezilimo eziyizigaxa;
• imifino impande.

Umsuka nezilimo eziyizigaxa kumiswa izimpande adventitious kanye lateral. Zinqwabelanisa semali izakhi evumela ukuthi isitshalo ukuze kusheshiswe imifino kanye bazizwa belondekile izimo lapho esibi. Izibonelo izitshalo:

• artichoke;
• nasturtium;
• amazambane;
• artichoke;
• Begonia;
• Caladium;
• diaskareya;
• lily nabanye.

Umsuka imifino, nakuba izwi "izithelo" esihlokweni, kodwa lezi zindikimba abanalo maqondana. Lokhu uqweqwe izitshalo Taproot lapho ekuqongeleleni mass enkulu izakhi, zombala, amavithamini kanye nokunye.

Izibonelo izitshalo zinjalo ethandwa kakhulu:

• isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi;
• izaqathe;
• beet;
• parsley;
• Chicory;
• isithombo;
• Parsnip, nabanye.

Lezi amasiko ezinye izitshalo athandwa kakhulu. Ziqeqeshelwa, esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwemithi uzilungiselele kusuka lamavithamini.

Yini impande simila?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo isivele ephakanyiswe ngokuhamba isihloko. It uhlala kuphela fingqa futhi kuvame bonke ngenhla, ukwenza kube impendulo ecacile yalo mbuzo othi: "? Yini impande simila"

1. Ihange, noma ukuqinisa.
2. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa ukumuncwa futhi kuthuthwe ngendlela ephephile amanzi nokumbiwa compounds.
3. Ukulungiswa ukukhonza ukukhiya kanye nokugcina izakhamzimba.
4. Impande isitho ukukhiqizwa kabusha vegetatively.
5. Kuyinto kumiswa amavithamini, ama-hormone, zombala.
6. Umsuka engena nama-bacterium, isikhunta.

ukulungiswa letitsite izimpande asetshenziselwa kumadivayisi ezahlukene sokusebenza. Mayelana nabo sishilo lapho ucabangela ngalinye Ngokwesibonelo ngabanye.