Umshini womhlabathi - inkolelo yesisekelo esizwakalayo

Umshini womhlabathi yisiluleko sesayensi esihlola ukuzinza, amandla nokuguquguquka-isimo sokucindezeleka kwemithombo yasemhlabathini. Futhi, umshini womhlabathi ucwaninga ukuvuthwa okujwayelekile kwezingqimba zomhlabathi, ukuchithwa kwesigaba sabo sokwakhiwa kanye nokumelana nokuthintana nokushayela. Ukubaluleka kokusetshenziswa kwalesi siyalo sesayensi kusetshenziswa imiphumela yalo ekwakhiweni nasekwakheni izakhiwo ezehlukene.

Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni, ubunjiniyela bokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nezakhiwo zangaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamanzi olwandle, emfuleni, ezindlini, emadolobheni, emgwaqweni nasezindaweni zasemoyeni, imiphumela kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo eyenziwe ngomshini wokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Izisekelo nezisekelo, ezakhiwe futhi zakhiwe zibheke zonke izincomo zalesi siyalo sesayensi, zihlukaniswa amandla, ukuthembeka nokuqina kwazo. Futhi, imisebenzi eyinhloko yomshini wokucubungula inhlabathi itadisha futhi isombulula izinkinga zokuguquguquka nokuzinza komhlaba, izakhiwo zomhlaba, izintambo, izindonga zokusekela nezinye izinto.

Umshini womhlabathi kuyisisekelo esidingekayo sezinkomba zokubala okuqondile kwezisekelo nezisekelo zezakhiwo. Ukuklama nokuhlelwa kwezisekelo ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke ekuhloleni okufanelekile kwezakhiwo zomzimba kanye nemishini, kanye nezici ezenzekayo emasimini enhlabathi, kusukela ekukhethweni okunengqondo kohlobo lwesisekelo nobukhulu besisekelo.

Kusukela ekubukeni kwalesi siyalo sesayensi, zonke izinhlobo zemhlabathi ezisetshenziswe njengesisekelo sezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokwakha zihlukaniswa zibe zendalo futhi zenzeke. Izitshalo zemvelo zendalo zemvelo zibizwa ngokuthi izizathu zemvelo, futhi lezo eziye zaqiniswa ngaphambili ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene (ukufakwa kwe-silicification, ukumiswa kwamakhemikhali, ukumiswa kabusha, ukufakwa kwamanzi, njll) kuyisisekelo sokufakelwa.

Ngokwemvelaphi yabo, inhlabathi ihlukaniswa kanje:

• Magmatic. Idalwe ngumsebenzi we-geological we-planet (ukuqhuma kwe-lava nokupholisa).
• I-Metamorphic. Yakhiwe ngenxa yezinqubo zokuguqulwa ngokomzimba nakumakhemikhali kusuka emadwaleni noma emadwaleni angaphansi kwethonya lezici ezifana nokushisa nokucindezela.
• Izizathu ze-Sedimentary. Yakhiwe yi-sedimentation.
• I-Artificial. Ziwumphumela wokukhiqizwa komuntu nemisebenzi yezomnotho.

Ukwakhiwa kwamassifs enhlabathi, abuye ahlole izakhi zomhlabathi, kuboniswa izici zalo zombhalo nezakhi. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi yizici ezihlangene zobukhulu bezici zayo ezizimele, isimo sabo, isimo sendawo, nesilinganiso sokulinganisa kwezingxenye kanye nokuxhumana kwabo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zenhlabathi ziyi-cloddy, nutty, tile, cloddy, scaly, silty-microaggressive kanye nabanye. Izixhumanisi eziyinhloko zokwakha zihlobo lwama-colloid kanye nohlobo lwe-crystallization. Kuvela kulezi zimingcele ukuthi ukukhetha uhlobo lwesisekelo kanye nokufaneleka kwenhlabathi yomhlabathi yokwakha uhlobo olunikezwayo lwakhiwa kuncike.