Troubadour - lokhu ... Serenade Troubadour

Troubadour - umbethi wogubhu, noma imbongi-umculi, owayehlala futhi esebenzela ngesikhathi esithile endaweni ethile. Okuningi ikakhulukazi - e Provence XI-XII eminyaka. Igama elithi lisuselwa trobar isenzo, okuyinto lihunyushwa ezinhlamvini Provencal (noma Occitan) lisho ukuthi "ukubhala."

lapho kwazalelwa khona troubadours

Provence (endaweni yomlando itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe) kuyinto sombuso isiko French kanye lokusungula we Minstrels KweNkathi Ephakathi Mature wabeka isisekelo ulimi lokuqala etemibhalo - Romanesque. Singasho bathi Troubadour - eyandulela ngqo kuzo zonke izimbongi Catalonia naseNyakatho Italy, kanye minnesingers ekhazimulisa uthando trouveres, medieval izimbongi amaqhawe, futhi Dante, futhi bonke ababeza ngemuva kuye. Esikhathini XI-XII namakhulu eminyaka sihlangabezane Provence elikhulu kwezomnotho, futhi ngemva kwakhe - futhi imvuselelo kwamasiko. Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile enkantolo nenhlonipho ka Chivalry esekelwe bayakwazi ukuziphatha umphakathi, kube mnandi futhi ukunqoba izinhliziyo emakhosazaneni amahle ke ukukhuleka abayithandayo njengoba isithonjana futhi enze izenzo ezinhle kakhulu futhi migilingwane ngenxa ke. izinkondlo Provencal, ukukhonza i standard ongenakuwufinyelela bonke abantu nxazonke, wahlabelela ngezindumiso Knights, abangakwazi bakhonze njengamaphayona intokazi enhle.

Ukuzalwa Umkhuba omusha ezincwadini

Encwadini ekwakhiweni ofingqiwe Troubadour - imbongi courtly, omisebenzi yakhe predominated ladies ihlelo. Ababhali kanye nabadlali imisebenzi babezibheka izinceku futhi akhonze wabesifazane adunyiswe kwamadoda asebukhosini, ubuhle, zesimanjemanje nokunye wakhe, kanye izenzo obenziwa egameni we Knights yendlovukazi inhliziyo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokungafani kuya yeqhawe nobuqhawe uyayitusa ubuqhawe abantu, Troubadour izinkondlo ubonisa ukukhula ukwazi ngabanye. izinhlamvu ezithile, njengabaphostoli Tristan noma Knights of the Round Table, ukwenza izenzo ezithile egameni ozithandayo zabesifazane. Kukholakala ukuthi Troubadour lokuqala, okuthiwa, Guillaume kwaba IX, uMbusi Aquitaine. Kulokhu, lo Troubadour - isidlaliso esasiwafanele of imbongi abanamakhono futhi kuphumelele, ngubani anikeza ugqozi wonke izincwadi French.

Abamele izincwadi courtly

Ukuze imbongi-abaculi lokuqala Provence kukhona Gocelmo Fedi, Peire Vidal, Giraut de Bornelh, Giraut Riker nabanye. Ngokuthakazelisayo, troubadours abaningi kwakungabantu besifazane. Siyazi amagama 17. Ethandwa kakhulu wabo - Beatrice de Dia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhulwini XII, ukulawula feuds ezinkulu eziningana, eyayibonakala eliholwa amagrafu, engumxhasi wezobuciko, sekudlule ezandleni abesifazane. Ngokwemvelo, esifundeni Carcassonne, le Duchy of Aquitaine, ku Nimes, Narbonne futhi Bezerskom vikonstvah art nezincwadi kwachuma phakathi nokubusa ladies in full bloom. Omunye imisebenzi edume kakhulu izincwadi courtly kubhekwa "Lancelot" Chrétien de Troyes. A inoveli evesini utshela uthando Queen Dzhinerve, umka-Arthur ziyaphawuleka, nezenzo ngenxa ke, uzibophezele komunye Knights edume kunayo Round Table Lancelot.

izici zayo lokusungula troubadours

Umbethi wogubhu kungaba umuntu unekhono ukuqamba ayengayilungiselelanga futhi ungumnikazi insimbi yomculo. Wayefanele ukuqaphela zonke izindaba, ikakhulukazi inkantolo, futhi sifunde ikhono lokubuza ukuthopha ezicashile. Ngokuyinhloko, troubadours ehlabelela uthando, entwasahlobo, injabulo ekuphileni. Futhi nakuba Yama-Albigenses Crusade (iminyaka 1209-1229 uchungechunge imikhankaso kwenziwe ukuze kuqedwe baqede) saphela ngokuphelele ukuba khona kwabo, lezi abahlabeleli, izimbongi nababhali bezingoma baye bashiya ifa elikhulu kwamasiko kanye inkumbulo kakhulu ngaye ngokwakhe. Ukuze amakghonwabo, imvuselelo baqale ukuthandana nothile ungacimi, nasesikhathini sethu. kakhulu Igama umculi kanye imbongi "Troubadour" kuzwakala kamnandi, kodwa ngalezo zinsuku kwakukhona amagama amaningi: trouveres, umbethi wogubhu, Bard futhi minnesinger. Ngu uhlobo, troubadours ikakhulukazi ahlonishwe ngokuyinhloko canzone futhi Sirvent, bekhala futhi pastorela Albian, tensona bezingoma. Zonke lezi zihlukile ngesimo theme songs, kodwa izwi elazwakala alibazuzisanga, ubuhle ifomu nemvumelwano ukunemba saziso. Imibhalo yesandla esekhona, zikhona kuze kufinyelele 500 amagama troubadours, 40 aziwa abalandeli kanye Ongoti zezinkondlo. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XIV, welithi "Troubadour" kwaba ukhohliwe, kodwa izimbongi zothando emsebenzini wakhe ukuvusela ifa Minstrels ephakathi, futhi isithakazelo kuzo isiqhume ngamandla kuvuselelwe. Yilokho umqambi omkhulu Italy okuthiwa omunye wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti leli zwi.

I-opera enkulu

"Il Trovatore" Dzhuzeppe Verdi opera omkhulu, ebhalelwe Libretto ngu Salvatore Cammarano umngane wabona ukukhanya e 1853, ngemva kokufa librettist isibe omunye imisebenzi elikhulu George. Verdi. Nakuba izenzakalo ezichazwe kulo, eyakho ngekhulu xv, inkantolo imbongi-umculi, Manrico, protagonist imisebenzi ngokuthi Troubadour. Lo msebenzi kwakumelwe umqambi ubuhlakani belingana labo wemidlalo ye-opera yakhe ngokuthi "Rigoletto" futhi "La Traviata." Umqambi ngakho ethumba umqondo play A. G. Guteresa, umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini iSpanishi, ukuthi wonke umculo opera okungenakufa wabhala izinsuku 29 yena. "Troubadour" - opera, okuyinto premiered eRoma ngo-January 19, 1853, ngokushesha kwaduma kakhulu, futhi walinqoba cishe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. umculo omangalisayo, Solo omkhulu labasibekela nozungu adumileyo basonta kwesiqinti, wakhe ubuhanjelwe amaGypsy lokuntshontsha izingane Ukubala sika, uthando phakathi abazalwane ababili, omunye walaba besifazane, duel phakathi kwabo, ukufa cishe zonke izinhlamvu. Kwakukhona okuningi izindaba sonke isikhathi. opera Immortal kwenza umculo kuphela ongenakuqhathaniswa Dzhuzeppe Verdi.

Ukuvuselelwa isithakazelo endleleni kwamaSoviet

Ezweni lethu, igama "Troubadour" wakhazinyuliswa ikhathuni abadumile, Ingxenye 1 of esanyatheliswa ngo-1969, futhi 2nd - ngo-1973. Troubadour we "Bremen Town Abaculi" isibe omunye edume kakhulu cartoon abalingiswa. Impumelelo omkhulu ingxenye yokuqala, liphefumulelwe izindaba ezimnandi Fairy we Brothers Grimm, kuye kwashukumisela ababhali Yuri Entin, Vasily Livanov, umqambi Gennady Gladkov ngokudalwa eyalandela, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Ngo ezinyathelweni Bremen Town Abaculi". Nakuba ingxenye yesibili zazingenzelwanga ne abalandisi omkhulu German, sasiwumsebenzi ababukeli bezijabulisa ezithakazelisayo futhi okungenani ayizintandokazi Soviet kulokuqala.

Izinhlamvu efanayo: Princess and the Troubadour, amakati nezinja, imbongolo iqhude - uqhubeke adventure yabo. Inzuzo okusobala izingxenye ezimbili yiyona umculo.

Troubadour Wonderful Soviet

izizukulwane eziningana wakhulela lezi zingoma, zingabantu adume liyabonakala. Serenade Troubadour "I ray ilanga segolide ..." ukuqhubeka ikhathuni, egcwele Muslim Magomayev waba wobuciko zomculo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi kule ngxenye kwakuzwakala umphenyi brilliant xaxa futhi atamansha. izingoma zazo nazo waqaphela futhi abathandwa izilaleli. Mhlawumbe ngenxa ikhathuni, kuba njalo kakhulu eyenziwa kusukela repertoire izinto umculi abahle abazimisela akanakho ingoma - kwagadla smash. Serenade Troubadour, kanye "Melody", "umshado", "Nocturne", wangena endlini yengcebo esigabeni kazwelonke. Ingoma "I ray ilanga segolide ..." baletha M. Magomayev indondo "Kuhle-movie" 2008.