Maria Montessori: A Biography nezithombe. amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Montessori - omunye ezinamandla kakhulu futhi owaziwa amagama pedagogy angaphandle. Ubani sasihlonishwa futhi bamukeleke izindlu wekuvana Europe? Ubani liye lasiza izinkulungwane zentsha izingane ukufunda izisekelo ukufunda? Ezikabani amabhuku Namanje washintsha esuka emashalofini? Lena Maria Montessori. Biography of lokhu usosayensi odumile futhi nomqondo umsebenzi walo tibalwe lapha ngentasi.

umndeni Montessori

Zimemezele kusukela ovelele ahlukile Maria umndeni Montessori Stoppani. Baba, ukuthi ukuhlukanisa phakathi isisebenzi sikahulumeni, waklonyeliswa Order of the Crown Italy. Umama wakhulela liberalists umndeni, ekhaya namalungelo okulingana ngobulili. Izimfanelo umhlabeleli abazali sayo esamukelwa indodakazi yabo, Maria Montessori. Biography (umndeni esadlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe) UMariya lihlotshaniswa biography of abazali bakhe. Wazalelwa 1870 e-Milan Chiaravalle Abbey. Ubaba nomama wayefuna ukunika ingane imfundo engcono.

umalume

Nanguya umntwana axhumane izihlobo zabo, ososayensi ukufunda umsebenzi wabo. Ikakhulukazi Maria ihlonishwe imisebenzi bomfowabo kayise, umlobi nesazi semfundiso yenkolo, Antonio Stoppani alifani nelamuntu. Yena wayengumbulali sibalo ohlonishwa kakhulu e-Italy (e Milan Wakha isikhumbuzo). Ukuthuthukiswa Its emkhakheni yokwakheka komhlaba, i-paleontology nesayensi ukuthuthukiswa okwandile. Kunobufakazi bokuthi amanye imibono Pedagogical Mary lathathwa kuye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa imfundiso yokuziphendukela ezinhle ngokwesayensi pedagogy.

kumiswa

Imizamo yabazali nezihlobo imfundo nokuqeqeshwa Marii uDali uma iya esikoleni. Maria Montessori, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako sithakazelise futhi, kakade kusaqalwa isikole wabonisa ukuthi amakilasi wakhe zilula. Mathematics - kuncike eyithandayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinkinga izibalo ke ixazululwe, ngisho ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezaziwayo. Ngokokuqala ngqá isikhundla social abesifazane yesibili Maria wabona iminyaka engu-12, lapho efuna ukuya esikoleni. Lesakhiwo alolu wathatha kuphela abafana. Nokho, isimo okwakunzima Maria Montessori (biography ngokuphindaphindiwe uyakugcizelela lokhu), ithonya labazali bakhe, yebo, amakhono bokusungula ezehlukile waphula uhlelo wamukela emphakathini. It lwemukelwa. Lapha, esikoleni lobuchwepheshe, Mary njalo kwakumelwe azibonakalise ilungelo lazo lemfundo yabafana. Leli qiniso liye laba omunye juqu kakhulu emizamweni yawo ukulwela amalungelo abesifazane kanye nabantu okwakuphume umphakathi awubalwa.

Kukhethwa mkhakha

Okujabulisayo ne natural sciences esikoleni esiphakeme futhi isifiso sokuba wusizo emphakathini umthelela kukhethwa umsebenzi, okuyinto kwanika uMaria Montessori. Biography kusikisela ukuthi lokho kukhetha Kwakungelula. Wanquma ukuba ngama-engineer, kuyilapho abazali ethambekele nokufundisa. Ngo-1890 kwathatha e-Faculty of Mathematics kanye ISayensi Yemvelo-University of Rome. Nokho, umxhwele imithi. Maria waqala ukuya ezifundweni zethu zobudokotela nganquma ukuba udokotela. Kwakuyinselele entsha ukuze umphakathi. I uphiko lokuqeqeshela ezokwelapha akazange athathe amantombazane. Kodwa ukuphikelela kwakhe nolwazi, negunya emkhayeni baye bavumela Mary ukwenza e 1892 e-University of eRoma, futhi ukulifunda ngiliqede Faculty of Medicine, ekubeni owesifazane wokuqala emlandweni-Italy, wathola umsebenzi wakhe wokwelapha.

Qala imisebenzi yokufundisa

Biography of Maria Montessori lisitshela ukuthi kusukela eminyakeni lokugcina imfundo UMariya wayengowesifazane umsizi esibhedlela, futhi kusukela ngo-1896, ngemva sivikele mqondo yakhe wezifo zengqondo, waqala ukuqhuba emtholampilo. Elapho beqala ukuhlangana nezingane ezikhubazekile, bese baphendukela izincwadi zezokwelapha ezisekelwe ekwazisweni ku lithathelwe kulesi sigaba ekhethekile izingane emphakathini. Isebenza Eduarda Segena wezifo zengqondo kanye onguchwepheshe ukusebenza nabantu abayizithulu Jean Marc Itard owaba nethonya elikhulu le Montessori kanye nemisebenzi yayo. Wayekholisekile ukuthi lezi zingane kuzoletha inzuzo omkhulu emsebenzini abanekhono Pedagogical kuka imithi.

Maria waqala ukufunda imisebenzi ngemfundiso yokuziphendukela imfundo, imfundo, imfundo theory. Kusukela 1896 yena uye wasebenza nezingane ezikhubazekile, abalungiselela izivivinyo e-junior esikoleni yesibili. Emva imiphumela okusasele wabonisa abafundi bakhe, uMariya waziwa umphakathi. Uhulumeni ivule Ortofrenichesky Institute, iholwa Maria Montessori. Biography, kafushane ezichazwe ngenhla, kuholela esiphethweni sokuthi uMariya has a unique ikhono, ukuzwela nokuqaphela ukubaluleka umsebenzi wabo.

Kutfutfukiswa indlela

Kusukela 1901 Montessori wafunda Faculty of Philosophy parallel ukwenza umkhuba ezikoleni, lapho yena wahola ucwaningo futhi wenze kokuma. Maria wabona izimo lapho izingane zifundiswa esikoleni samabanga aphakeme: awulungele ukuqeqeshwa izilaleli, isiyalo nokhahlo, ukuntuleka kokuzibophezela ukuthuthukiswa olunzulu abafundi. Ngaqaphela ukuthi bakhulise abantwana abakhubazekile: ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo inqubo yemfundo nemfundo lancipha ubudlova. NoMariya bebona ukuthi sekuyisikhathi ube umphakathi nomusa ngaphezulu futhi ekuqaphela. Futhi esikoleni sakhe sokuqala ngo-1907 - "Indlu Wezingane" - Maria Montessori ivulekile. Biography kanye nemisebenzi zeminyaka yokuphila egxile ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono izindlela ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa.

I lizilolonga ezingeni lamazwe omhlaba, okuyinto yahanjelwa othisha eziningana kweshumi, Montessori labetibambile 1909. Ukuze le nkathi fanele ukushicilelwa encwadini yakhe yokuqala mayelana nezindlela yokusebenza nezingane kule "Ekhaya Wezingane". Mary njalo ngcono indlela futhi njalo ophethe izifundo zokuqeqesha othisha kusukela emhlabeni wonke. izimiso ukuphumelela indlela Montessori saziwa ezikoleni yesimanje kanye nezikhungo asathuthuka.

Maria Montessori: A Biography, izingane

umndeni sikaMariya siqu futhi wadala. Inhliziyo yakhe lanikezwa udokotela, ne ukuthi wayesebenze nobani e esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo, wahlanganyela parallel enezingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile. Baye e 1898 umfana wazalwa, okuyinto wanika izingane zikhule emndenini elula. Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba Montessori neze Baye bamelela umphakathi esihlala kuwo ngqo walahla ukuzalwa kwezingane ngaphandle komshado. On isinqumo omkhaya Mary bathonya umngane wakhe - umkhaya etusekayo Italy Montessano Aragon futhi isithembiso inhliziyo okuphakade ukusondelana ukuthi wanika nomunye Maria Giuseppe.

Mario Montessori

Mario, indodana Maria Montessori, ogama biography akukanciphi ezithakazelisayo, musa amagqubu unina futhi ngineminyaka engu-15, ngahamba ngayohlala naye. Kwalokho, wayephumelela njalo ingqondo okungavamile, bawuthatha ngokungathí sina umsebenzi kanina, simsiza, wathatha ezicini senhlangano ye imisebenzi yayo. Abaphila Besikhathi bathi uMariya emelelwa Mario lokuhlanganyela emphakathini njengesakhamuzi esihlelekile isihlobo, futhi kuphela ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe wathi ukuba abe yindodana yakhe. Ndawonye, baye benza okuningi ukuze kuzuze imfundo: ihlelwe izingqungquthela izifundo, ukhuluma ngesikhathi izingqungquthela, kanye nodokotela wavula izikole. Mario ngakwazi abe ozokwenza okufaneleko. Ngezikhathi kubalulekile, wayelapho. Lapho ekhaya baqala indiva amandla ukusinda, baphoqeleka ukuba uthuthele ku India nonina futhi indodana, Mario noMaria Montessori. Biography (ukufa wathatha uMariya 82 ngonyaka wokuphila) lisitshela ukuthi Mario Montessori baqhubeka nomsebenzi emva kokumuka likanina kusuka ekuphileni. Mario yena washiya Maria Montessori waqala icala yendodakazi yakhe Renilde. Waqhubeka ukusakaza we izindlela Montessori emhlabeni wonke. Lokho wakwazi ukwethula lokhu pedagogy eRussia ngo-1998.

Montessori indlela

Siza ingane yakho ukwenza kakhulu - isiqubulo eyinhloko yonke indlela Montessori. Kuyinto umbono hhayi ukumphoqa ukuba athathe isinyathelo, hhayi ukuphoqelela imibono yabo ngaphandle, ungathinti ingane uma uhlezi noma ukubukela. Adult noma uthisha ayizibukeli womsebenzi wengane. Bathumela ke, zilinde ngesineke owabuzwa isinyathelo wengane. Mfundisi ezifaneleke ngokucophelela ukuze umklamo imvelo lapho umntwana kuyoba: lonke kufanele iqondiswe ukuthuthukiswa inzwa technology. Isici esibalulekile ekukhulumisaneni nezingane, Montessori ndlela isimo sengqondo senhlonipho futhi sibe nomusa. Uthando izingane nokufundisa Maria uzwakalise ezincwadini zakhe, ezinye imishwana zazo ziye zaba aphorisms. Ingqikithi wabo okulandelayo: yokufunda imvelo wengane, nabantu ababemzungezile, ukuziphatha kwabo, ubuhlobo babo komunye nomunye kanye nengane. Okubonakalisa izimfanelo engcono womuntu lapho sisebenzelana ingane - kungcono okusanhlamvu ukuhlwanyelwa okuyinto ukuqoqa izithelo ezibalulekile esikhathini esizayo.

Ezinye izikhathi imfundo Montessori kuthiwa wagxeka. Lokhu ukungabi lokusungula, ukwenqaba imisebenzi cebo-Ekwenza Umlingiswa, ukuvinjelwa ngokomzimba, nokuningi. Nokho, Maria Montessori, ogama biography elalihambisana nezingane, idale inqubo enjalo, izakhi ezibalulekile zazo asetshenziswa izikhungo amaningi asathuthuka futhi izinkulisa.