Yiziphi izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo eSoviet Union

Umbuzo uwukuthi, Ziyini izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo eSoviet Union, mhlawumbe omunye inkani kakhulu futhi impikiswano emlandweni wezwe kwekhulu lama-20. Inkinga amanani impumelelo usabakhatsalela abacwaningi, futhi izifundo zendlela imiphumela ifaniswe izinhlelo uhulumeni, futhi esikhathini sethu ihlala efanele.

Izici ubudala

Uhlaziyo iziphi izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo ezweni lethu ngqo exhumene ne ukuqonda isimo setepolitiki, kwezomnotho kanye namasiko ngesikhathi esifanele. Esikhathini 1920, wathatha uhambo phezu nep, okubandakanya ukwethulwa umnotho emakethe, ukuhweba, isinyathelo wangasese nezamabhizinisi. Kwakuyisikhathi isilinganiso uhulumeni ukuqeda imiphumela empini kanye inkathi neMpi ubuKhomanisi.

izimfanelo

Nokho, lapho ucabangela umbuzo Yaba yini izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi amaBolshevik kwaqale kubhekwe inkambo entsha njengoba isilinganiso yesikhashana. Yini yokuthi kakade ngo-1925, okungukuthi phakathi ukuthuthukisa ezomnotho njalo emakethe, kokuthathwa kwesiqunto kulowo mhlangano party ukusungula isizinda wezwe onamandla ezimbonini. UHulumeni yayihloselwe ukuqeda ukusalela isimo kusukela yasungulwa kosozimali emazweni Western Europe ne-United States.

izinhlelo

Ngesikhathi impahla kwakukhona izingxoxo esebenzayo mayelana ijubane futhi isenzo yentuthuko umkhakha esindayo. amaphrojekthi amabili aye phambili, ngalinye elikwazi kusenza siqonde ukuthi yiziphi izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo. Abagqugquzeli indlela yokuqala kusekelwe umqondo ukuthi izinguquko kumele kwenzeke kancane kancane futhi ngesisekelo isimo samanje somkhakha wezolimo bese kwezomnotho, ikhumbula umkhuba nesipiliyoni ukhonkolo (Bukharin, Kondratiev).

Nokho, abanye wagomela ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuqala kwazo, ikhumbula hhayi nezimo ezingokoqobo futhi kungenzeka izinguquko ezihlelekile esizayo umnotho (Strumilin Trotsky). Inketho yokugcina kamuva kungase kutholakale ukuthi kunenzuzo, okuyinto kubangelwe kwangaphakathi yangaphandle emzabalazweni, lapho abasekeli yephrojekthi kuqala kuhlulekile. Yiziphi izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo, sachaza kafushane ngezansi. Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni kungenziwa kwachazwa ngokuthi inqubomgomo yesikhathi sesimanje ophoqelelwe, okuyinto ezihlobene eduze hhayi kuphela isimo somnotho, njengoba nezombusazwe.

Five-Year Plan

Ngo-1929 yena lwemukelwa futhi evunyiwe iyahola intuthuko yomnotho. Indlela laba kweqiniso lokuthi wayengenzanga kulindeleke ukwakhiwa zezimboni akuyona yanda futhi enokulinganisela ukuze singathwesi uphazamise ohlelweni oluthile olumisiwe. Nokho, umkhuba, le phrojekthi kwenzakala kakhulu ezinzima futhi okukhulu ukuthi wasebenzisa uhulumeni ukuba iphendukele eziningi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Kakade ngesisekelo the kuqala isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu kuyabonakala ukuthi Yiziphi izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo-USSR: ijubane esasizosheshisa ukuthuthukiswa ngempoqo zokukhokha, ukudluliswa kweemali ezweni kanye labantu bakuleyo umkhakha esindayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli qembu yakhetha isilinganiso esinjalo, njengoba loans ophoqelelwe sabantu, okungukuthi uma noma kabili ngonyaka umuntu kufanele ukunikeza isimo umholo wabo nyangazonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo uye wasiphakamisela amanani bezimpahla ezikhiqiziwe nemikhiqizo yezolimo eyehlisiwe.

isimo sabantu

Umbuzo uwukuthi, Ziyini izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo, impendulo okumele khonga ngaphakathi the isiqondiso kuhlelwe we Party komnotho, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni isimo ezweni lethu ngosuku olwandulela kugqashuka impi ne Germany. Lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila wayengekho omkhulu kanjalo, kodwa izwe isenkingeni intshiseko yokushisekela izwe futhi intshiseko, okuyinto wadlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni. ngezinga elikhulu wathola "Stakhanov ukunyakaza". Izisebenzi eziningi ngaphambi schedule, futhi uhulumeni besekele kubantu isifiso sokuba sesimanje okusheshayo.

ukuthuthukiswa izinto eziza kuqala

Inkinga yokuthi yini izici kwezimboni sezenhlalo (ithebula esihlokweni, kubonisa izici ehlukile), ngenxa yokuthi uhulumeni umise umsebenzi kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi nje eyishumi ukuze uhambisane ne ukuthuthukiswa lamazwe eziphambili. Kuze kube yimanje, ukugcizelela wabekwa imboni ezifana isakhiwo umshini, yokusansimbi, ukwakhiwa. Kwakukhona futhi ukubheja ukudalwa isimo kanye collective ipulazi impahla okwagcina kwasiqeda ezizimele emnothweni kazwelonke. Nokho, i-main umgomo kwezimboni yafinyelelwa: esikhathini esifushane yesikhathi, iSoviet Union Uphume endaweni yesibili ku-ukukhiqizwa yezimboni futhi ukuzimela kwezomnotho.