Izinhlobo imidwebo. Art imidwebo. Art Umdwebo izinkuni

Art mdwebo yokuciko zokuhlobisa uyaqhubeka isiko Folk art. Lena akuyona nje ezinye izinto ezibonwayo, essence yayo kungaphezu, ngoba kubonakala lintanta phandle isikhathi, ngokuhlanganisa lokusungula ezizukulwane eziningi okuyinhloko. It is organically exhumene ne lokhokho - endaweni yomsuka wawo e abalimi nomphakathi (Abanikazi bamapulazi, abalimi, abazingeli).

Ukubheka art Umdwebo kwezobuciko

Art ukupenda isetshenziswa imikhiqizo kalula misela yemvelo izinto "yeningi" bendabuko: izindwangu zemvelo, nge sigodo, zenhlabathi, lesikhumba, itshe, ithambo.

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVII ke amahlumela owawukhona phakathi amapulazi emvelo. Amakhono Kwabekwa amakhosi umugqa yokhokho, izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Ucije amasu ekhethekile ngobungcweti imikhiqizo ngokufanele samanje. Abakhethiwe okuqukethwe ekhululekile kakhulu futhi izindlela zokusebenzisa nomhlobiso. Ukudweba bokwakha ehlotshisiwe ophahleni, izindonga, nemengamo, imishayo kanye nezinsika, futhi ekhaya - izitsha, izinto zomsebenzi.

Esikhathini kusuka XVII kwebuciko XVIII leminyaka Umdwebo eRussia uye siguqulelwa inhlanzi, ukudala imikhiqizo emakethe. Akukona ukuzigaxa amakhosi ngabanye, futhi kwezinye izindawo kwalesi sigodi. Ekhulwini XIX kukhona inhlangano Artisanal yobuciko imidwebo. Ngokwesibonelo, amakhosi Fedoskino emincanyana ihlelwe ngakho ngokwabo ngemva kokubhujiswa ngabanye 1903 futhi baye bamemezela art yabo. Ngo-1876, uqala systematization ezahlukene imidwebo Uprofesa Isayev AA ku wokulandisa yemiqulu emibili ye "I yezandla kwezindaba zesifunda eMoscow."

Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 20-30 uhulumeni wamaSoviet uncika ukusungulwa wokubambisana yokudoba ama cooperatives lapho ngokomlando athuthukile Folk art izikhungo, nezinhlobo ehlukile umdwebo. Ngokwesibonelo, Khokhloma umdwebo ku Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni.

Isu yentuthuko imidwebo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo yobuciko neyezandla, waqonda futhi okuchaza usosayensi futhi uthisha Vasiliem Sergeevichem Voronovym ku wokulandisa "Ngo ongumlimi art."

Okwamanje, le nkampani ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni lobuciko mural Umdwebo izinhlobo ukuze banelise izidingo njengoba emakethe eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. imikhiqizo Painted kuyilapho kulondolozwa imisebenzi yayo kwansuku ngokwethukela ekubeni izici ukubaluleka yobuhle futhi kwezobuciko. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa zabo besebenzisa imishini yesimanje kanye nemishini ekhethekile - I-roughing futhi umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo. Kodwa umsebenzi oyinhloko yokudala, kanye namakhulu eminyaka ambalwa adlule, senziwa ngesandla master abaculi.

Ukudweba Art

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukuthi lo mdwebo kazwelonke kushintsha kakhulu umfanekiso umkhiqizo. Uba bazwakale ku Isikali sombala ezingeni, isigqi imigqa proportionality. Industrial "despiritualized" imikhiqizo imizamo abaculi nalobuphilako. Lesi sakamuva kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izakhi nomhlobiso kanye buciko (Umdwebo kanye Umdwebo). Imihlobo ehlukeneko imidwebo ukudala isizinda ekhethekile omuhle ngokomzwelo, uvumelane endaweni zokuphila lokudoba.

Ukukhuluma ngokomthetho, Umdwebo zokuhlobisa wenziwa ngokusebenzisa upende ibhulashi phezu ethile. Kufanele kuqashelwe isikhashana abalulekile: Ngokungafani imidwebo, akhombe isikhala lephelele, imidwebo uhlale kusele izingxenyana nje ze.

Ochwepheshe Abaklami bavame ukukhuluma lo mkhuba Umdwebo Russian: kuba ngokuvumelana jikelele ne cishe kunoma iyiphi isitayela Minimalism, yesimanje, izwe. Ubuchwepheshe, adalwe amakhosi lasendulo, ephelelisiwe inzala amakhosi ezindaweni ezithile, ukudala inkulumo ekhethekile yesitayela. Ngenhlanhla, eRussia ngekhulu xxi ziye zalondolozwa futhi ithuthukiswe izinhlobo ezahlukene imidwebo: Gzhel, Khokhloma, Boretsky Gorodetsky, Mezen, Onega, permogorskaya, pizhemskaya, Polkhovsky-paydanskaya, puchuzhskaya, rakulskaya. Cabangela izici lezi izitayela ehlukile.

Ukuvela khokhloma

Ikhono ukupenda isihlahla ngombala segolide ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngqó, impendulo ingu igolide idluliselwe Khokhlomskaya amakhosi isithonjana-splitters abavule le kokuxazulula ekhulwini XII ngo imfihlo emahlathini ehlane empumalanga ye iVolga. By the way, bona babesazi yezandla, ukuhlinzeka Umdwebo: lathe ibhizinisi kanye art yasendulo umhlobiso. Mhlawumbe nabo babeyazi izinhlobo Umdwebo lasendulo,

Elikhulu ukuhweba edolobhaneni Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni empumalanga ye iVolga - Khokhloma - Ifana nozibuthe, ukhange ngezisebenzi.

Lokhu, ku parlance zanamuhla, fair zezifunda ukuze iqembu nemizana phezu lomfula Uzola River wasebenza hhayi kuphela emakethe yasekhaya Russian. abahwebi abacebile wathenga iqembu lakhe elikhulu izimpahla tradable wabathwala emazweni angaphandle. Ngakho, Khokhloma izimakethe "ngaphansi isibhamu", izimakethe kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi ngalokho, yayibuswa izinga mncintiswano kunani mncintiswano. isisusa sangempela sidalwe: ikhono masterovitogo womuntu bamlethela ingcebo eziphathekayo.

Ngokusho ucwaningo ngochwepheshe esikhathini kusuka XII ekhulwini XVII ukuthi ivela Khokhloma isitayela, okuyinto luhlanganisa Nizhny Novgorod lasendulo izinhlobo yokupenda ukhuni.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kusuka XVII ukuze XVIII leminyaka Khokhloma nesitayela kwakhiwa. Namuhla izikhungo zayo yilezi:

- ifektri "Kokhloma Umculi", nolusebenza kusukela master wahlala Koverninskii wesifunda (Semino et al.). Ngo imidwebo yabo ubuswa izimbali zasendle kanye amajikijolo;

- Association "Khokhloma Painting", Semenov. Masters Association ngokwesiko athuthukise isihloko imibala kumnandi.

ubuchwepheshe khokhloma

Nun amakhono "ibhulashi esihle" ezitholakala kwenkululeko ocebile izimila umhlobiso. A indima enkulu eyadlalwa izinga imikhiqizo. Art Khokhloma Kusolakala ukuhambisana amakhosi ubuchwepheshe ezithile. Akumangalisi, hhayi kushintshile kuze kube namuhla. Sibala oda ezigabeni:

- vytachivanie phezu lathe yezinto ukhuni ( "ilondolo");

- primer izikhala isixazululo ketshezi ngokukhethekile ubumba lelungiselelwe ( "umuthi"). Esikhathini sethu, kulokhu, sebenzisa primer yokufakelwa;

- tin tin noma isiliva. Manje the aluminium asetshenziselwe le nhloso;

- Umdwebo zokuhlobisa ukhuni omiswe umkhiqizo kuhhavini;

- varnishing nokwesula ashisayo.

ukwelashwa ukushisa Fundzisisa imikhiqizo kuchazwe yombala ayethanda ubudala abadwebi Russian: inhlanganisela zegolide cinnabar obomvu ne nombala omnyama. okungukuthi Kokhloma lokushisa amaziko akazange kuthinte ukukhanya nokuqhathanisa lezi imibala.

Izindlela Khokhloma imidwebo

ukubukwa Vintage yokudweba zokhuni, bafakwe Khokhlov, akhonjwe ezimbili kwesistimu yayo, "isizinda" nelithi "ukukhweza" incwadi. kakhulu Igama uhlelo yakhiwa indlela yokusebenzisa eziyisisekelo ngalé ukuma.

"Horse" uhlelo kufaka isicelo ngalé ezinemibala ucacisa ngqo on isizinda segolide. Ingemuva edonsa osemqoka "contouring" ngokuqondile ngemuva by "zarisovyvaniya" master omnyama abomvu isikhala ezungeze "curls igolide".

uhlelo ngalunye isebenzisa izinhlobo efanayo Khokhloma imidwebo. Kunezinhlobo ezine kuphela, "Kudrin", "berry" (noma "iqabunga"); "Induku"; "Ngaphansi ngemuva."

"Kudrin" eqala "herbal" iphethini eyabhalwa ibhulashi esihle kakhulu. He is Nokho, kancane like sedge, curled eyinkimbinkimbi izindandatho ashukumisayo obunobunye. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lena nomhlobiso eminingi yasendulo.

"Ngaphansi berry" - udonsa ibhulashi obukhulu. Ngaphezu "Engamakhambi" isivele abasafufusa amahlamvu kanye amajikijolo. Isitayela amafomu isitshalo futhi ihlanganisa. Ngesinye futhi okufanayo "ekunqandeni" lingabonakala futhi camomile futhi zamajikijolo asendle amahlamvu.

Painted "induku" isikisela ekhuluma umumo weJiyomethri ethile (ngokuvamile rhombus). Isibalo iza "ezinameva 'uyaphila ezinhlangothini futhi zikhanyiswa ilanga phakathi.

Ngo indlela "ngaphansi ngemuva" ngokulandelana ezimibalabala ungenisa nentaba, bese asele ngemuva free anemibala, zabaNsundu.

Ngenxa yokuvelela master ngasinye ibhulashi kuyinto hohloma eliyingqayizivele futhi eyingqayizivele. Izinhlobo imidwebo, esixoxe ngayo ngasenhla, enye kuyo, elimnandi ukubukeka zolotitogo ngokuvumelana, obomvu kanye nemibala abamnyama.

Gzhel. Ukucinga ubumba ngoba zobumba

Gzhel Art ubuciko Umdwebo wazalelwa endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi Ramenskoye esifundeni esifundeni eMoscow. izinsuku Old kulezi zindawo nabizelwa Gzhel umasipala, futhi endaweni kwalesi sigodi welulela Bohteevo, Volodya, Gzhel, Kuzyaeva, Novoharitonovo, Turygin.

Kuze kube abalimi bendawo XVII ekhulwini ekhiqizwa ngebumba kuqhathaniswa bakudala zobumba ngezinkomishi ezinamekwe ngomthofu. Isimo ishintshile ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa yezimboni Clays wendawo ofanele ukwenziwa zobumba. Esizoqala iyisinqumo Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ukuthola "ubumba ofanele" ukwenziwa imithambo ezithaka imithi - e 1663.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaba nempumelelo, nge 1710 njengokwenza komthaki oda abantu lapha waqala ukusebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa. Osokhemisi adunyiswe izinga nobumba, futhi sesifikile isikhathi lapho kukhona nezimboni nesithakazelo. Babefuna izinto zokusetshenziswa ofanele ukwenziwa zobumba. Ngu ngomthetho wenkosi ngo-1844 usethe sithunyiwe, okuhlanganisa umnikazi ifektri zobumba eMoscow Athanasius Grebenshchikov Porcelain manufactory futhi unjiniyela uDmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov, lithole gornoinzhenernoe imfundo e-University of iMarburg. Eminyakeni emihlanu ngifuna ubumba kwesokudla. Ngo 1849, ngemva kokuhlela nokuthandaza izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili labacwaningi babeyingxenye misela ubumba, zazo ekhiqizwa zobumba ezinhle kakhulu. izinga yabo uzidumisile M. V Lomonosov, ofunda naye ekilasini Vinogradov.

Gzhel. ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza

Usozimboni Grebenshchikov ukuqalisa usebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala isitshalo yayo eMoscow. Nokho, abantu uhlakaniphile edolobhaneni Gzhel nasemizaneni yalo, ngendlela, njengoba sishilo, kakade ababenamakhono sobumba, futhi waqaphela izinzuzo e ukusetshenziswa kabanzi eliphezulu nobumba.

Kwahamba behamba njengoba emizaneni wahlala abeluleki esihle - abasebenzi zokukhiqiza kusukela A. isitshalo Grebenshchikov. Phakathi 1750 futhi 1820 master-izingcweti wenza majolica - oblong-Kvasnikov nemiphanda, amapuleti, izinkomishi, izitsha. Umdwebo Ornamental kwakwenziwa upende oluhlaza, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye Aubergine kwi background elimhlophe. Image zihlanganisa inyoni - maphakathi, nasemaceleni ke - izihlahla, izihlahla, indlu. (Okungukuthi zinhlobo bakudala wabonisa Umdwebo izinto). Tableware funa. Kube mncintiswano izinga. Thina babehola le wangaphambili zobumba izimboni ezikhiqiza eliphezulu polufayans ezifanayo izitsha "izihambi".

Ikhono ayalolongwa engaphezu kuka-80, futhi kusukela ngo-1820 has cishe zonke Gzhel izingcweti ukukhiqiza polufayans. Lezi yizinsuku ezivelele we Gzhel art. Imikhiqizo amakhosi kungabonwa ku Hermitage. Lokhu tableware ayebhekwa engcono eRussia futhi nainaryadneyshey. Ejwayelekile zaveza Gzhel teapots, nezitsha, amapuleti egcwele izindlu abathengisi lezikhulu, zokudlela. amafomu Ukuthuthukisa imidwebo. Gzhel ukuthenga ezweni lonke, kusukela Uyingelosi Enkulu ukuze Astrakhan lemikhiqizo Central Asia naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukukhiqizwa senziwa izimboni ngamatshumi amathathu. Engaged ekukhiqizeni Gzhel abakhiqizi: Barmina, Gusliny, Gusyatnikova, Kiseleva, Terekhova, Sazonov.

Ngokudabukisayo, usenesikhathi 1860, kukhona ukwehla Umdwebo Gzhel. Folk ubuciko, ozalwa umncintiswano amakhulu abakhiqizi amancane kanye naphakathi kweshumi is abangenamakhaya pragmatism ka monopolies ezinkulu. Phakathi ayitholwa wema MS Kuznetsov, siphathelene nezitshalo zaso ezinhlanu ikhiqiza ikhiqiza iziqhumane 2.1 mln. Hlikihla. Ukukhiqizwa umthamo we asele 14% of Kuznetsovsky. ngqó, impendulo ingu nomkhiqizi Kuznetsov futhi "washayiseka" umsebenzi. mncintiswano Gone, kwehle ugqozi, kwehle izinga, kwafika ukwehla.

Njengoba abaculi ngesineke Gzhel

Gzhel uhlukile master ngasinye, ngekusebentisa tinhlobo classical yobuciko for imidwebo yakhe, kudala amasu nendlela yakhe ngabanye.

Kuyinto art ezicashile. Iqhaza oyinhloko udlalwa Okuhlangenwe nakho kuka-master, okuyinto kubonakala endleleni ehlozini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi zobumba seqhwa ezimhlophe uphendulela obunobunye umbala ushintsho kusukela blue obukhulu ukufiphala okwesibhakabhaka. Konke lokhu ugwala upende olulodwa - ayibe. Figure sisetshenziswa kwamanzi, "okokuqala ', okusheshayo.

Kungani-ke amakhono ebalulekile umculi? Ekuqaleni, lo wangempela umbala esithombeni ingabonakali (ikakhulukazi ayibe). Konke kubonakala ezinombala ofanayo ukucinga indikimba yendaba, futhi kuphela uma gzhel labetibambile yokuwugazinga kuhhavini, umdwebo izovela ngokugcwele.

Uyini Ukwakheka Gzheli? Iqhaza emaphakathi kuwo ngokuvamile iphatha imbali ahlotshiswa. Eceleni kwalo kukhona ngokuvumelanayo izvivisty lwendaba "herbal", amahlamvu ocebile futhi amajikijolo. Kwenzeka ukuthi lo mdwebo nokwelukiweyo izindikimba abanjengezilwane, noma oluhlobene nokuphila kwansuku zonke (isib ekhaya).

Njengazo cishe uphendulela lesi sibalo? Amafomu for Umdwebo kwezobuciko "okuningi kudonselwa kusukela kuqala" Gzheli encishisiwe cishe ukuba izindlela isicelo smear. Kunezinhlobo ezine kuphela: smear esihlakaleni ukubopha futhi zaveza eyodwa ibhulashi iphethini "Sitchikov", kanye umphelelisi isithombe.

Smear inethiwekhi libhekene ukubopha umbala ububanzi ngenxa superposition okujula ezahlukene by ayibe Ukubuyiselwa emuva ekhethekile ibhulashi mculi.

Ukudweba ngesandla esisodwa libhekene yokuthi ngayinye elandelayo unhlangothi ithoni lihlukile sangaphambilini. Amandla imivimbo kancane kancane kunciphisa, zingabantu "kulula".

Iphethini "Sitchikov" - obucayi kakhulu. Ukhuluma ibhulashi ithiphu nje.

Isetshenziswa GZHEL izinhlobo nokudweba izithombe akuzona ukufanisana ethize enezithombe Motifs yemvelo futhi uchazwe kabusha futhi ethulwa anokulungiselelwa ezingalindelekile. Izithombe Abaculi uchazwe kabusha amahlamvu eluhlaza, amacembe blue rose, asters, carnations, rose ulandele wabuka zezinyoni nezilwane. Ngezinye izikhathi akhombisa izinto zangamalanga eliqoshiwe noma izinto (isibonelo, maqhugwane abalimi ').

"Engamakhambi" aphelele uhlobo image - emilibeni Kuvunguza izakhi Ukufiphaza, imivimbo ezahlukene, babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela weJiyomethri - ukunikeza ukuphelela isithombe, ukudala nangezindlela kunesidingo.

Izehlo Polkhovsky-Maidansky imidwebo

Zihlukahlukene Russian Folk imidwebo. Izinhlobo wakhe kukho konke ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo, mhlawumbe, lingachazwa e zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele ezikhethekile, kodwa hhayi kulesi sihloko. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wethu nesizotha more. Sesike ngokuthi izinhlobo eziningi "untwisted" yokudweba: Khokhloma futhi Gzhel. Nokho, kukhona nabanye, bonke bangabafowabo yasekuqaleni futhi ziningi. Ake sibale ezinye: Boretsky Gorodetsky, Mezen, Onega, permogorskaya, pizhemskaya, Polkhovsky-Maidanskaya, puchuzhskaya, rakulskaya njll Ukungakwazi kulesi sihloko angaphansi ukukhuluma ngabanakekela, ukunikeza incazelo kuphela omunye wabo - Polkhovsky-Maidansky.

Le Umdwebo eladabuka ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX e Ascension esifundeni Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni. Lapha emizaneni Polkhovsky Maidan futhi edolobhaneni Voznesenskoe ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII kwakukhona turning ukudoba izindela of Sarov sezindela. Lathe wafunda lo msebenzi futhi balimi ekutheni bazibone ngezisebenzi enkulu ekwakhekeni izinto sokhuni. Wizards nayo kukhiqizwa, njengoba bathi: "tararushki", imikhiqizo ie for fun: .. amakhwelo, amakhowe, onodoli, amaqanda ama-Easter, amathoyizi.

Umfutho ukudalwa lo mdwebo yokufuna a ongumlimi Polinym Pavlom Nikitichem apharathasi vizhiganiya, futhi kusukela ngo-1926, lokusungula siphaphama of abalimi Wabayisa Umdwebo amafutha imikhiqizo, futhi ngo-1933 base kwathathelwa indawo aniline nodayi.

Ngemva komsebenzi polhovtsev yokutholwa Zagorci, merinovtsy, Semyonov, izinhlobo ezintsha zadalwa matryoshka Umdwebo (le timu sizobe uthinte phezu kamuva).

Ubuchwepheshe Polkhovsky Maydanskaya-isitayela imidwebo

Ekuqaleni, ebusweni isihloko lokhuni is phansi sanding futhi priming isitashi unama. Khona-ke imali wesifunda iphethini ngepeni bese umdwebo kwenziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa upende e ezine imibala: obomvu, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Khona-ke lwenteke "kuhloswe" isici lelandzisako isinyathelo Polkhovsky Maydanskaya-isitayela, owakhiwa umdwebo unhlangothi nentaba abamnyama. Sifaka ukuthi lolu hlobo Umdwebo kusikisela indlela ezifana overprinting.

Lolu hlobo lobuciko futhi isebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile yokudweba isifunda khulula.

We okukhulunywa lolu hlobo Umdwebo akuyona ngephutha. Yena yaqhakaza eU.SSR kuze 90s, kukonke. On Ascension ifektri abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu wasebenza. Kulaba bafundi, u-40% - abaculi enza imidwebo, abanye - Turners. Ukuze iphathwa ngobuhlakani, laboratory yokudala ayesebenza embonini. Imikhiqizo zithunyelwe e-United States kanye ne-Europe. Namuhla, isiko wabeka ifektri ukuthuthukisa osomabhizinisi.

matryoshka wakhe soMkhulu

Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi evolutionarily savela Umdwebo Russian. Izinhlobo ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka kungalindelekile - hhayi kusukela "kudala". Basuke eyenziwe kungakhanyi ukukhanya kwezindaba ukwakheka amakhosi olulodwa Russian. Lokhu kwenzeka matryoshka. She - hhayi okusungulile primordially Russian.

Matryoshka uvele Russia ekhulwini XIX e Sergiev Posad. Unkosikazi umculi Sergei Vasilievich Malyutin e 1898 yaletha esuka Japan sibalo Fukurumu exhegwini, otshala imali izibalo amane (endleleni, ngokusho legend Japanese, lesi sibalo wokuqala wenza indela Russian). Sergey uchazwe kabusha "ngesiRashiya," umqondo wakhe. Kube umbono omuhle kakhulu - akwazi ngokuvamile umkhaya Russian. Igama Matrona oko ethandwa eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ngangicabanga Milutin, ke eyathinta igama emkhayeni wamaRoma kukamama.

Sergey wenza izibalo umdwebo kokutshalwa eziyisishiyagalombili. Owesifazane balandela indodakazi yakhe iqhude omnyama, bese - umntwana wesilisa, bese - futhi intombazane, lesi sibalo lesiphohlongo umntwana. Izinkuni turner isimo sabo ngomshini VP Zvezdochkin. sibalo Painted yena Sergei Vasilievich.

Ukukhiqizwa onodoli. izinhlobo imidwebo

Umhlaba onodoli ethandwa, ukuqashelwa yayo emhlabeni libhekisela 1900, lapho 'aphuma' - Exhibition Umhlaba Paris.

Ayikwazanga Folk art matryoshka idlula? Kakade 1899 lonke Sergiev Posad esikhiqiza onodoli entsha ebukekayo: amantombazane nabesifazane, ebomvana, amajazi kanye ezikhumulweni headscarves futhi sundresses nobhasikidi, izilwanyana, izinyoni, izimbali. Zagorski isitayela (njengoba yaziwa, Sergiev Posad iqanjwe kabusha Zagorsk) kwahluka olunothile, ukunakekela imininingwane encane.

Kusukela ngo-1922 futhi onodoli lokushutheka usuqalile ukukhiqiza edolobhaneni Merinova ku Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni. I turner wendawo Mayorov F. ukuthenga uSergiyu matryoshka, machined "yabo". Yena zibe izibalo indodakazi yakhe. Merinovtsy ngokushesha kahle ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Merinovskaya matryoshka - wagcizelela elikhanyayo, nakuba ngemininingwane esingaphansi Zagorskaya.

Okwesithathu "idiphozi bamapulangwe" kwaba Polkhovsky Maidan ngomzana, ezidumile Turners, nemidwebo. Polkhovsky matryoshka has izici zayo siqu:

- oludlulayo imivimbo ezincane ebhalwe umuntu;

- indawo bobunjwa iduku futhi imigqa sundress (isiketi), kusukela emuva 2/3 matryoshka ebomvu ngesineke (obomvu) noma oluhlaza. Umbala liqhathanisa iduku naye. Ebunzini onodoli lokushutheka ngesineke grouse-rose-sonwele. Designated iphinifa - kusukela entanyeni kuya phansi. Painting iphinifa babeqoqana "e okweqanda." Phakathi nawo - ukuze ubonise rose legatsha, amahlamvu, amajikijolo. Ukwakheka is kwahambisana daisy bese ukhohlwa-kimi.

I nzima kakhulu womshini Vyatka matryoshka bakholelwa ukuthi izingcweti wendawo inlay emapheshana.

isiphetho

Russian art mdwebo yokuciko zokuhlobisa esekelwe ngokujulile abantu isiko, ezingeni ukuqaphela lokho ezweni, ukuthi umndeni. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso eminyaka okuphila wawobaba, ngakho ngesineke izinto baphathe icala ukufudumala, isintu, isimo sengqondo lokudala maqondana nokuphila. Empeleni ngibabheka njengomndeni ukuhlobisa ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu yanamuhla, ngelinye "yokufihla," izingxenye umhlobiso isikhala ephilayo zenziwa.

Art imidwebo futhi kwenza abanye nangezindlela ezimpilweni zethu, bekhumbula phambili Motherland, mayelana duty bonke abantu emhlabeni wonkhe umuntfu - ukwenza ukuphila enhle elibazungezile.